Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Adult ; Blepharoptosis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Needles

Objective To establish a HPLC method for the determination of hyperoside in Zhidai tablet.Method The HPLC system used the Phenomenex LUNA-C18 (4.6 mm× 250 mm,5 μm)column,the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (10)-0.1％ H3PO4 (90),the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,the column temperature was set at 30℃,the detection wavelength was set at 360 nm.Results The linear response range was 1.2～24.0 μg/mL(r=0.9998).The average recovery of mangiferin was 98.4％,and RSD was 0.93％.Conclusions The method is simple,rapid,accurate and repeatable.It can be applied in the determination of hyperoside in Zhidai tablet.

Objective To explore smoking -related health knowledge and attitudes and their association with smoking behaviors among high school students in Shanghai. Methods With stratified random sampling, 9239 students aged 11~20 years old from 57 high schools (19 from each of primary, secondary and professional schools) distributing in whole city were investigated with questionnaire which self -completed anonymously by the students. The contents of the questionnaire included smoking behavior, relation between smoking and health, and attitude to tobacco control policies. Results Of those 9 239 students, there were 19.5% (male 28.2%, female 10.2%) of them who ever smoked; the total mean score of their knowledge and attitude to smoking and health-related issues was 54.42?7.274 (the maximum was 65), and the ratio of total mean score and the maximum score was 0.8065, the highest ratio (0.9767) was found in awareness that smoking was harmful and the lowest (0.3825) in awareness of tobacco control rules and regulations. The scores of each smoking and health -related knowledge and attitude were decreased with increase of cigarette number smoked by students. Compared with other high schools, the lowest scores of each indexes and the highest rate of smoking were found in vocational schools. Conclusion It was found that the smoking behavior was related with their knowledge and attitude that smoking was harmful among high school students in Shanghai. And the tobacco control and intervention should be mainly developed in students of vocational schools.

Objective To investigate prevalence of chronic diseases, and the awareness & attitudes, and the health demand of residents aged ≥18 yrs in Shanghai communities. Methods 2 320 residents aged over 18 yrs were selected from 19 communities by multiple stage cluster sampling and questioned by face to face survey. Results The standardized self-reported prevalence rate of whole chronic diseases was 28.4%, hypertension was 21.8%, osteoporosis was 7.0%, diabetes mellitus was 6.3%, respectively, which were ranked the top three. The awareness of the hypertension and diabetes mellitus were accounted to 89.3% and 86.0%. The demands for the convenient and comfortable clinical environment in residents accounted to 80.6%. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases in Shanghai was high. It's suggested to enhance the control and prevention of chronic diseases, particularly on hypertension, and to do more health education in suburbs.

Objective To observe changes of thyroid weight and function after 131 I therapy in Graves′ diseaseandtooptimiseradiationdose for treatment of Graves′ disease. Methods From 1995 to 1998, 103 patients with Graves′ disease were selected (nodule was not found by palpation and nuclear scintigraphy). The mean age was 43 (range 27～64) years. Thyroid weight was estimated by nuclear scintigraph (SC) and ultrasound (US). Thyroid function was determined by serum TT 3, TT 4, FT 3, FT 4 and TSH levels. Results The oral dose of 131 I was (188.7?144.3)MBq. If the dose was larger than 555.0 MBq, it was divided into two doses orally. The thyroid weight of the patients before 131 I therapy was (54.8?32.3)g (SC) and (49.3?27.7)g (US), there was no significant difference between SC and US. The thyroid weight in 90 patients was significantly decreased from (51.5?23.4)g to (27.0?13.9)g by SC, and from (47.2?23.7)g to (20.6?8.4)g by US 6～7 months after 131 I treatment. Reduction of thyroid weight was correlated with that before therapy (determined by US) (r=0.49, P

Objective To investigate the effect of antiulcer agents Omeprazole, Misoprostol and Talcid on the gastric mucosa lesion by analyzing the gastric mucosa cell apoptosis and proliferation and CX43 transcriptional expression. Methods Mucosa lesion were evaluated by UI, 32 mice were randomly divided in equal numble into Omprazole (O), Misoprostol (M), Talcid (T), Comparison (C). Apoptosis cells in gastric mucosa were quantitated by terminal deoxynucleatidyl transferase mediared dUTP nick and labelling (TUNEL) techniques, while the expression of PCNA proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining, CX43 mRNA was detected by In situ hyberdization. at 2h after WRS. Results We found that in comparison with control group, the group of pretreatment with Omeprazole, Misoprostol and Talcid showed a significant reduction in damaged mucosa and epithelial cell apoptosis and increase in the expression of PCNA proteins, and the effect of Omeprazole and Misoprostol was better than Talcid. All three antiulcer agents increased CX43 mRNA expression, the effect of Misoprostol and Talcid was better than Omeprazole. Conclusions Omeprazole, Misoprostol and Talcid can attenuate the multiple gastric mucosa lesion induced by WRS. It may be the ultimate way to prevent and cure stress ulcer by exerting direct cytoprotective effect to improve the cell ability and inhibit stress injury.

Objective:To study the immunoisolation effects of alginate-polylysine-alginate(APA)-microcapsules in vito.Methods:To observe changes of cellular immune and tectology of sheeps after hollow microcapsules, Bovine Chromaffin Cells(BCCs) and APA Microencapsulated BCCs(APA-BCCs) transplanted to the spinal subarachnoid space.Results:The blood lymphocyte numbers of each group didn't change; APA-microcapsule could prevent blood CD4 +T lymphocyte , CD4 +/CD8 + and CSF lymphocyte from increasing caused by BCCs transplantation; APA microencapsulation could reduce histological reactions in transplantation area and prolong the survival of the transplant.Conclusion:APA microcapsules possess the immunoisolation effects and can efficiently prevent immunoreactions.

To observe the changes in mucosal blood flow and permeability after esophageal "Z"stenting, 12 adult healthy dogs were divided into two groups, and an esophageal stent was placed in each dog. Mucosal blood flow was measured with Dopplar blood flowmeter. Two hours after stenting PEG400 was instilled into the esophagus continuously under a constant pressure for two hours in the first group. The amount of PEG400 in the stented tissue was measured with gas liquid chromatography.In the second group the same experiment was carried out 24 hours after stenting. The mucosal structure was examined with electron microscope after stenting. It was found that the mucosal blood flow decreased evidently, and the amount of PEG400 was much greater in tissue after being stented as compared with that in normal esophagus. Electron microscopy revealed that the number of desmosome of epithelium decreased, and it was disrupted significantly after stenting. The interval epithelial cells were enlarged, basement membrane was damaged. Stenting might lead to evident decrease of esophageal mucosal blood flow, which significantly impaired the junction of epithelial cells and mucosal structure, and the permeability for PEG400 was increased significantly. All these findings demonstrate that stenting might impair the esophageal mucosa.

To determine the effect of CX43 expression on gastric mucosa apoptosis and proliferation under stress conditions, a water immersion-restraint stress(WRS) model was performed with SD rats. Apoptotic cells were quantitated in gastric mucosa by terminal deoxynucleatidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick and labelling (TUNEL) techniques. Cell proliferation was detected by immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The expression of CX43 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization. The results revealed that in control rats not exposed to WRS, apoptotic cells were seen only occasionally at the surface epithelium, The PCNA cells occurred in the proliferation zone of the gastric glands. The CX43 mRNA predomination occurred in the zone of the gastric glands. In contrast, the apoptotic quantities rose significantly 2h to 5h after the termination of WRS and reach a peak gradually, while PCNA proteins and the CX43 mRNA decreased significantly. At 8～12h after WRS the apoptotic cells gradually declined, while the PCNA cells increased to reach a peak. The CX43 mRNA almost returned to normal level and then increased to reach a peak. At 24h after WRS, the apoptotic cells remained significantly higher than normal level while the expression of PCNA proteins and CX43 mRNA returned to the values observed in the intact rats.These results suggested the expression of CX43 might associate with cellular differentiation, proliferation and the stabilization of glandular zone and affect the apoptosis of the surface epithelium.

Objective To study the changes of collagen content in the esophageal tissue after stenting. Methods To select healthy adult dogs as experimental subjects.Esophageal stent was installed by the method of “autogenous fascia lata femoris transplantation and fixation",the dogs were killed at the end of 1,2,4 and 8 weeks,and the esophageal tissues with stent were taken out and studied by gross observation,light microscopy and electromicroscopy. The bulk density and distribution of collagen fiber were studied by special staining and computer technology.The content of P I CP and PⅢNP in restenosis tissue were measured by radio immunoassay(RIA).The contents of hydroxyproline and total amino acid(AA) in restenosis tissue were measured by amino acid analyser. Results At week 1 and 2 the inflammatory reaction occurred evidently in stenting esophagus with granulation and fibrosis,in some sites the esophageal tissue began to proliferate towards the lumen where the fibroblasts were in the state of active proliferation and secretion .The contents of hydroxyproline and total amino acid were significantly higher in the esophageal tissue within 1 and 2 weeks of stenting than those in normal esophagus.At week 4 and 8 esophageal lumen narrowed conspicuously,with a lot of fibrotic tissue and a little of inflammatory cells.The staining density of collagen elevated gradually within 4 weeks,there after the content of collagen was stabilized.The change of P I CP and PⅢNP accorded with that of collagen staining.The content of AA at week 4 increased significantly compared with that at week 2,its level was similar to that between 4 and 8 weeks. Conclusions Re-stenosis mainly expressed as fibrosis. At week 4,8 the fibrosis stabilized gradually with the lessening of inflammatory reaction. The content of collagen in re-stenosis tissue elevated within 4 weeks,and stablilized after week 4,it was in accordance with the pathological changes of re-stenosis.