Local policy innovation is a distinct feature in the arena of public administration in China. Previous researches concerned with local policy innovation experience and policy introduction, but they pay little attention to the failure of policy innovations and their termination. This paper uses the theory and concept of public policy process to analyze the reasons for the quick termination process and its mechanism taking healthcare policy as a case study in Chongqing city. It concludes that relative policy strategy is closed in decision-making. The strategy of some special policy target groups as well as the mutual agitation between public and media agenda are the main reasons for the rap-id end of policy innovation. This study is helpful to understand the factors and logic mechanism of the quick termina-tion of local policy innovation as a special type of public policy change which is termed as short-lived and make more scientific healthcare policy decision making and reform in China.

Objective To analyze the clinical feature of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) and gene mutation of CYBB. Method The clinical data of X-CGD in one child and the results of CYBB gene detection in his family were reviewed. Results This boy had onset in the neonatal period and presented with recurrent severe pulmonary infection as his main manifestation. Results of nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT) in both non-stimulation group and LPS stimulation group in the child were 0, and neutrophil oxidation index (NOI) was 1.15. Gene analysis showed a deletion mutation in exon 6 of CYBB gene in the child (579-582delATTA), which resulted in frameshift mutation started from coding sequence of 189—isoleucine (I) and stop codon occured in advance in the 212th amino acid (I189fsX212). Both the child's mother and grandmother were carriers of the mutated gene. The same deletion mutation was not found in the CYBB gene in the amniocyte from the mother's next child. Conclusion One case of X-CGD patient with CYBB gene mutation and his families were diagnosed by gene detection. Prenatal diagnosis can avoid the birth of children with X-CGD.

Ischemic preconditioning in limb renders skeletal muscle itself or remote tissue or organ being able to resistant a subsequent more sustained ischemic insult.Its clinical application is very potent,which protects important organ such as heart,lung,brain,intestine,stomach,liver,et al.The mechanism refers to nervous or humoral factors,local or system factors,potassium channels,adenosine receptor,opioid receptor,mitochondrium.

Objective To analyze the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of chronic diseases in Liaoning Province. Methods 16 370 residents from 3 cities and 3 counties in Liaoning province were se1ected by multistage cluster sampling.A household survey with questionnaire was carried out.Chronic diseases were self-reported. Results The total prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 34.48%,and it was higher in the urban(41.85%) than that in the rural(28.65%),higher in women(39.45%)than in men(29.38%).The prevalence rate significantly increased with rising of age above 25 years old.The first five of the most prevalent chronic diseases were those of circulation system(13.18%),movement system(7.84%),digestion system(3.92%),endocrine system(2.19%) and respiration system(2.15%),and they occupied 84.87% of all the cases. Conclusion Cardiovascular diseases,hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases were the first three kinds of the most prevalent chronic diseases,and they would be the main diseases need to control and prevent.Meanwhile chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer and intervertebral disk diseases in the young people should be also concerned

Objective To evaluate the effect of different densities of830nm laser irradiation on genetic damages in mice cells.Methods 100Kunming mice were randomly divided into micronuleus groups and sperm group,as well as control group.Mice thymus glands and spleens were irradiated with an830nm semiconductor laser,30mW for5minutes or20minutes each day in vitro,and the micronuclei of polychromatic erythrocytes in sternum bone marrow and rate of abnormal sperm produced were determined.Results Laser irradiation induced deformed sperm(? 2 =111.747,P=0.000),while higher dose(20min per day)laser irradiation increased the micronuclei of polychromatic erythrocytes in sternum bone marrow.There was statistical significance in the difference between the rates of abnormal sperm and micronuclei in sternum bone marrow caused by irradiation on thymus and spleen(? 2 =27.395,P=0.000)and there was dosage effect.The spleen was the more sensitive.Conclusion Laser irradiation at830nm might have a genetic damages to mice cells.Attention should be paid to the potential hazardous effects induced by semiconductor laser irradiation.

Objectives To analyse the predisposing cause and clinical manifestasion of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) complicated with multiple organic failure (MOF),in order to diagnose early and management timely.Methods 537 diabetic patients admitted in our hospital from 1997 to 2000 were included in this cases retrospective study. 182 cases of them complicated with DKA or DKA complicated with MOF (58) were further analyzed by cause, clinical manifestation, number of organs in MOF and the prognosis. Results Analysis showed that the main cause of MOF in DKA patients was infection (84 5%). The higher incidence of MOF in older DKA patients than those of younger. The possible involved organs in MOF were kidney, heart and brain etc. Involving organs of MOF were much, the mortality was closely correlated with the number of involved organs. Conclusions The possible way to reduce the incidence of MOF in DKA patients is intensive preventing and treating infection. To avoid MOF occurring in DKA patients, complications of kidney, heart and brain should be timely diagnosed and managed.

objective: To observe the changes in the bilateral condyles after unilateral mandibular lengthening with distraction osteogenesis. Methods: Unilateral mandibular osteodistraction (DO) was performed in 8 goats. 4 animals were sacrificed at 8 and 16 weeks after completion of distraction respectively. The TMJ specimens were harvested and processed for histologic, histomorphometric and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examinations. Results: Reversible adaptive remodeling in the condyles was observed following mandibular distraction at a rate of 1 mm/d. No degenerative changes in the TMJs were found after mandibular lengthening. Conclusion: Gradual distraction at a rate of 1 mm/day may not lead to degenerative change in condylar cartilage.

Objective: To isolate and purify the polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis, and analyze its structure. Methods:Cordyceps sinensis was cultured by a liquid fermentation method. A water-extraction and alcohol-precipitation method was applied to ex-tract polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor (EPS) and polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis mycelium (IPS). Sephadex gel chromatography was applied to isolate and purify the polysaccharide. The purity and relative molecular weight of the poly-saccharide were determined by a gel filtration method. The monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide was identified by GC. The content of uronic acid was analyzed by sulfuric acid carbazole method. Results: The analysis results showed that the molecular weight of EPS was 78kDa. The content of polysaccharide and uronic acid was 94. 8% and 6. 0%, respectively. EPS was composed of mannose,glucose and galactose with the molar ratio of 4. 5∶8. 0∶1. 0. The molecular weight of IPS was 42kDa. The content of polysac-charide and uronic acid was 92. 5% and 4. 5%, respectively. IPS was composed of mannose,glucose and galactose with the molar ratio of 2. 8∶3. 0∶1. 0. Conclusion:Both polysaccharide EPS and IPS in Cordyceps sinensis are heteropolysaccharide.

Objective To study the effect of continuous drainage of subglottic secretion on ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP).Method One hundred and thirty two patients undergoing continuous drainage of subglottic secretion were divided into the control group(n=70)and the experiment group(n=62):the former group underwent sputum suction in case of bucking,wheezy phlegm or decreased oxygen saturation and the latter continuous drainage of subglottic secretion.The incidence of VAP was compared between the two groups.Result The incidences of VAP in the experiment and control groups were 17.7%and 32.9%,respectively, with significant difference between the groups(χ2=3.928,P﹤0.05).Conclusion The continuous drainage of subglottic secretion can effectively reduce the incidence of VAP.