OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for the setting-up of the current pharmacovigilance(PV)system.METHODS:The characteristics of the setup of the PV system in both US and France were analyzed and the problems encountered in current monitoring system of adverse drug effects were pointed out.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Both American and French PV systems have their own advantages and we should learn from it and draw useful experiences from them.In constructing PV system,China should make improvement in organization,communication,financial resource and information technology etc.

In order to have a better understanding of the relation between vertical dimension and occlusal force,a meter was made by means of straingauge.Five Japanese men were investi- gated for occlusal force at different vertical dimensions.The measurements showed that the maximal occlusal force of the posterior teeth occured at 8 to 15mm or the vertical dimension, the maximal occlusal forec of the anterior teeth occured at 13 to 18mm.This indicated that the occlusal force was closely related to the state of jaw closing muscle.

The concrete methods and experiences for foreign students in case study in the past decades were introduced in this article. We emphasized on teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and step by step, explaining the profound things in a simple way and giving attention to different students' capabilities during teaching. In the practice, we surely felt that case study will bring more advantage than traditional teaching methods, motivate students and improve the capabilities to understand the course content.

Objective To analyze the factors affecting on early efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis with atleplase.Methods The clinical data of 100 acute cerebral infarction patients treated by intravenous thrombolysis with atleplase were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into early effective group and ineffective group,whieh assessed by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) with criteria of whether there were ＞ 3 or not at 24 hours after therapy.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the differences of clinical data between the two groups.Results Univariate analysis revealed that the early improvement was significantly associated with favorable outcome at 3 month (P =0.000).Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the systolic pressure at baseline was moderately positively associated with early improvement (OR 1.031,95％ CI 1.008-1.056,P =0.009).Conclusion Moderately lower baseline systolic pressure is associated with early improvement after thrombolytic therapy which is associated with favorable outcome at 3 month.

Objective To explore the improvement of minocycline on negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and its influence on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.Methods Patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned into two groups.One was olanzapine combined with placebo group (control group, 37 cases).The other was olanzapine combined with minocycline group (treatment group, 200 mg ·d-1,po,bid, 38 cases).Both groups were assessed by the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), the scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS), and also tested the level of TNF-α before and after 12 weeks treatments.Results After 12 weeks treatments, the scores of SANS and PANSS in treatment group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05).The level of TNF-α in treatment group[(6.5±1.3) pg ·mL-1]was significantly lower than that of control group[(7.6±1.8) pg ·mL-1] (P<0.01).Conclusion Minocycline can improve negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, and the mechanism may be related to lower the level of TNF-α.

Ethyl pyruvate ( EP) is a stable lipophilic ester derivative of pyruvate with many pharmacological actions confirmed by researches , the anti-tumor effects of EP has attracted the attention of many domestic and foreign scholars .EP exerts antitumor activi-ty through several ways , such as inhibiting proliferation , inducing apoptosis , inhibiting angiogenesis , blocking cell cycle .This paper briefly reviews the rencent findings of antitumor function of EP .

Observations of the ultrastructural changes in neurons of hypothalamie arcuate, supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei were carried out in the rats following gossypol treatment at a dosage of 30mg/kg/day for 5 weeks. The results showed that after gossypol treatment no marked changes in supraoptic and paraventricular cells could be seen at electron microscopic level, and that there appeared a series of ultrastrucrural changes reflecting increased neurosecretory activity in some of arcuate neurons.They were as follows: Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum were slightlydilated and filled with homogeneous, low electron density materials in their cisternae; the amounts of neurosecretory granules, lysosomes, nucleolus-like bodies, and microtubules were increased. The nature, significance and cause of these changes are discussed.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of early activities after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on duration and expenditure of hospitalization and activities of daily living (ADL) of patients.Methods68 AMI inpatients without complications were divided into the early activity group (33 cases) and control group (35 cases). Patients of the early activity group started early activity training by the bed from the 2nd day after admission, and those of the control group from the 10th day. One week before discharge, ADL of all patients were assessed with Barthel index (BI), and duration and expenditure of hospitalization of two groups were compared.ResultsThe average duration and expenditure of hospitalization in the early activity group were obviously lower than those in the control group (P<0.05～0.01), but the total scores of ADL and the scores of most items at discharge were markedly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05～0.01).ConclusionEarly activity training by the bed can obviously shorten the duration of hospitalization, reduce the medical cost and improve the ADL of AMI patients.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of ultrashort wave and acoustic frequency on chronic pelvic inflammation.Methods183 patients diagnosed as chronic pelvic inflammation were randomly divided into two groups. Group A(n=80) was treated with ultrashort wave and group B (n=103) was treated with ultrashort wave and acoustic frequency current.ResultsThe clinical cure rates were 1.25% in group A and 15.33% in group B; the efficiency rates were 91.25% in group A and 97.09 % in group B; there was a significant difference between two groups (P<0.01).ConclusionThe effect of ultrashort wave and acoustic frequency current on chronic pelvic inflammation is better than that of single ultrashort wave.