The oocyte cryopreservation is more promising than embryo freezing in clinical applications,preservation of female fertility,legal and ethical aspects in this decade.The redundant oocytes retrievedfrom ⅣF cycles can potentially donate oocytes,which have unique advantages in economy and feasibili-ty.We have achieved success in embryo freezing,but just obtained poorer results in oocyte cryopreserva-tion which was mainly because of the low rates of survival,fertilization,and cleavage.The character ofthe plasma membrane and the time of cortical granules present at the metaphase of meiosis Ⅱ with thespindle system consist of the major difference between oocytes and embryos.Moreover,the oocytes shouldbe fertilized by sperm at the appropriate time.We used a refined slow freezing method to improve the sur-vival rate and increased sucrose concentration to dehydrate oocytes.Vitrification was another approach toprevent harms.Besides,intracytoplasmic sperm injection was used to overcome possible zona hardeningafter the release of cortical granules.Oocytes after cryopreservation showed serious disturbances of the mi-crotubules immediately after thawing as they were vulnerable to the thermal changes and easy to depoly-merize.Fertilization of these oocytes with disorganized spindles led to chromosomal aneuploidy,digyny,and degradation of the cleavage rate.We can improve cryopreserved oocytes to normal fertilization anddevelopment by appropriate incubation and timing of insemination,as the microtubules repolymerize in atime dependent way after incubation which is compatible with recovery of the spindles.With the improve-ment of survival,fertilization,and development,oocyte cryopreservation will play an imperative role.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the blood typing test,irregular antibodies screening of pregnant women and hemolytic disease of newborn(HDN).Methods The ABO blood type and Rh(D)blood type of pregnant women were detected,and the irregular antibodies of pregnant women were screened.The blood type serol-ogy and hemolytic disease were detected in neonates with jaundice.Results In specimens of 2 032 pregnant women with type O blood,their husbands were non -O blood type,after delivery,152 neonates were diagnosed as HDN. Among 2 032 pregnant women with type non -O blood,only 5 neonates were diagnosed as HDN.There was significant difference between the two groups (χ2 =135.4,P <0.01).27 pregnant women with RhD negative type,their hus-bands were RhD positive,after delivery,4 neonates were diagnosed as HDN.Conclusion Pregnant women's blood type and irregular antibody are closely related to neonatal hemolysis disease.So pregnant women's blood type and irregular antibody should be regular project in pregnancy,and so as to prevent neonatal hemolytic anemia caused by blood type of feto -maternal incompatibility.

College reading course occupies an important position in English acquisition.The introduction of integrated approach in college English reading course can effectively improve students’reading capability.This article analyses the importance of integrated approach in college English reading course in aspects of teacher,student,and reading techniques and presents some specific methods to help students read better.

Objective To explore the effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance(IR)in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM ) .Methods A total of 16 elderly patients with T2DM in our hospital were included as the research subjects and divided into the observation and control groups according to the random number method .The two groups received the conventional hypoglycemic therapy .The observation group was simultaneously added with calcitriol (0 .50μg/d for 12 weeks) .The blood sugar related indicators and serum 25-(OH)D3 level were detected by collecting fasting venous blood before and after treat-ment measured .Results BMI ,FBG ,HbA1c ,Fins ,25-(OH)D3 and IRI after treatment in the two groups were improved signifi-cantly with statistically significant difference (P<0 .05) ,moreover BMI ,FBG ,HbA1c ,Fins ,25-(OH)D3 and IRI after treatment in the observation group were improved more significantly compared with the control group ,and the differences were statistically sig-nificant (P<0 .05) .The patients with 25-(OH)D3 level < 25 nmol/L had significant improvement in BMI ,FBG ,HbA1c ,Fins and 25-(OH)D3 level ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .There was positive correlation between 25-(OH)D3 with BMI ,FBG ,HbA1c ,Fins and IRI (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The vitamin D supplementation can better improve the IR status on the basis of conventional hypoglycemic therapy and promotes the blood glucose stability in the elderly patients with T2DM .

Objective To investigate correlation between vitamin D and glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism, insulin resistance,early secretory function of pancreatic islets in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Methods 115 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were selected as observation group.115 postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes were selected in hospital at same period as control group.All patients received detection of vitamin D,glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,insulin resistance,early secretory function of pancreatic islets. Correlation between vitamin D and glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,insulin resistance,early secretory function of pancreatic islets were analyzed.Results Fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2h blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,insulin resistance index in the observation group were higher than the control group [(8.5 ±1.2)mmol/L vs (5.1 ±0.6)mmol/L,(13.4 ± 1.5)mmol/L vs (7.8 ±0.7)mmol/L,(8.7 ±1.1)% vs (5.6 ±0.5)%,(25.7 ±1.0)kg/m2 vs (22.3 ±0.4)kg/m2 , (5.6 ±0.7)mmol/L vs (4.5 ±0.4)mmol/L,(2.3 ±0.5)mmol/L vs (1.7 ±0.3)mmol/L,(3.5 ±0.6)mmol/L vs (2.2 ±0.4)mmol/L,(3.6 ±0.5)vs (2.5 ±0.4),t =9.667,10.179,8.535,4.524,5.443,6.529,8.909,7.406, all P <0.05].High density lipoprotein cholesterol,insulin first secretion phase peak factor,pancreatic islet βcell function index,fasting insulin,vitamin D in the observation group were lower than the control group [(1.0 ± 0.2)mmol/L vs (1.2 ±0.3)mmol/L,(5.2 ±1.3)vs (8.4 ±1.6),(135.8 ±11.7)vs (194.3 ±19.2),(4.1 ± 0.9)IU /mL vs (10.8 ±0.6)IU /mL,(10.8 ±2.1)ng/L vs (27.4 ±3.8)ng/L,t =5.087,9.153,7.370,10.414, 18.371,all P <0.05].Vitamin D was significantly negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2h blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,body mass index,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein choles-terol,insulin resistance index(r =-0.537,-0.512,-0.469,-0.387,-0.325,-0.316,-0.372,-0.457,all P <0.05).Vitamin D were significantly positively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol,insulin first secretion phase peak factor,pancreatic islet βcell function index,fasting insulin(r =0.351,0.418,0.674,0.316,all P <0.05).Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes may be involved in glucose -lipid metabolism and insulin resistance,but also may be one of the reasons leading to decreasing of early secretory function of pancreatic βcells.

BACKGROUND: The neurological basis for learning and memory is the high plasticity of central nervous system, and special rehabilitative training is necessary in the process of the functional recombination of central nervous system.OBJECTIVE: To observe the capability of rehabilitative training in differentiating learning ability and memory maintaining of one-trial passive avoidance response, and its correlation with the kinetic properties of Nmethyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor channel of contralateral hippocampal neuron in rats with cerebral infarction.DESIGN: A randomized control animal trial.SETTING: Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the central laboratory of Luzhou Medical College between March 2000 and February 2002. Twentyfour male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups with 8 rats in each: free movement after cerebral infarction group (model group), rehabilitative training after cerebral infarction group (rehabilitation group) and normal group.METHODS: ① Model establishment: Rats in the model group and rehabilitation group were made into models of infarction of right middle cerebral artery, and those in the normal group were not given any treatment. ②Rehabilitative training: After 4 days, only the rats in the rehabilitation group were trained with rolling-cage exerciser, screen exerciser and balance exerciser for 4 weeks. ③ Learning and memory tests: The learning and memory performances of all the rats were tested at 35 days postoperatively. The Y-maze test was applied to mainly observe the needed number f training for the rats to reach 9/10 correct response (for running to dark arm), and the multi-functional conditioned reflex box to observe the stayed duration on the diving board (step-through latency). ④ The single channel current property of NMDA receptor in hippocampal neurons was recorded with cell adhesion after learning and memory tests.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① training times needed for the rats to grasp the structure of the maze in each group; ② step-through latency in each group; ③ single channel current property of NMDA receptor in each group.RESULTS: All the 24 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① The training times needed for the rats to grasp the structure of the maze in the rehabilitation group and normal group were significantly different from that in the model group [(68.02±11.67), (57.62±10.31), (107.07±16.32) times, P ＜0.05], and there was no significant difference between the rehabilitation group and normal group (P＞0.05). ② The medians of step-through latency before shock in the rehabilitation group and normal group were significantly different from that in the model group (286.7 s, 298.4 s, 126.7 s, P ＞0.05), and there was no significant difference between the rehabilitation group and normal group (P＞0.05). ③ The 35 pS short open NMDA receptor channel mainly existed in the hippocampal neurons of rats in the rehabilitation group, the open proportion was 0.099±0.007. The duration and proportion of 20 pS short and long open and the 35 pS short open NMDA receptor channels in the hippocampal neurons of rats were not significantly different from those in the normal group (P＞0.05). In the model group, 20 pS open channel was mainly observed, and the durations of 20 pS short and long open channels were obviously shorter than those in the rehabilitation group, the open proportion of 35 pS short open channel was 0.036t0.04, which was lower than that in the rehabilitation group,but no 35 pS long open channel was observed.CONCLUSION: Rehabilitative training accelerates the recovery of the learning and memory abilities of rats with cerebral infarction by changing the NMDA receptor channel properties of contralateral hippocampal neurons.

Objective:To study the optimal process of reflux extraction for lignans from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus roots. Methods:Sesamin as the reference substance, a colorimetric method was used to detect the absorption value of the samples at 558 nm to calculate the content directly. The extraction time, the extraction times and the volume of extraction solvent were applied to optimize the extrac-tion conditions for total lignans by orthogonal experiment. Results:The absorbance had a linear relationship with the amourt of sesamin within the range of 10. 6-53. 0 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 7). The average recovery of sesamin was 102. 2%(RSD=1. 6%, n=6). The content of total lignans (measurement by sesamin) in the extracts was 10. 0 mg·g-1. The optimum reflux extraction conditions were as follows:adding 40-fold 50 % methanol, extracting once for 30 min. Conclusion:The UV method for determining the total lignans is feasible, stable and reliable as well as precise, and the optimal extraction process is reasonable.

Objective To investigate the mean values of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and change features according to gender,segments and age groups in general Chinese population,and provide the basis for the health assessment of carotid ultrasound.Methods GE LOGIQ 7 ultrasound scanner was used to measure IMT of 743 healthy cases aged from 38 to 70 years old.Six segments(bilateral common carotid artery,bilateral carotid bulb,bilateral internal carotid artery) were measured for each case.All patients were divided into 6 age groups across 5 years to be one group.The mean values for each group was calculated.Results The average age of the three sections of carotid IMT gradually increasing linearly related; minimal change in men and women,the magnitude of the age of the internal carotid artery IMT;sinus IMT were greater than the common carotid artery IMT and carotid artery IMT thinnest.the mean carotid IMT of Men and women in the same age group,compared to the 46-50 group,the group of 51-55,56-60 group,the differences were significant (P ＜ 0.05);men and women 41-45 group and 61-65 difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05);mean IMT difference of the male groups compared with the older group of women was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound scanner can be used to measure IMT accurately.In the 46-60 group,carotid IMT thickening in men than women about 5 years earlier.The mean IMTs for different sex,age groups and segments would greatly benefit vascular health evaluation.It has a great significance in the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Objective To study the expression and significance of excision repair cross complementing genes 1 (ERCCI) in the tissue of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods ERCC 1 proteins was assayed with immunohistochemical method in the tissue of 103 cases of NPC and 50 cases of chronic inflammation of nasopharyngeal epithelium(CINE).Results The expression rate of ERCC1 was 45.63％ in NPCs,which was significantly lower than that in CINE (70.00％) (χ2 =8.037,P ＜ 0.05).The expression rate of ERCC 1 in NPCs had relationship with T,N staging and clinical staging as well as the presence of recurrence and metastasis (χ2 =9.007,9.992,8.343,5.792,all P ＜ 0.05),while no relationship with age and gender(χ2 =0.026,0.871,all P ＞ 0.05).The expression of ERCC1 in group of recurrence and metastasis was significantly lower than those in group of no recurrence and metastasis.Conclusion The expression of ERCC1 was significantly decreased in NPCs.ERCC1 will probably become prognostic biological parameters of NPC.

To analyze the major changes and existing problems of bioassay methodrelated to specifications of biochemicalsin the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition and to discuss the trend of the quality control of biochemical and bioassay method improved