BACKGROUND:Tumor stem cels not only initiate tumorigenesis, but also are involved in the invasion and metastasis of tumor cels. For tumor stem cels, to identify the specific cel surface marker has become a research hotspot. OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical significance of cancer stem cel surface marker CD44 in gastric cancer invasion and lymph node metastasis. METHODS: CD44 protein expression in specimens of gastric cancer tissue was detected by the immunohistochemical SABC method. The relationship between CD44 protein expression and biological characteristics and prognosis of gastric cancer was detected using Pearsonχ2 test and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Among 100 cases of gastric carcinoma, 59 cases (59%) were positive for CD44 protein expression. CD44 protein expression in normal gastric mucosa at above 5 cm from the edge of primary gastric cancer was negative. CD44 protein was widely expressed in tissues of gastric cancer, mainly expressed in the cel membrane, and a smal amount of expression in the cytoplasm. CD44 protein expression in gastric cancer tissue was not correlated with sex of the patients or age (P > 0.05), but was associated with tumor staging and lymph duct tissue infiltration, histological grade, and tumor size (P < 0.05). Deep tumor invasion, high histological grade, big diameter of tumor, and lymph node metastasis could lead to high positive CD44 protein expression. Positive expression of CD44 is an independent prognostic factor affecting postoperative survival (P < 0.05). The results show that the cancer stem cel surface markers CD44 in gastric carcinoma tissues is strongly associated with invasion of gastric carcinoma and lymph node metastasis. High expression of CD44 presents poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate clinical efficacy and safety of breviscapine combined with vinpocetine in the treatment of acute cerebral infraction. METHODS:A total of 80 patients with acute cerebral infraction were selected from our hospital during Jan. 2014-Dec. 2015,and then divided into observation group and control group according to random number table,with 40 cases in each group. Control group was given Vinpocetine injection 20 mL+0.9％ Sodium chloride injection 250 mL,ivgtt,qd. Observa-tion group was additionally given Breviscapine injection 20 mL+5％ Glucose injection 250 mL,ivgtt,qd,at intervals of 2-3 h on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks. Clinical efficacies as well as serum copeptin,NT-proBNP,albu-min cobalt binding(ACB)value,European stroke scale(ESS)and functional independence measurement(FIM)score before and after treatment were observed in 2 groups,and the occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:Total response rate of observation group(90.0％)was significantly higher than that of control group(67.5％),with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treat-ment,there was no statistical significance in serum peptide,NT-proBNP,ACB value,ESS or FIM score between 2 groups (P>0.05). After treatment,serum copeptin and NT-proBNP levels of 2 groups were decreased significantly,while ACB value,ESS and FIM score were increased significantly;the improvement of observation group was significantly better than that of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Breviscapine combined with vinpocetine can improve neurological function of acute cerebral infraction patients and show good therapeutic efficacy with good safety.

Objecfive To explore pathological mechanism and treatment of central hyponatrem-ia. Methods Synchronous assay was made to detect changes of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),endogenous digitalis-like substance(EDLS),antideuretic hormone (ADH),Na+ concentrations in blood and urine as well as osmotic pressure of plasma and urine in 68 pa-tients with traumatic brain injury(TBI). Results Of all,there were 27 patients with hyponatremia,mostly in patients with severe or critical TBI.There found syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidi-uretic hormone(SIADH)in 7 patients and cerebral salt wasting syndrome(CSWS)in 20. Conclu-sions The central hyponatremia in patients with TBI may be related to the increased secretion of EDLS and ADH.The decrease of ANP and BNP in blood has no direct effect on Na+ concentration in blood.In-travenous injection of extrinsic thyrotropin releasing hormone(TRH)may inhibit dilutional hyponatremia resulted from increased secretion of ADH in TBI patients.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to promote osteoblast differentiation.

METHODSDifferent concentrations of CGRP (0, 10, 30, 100 ng · mL⁻¹) were added to mouse osteoblasts in vitro. The mRNA and protein expression levels of both NLRP3 and IL-1β were examined using Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Moreover, the concentrations of IL-1β protein and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The osteogenic differentiation of mouse osteoblasts was identified through alizarin red staining.

RESULTSThe protein and mRNA expression levels of both NLRP3 and IL-1β significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing CGRP concentration. Moreover, the contents of intracellular ROS gradually decreased (P<0.05). The osteogenic differentiation of the osteoblasts was more enhanced in the group treated with 100 ng · mL⁻¹ CGRP than in the empty group (0 ng · mL⁻¹ CGRP).

CONCLUSIONCGRP promotes osteoblast differentiation by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Calcitonin ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; Cell Differentiation ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Interleukin-1beta ; Mice ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein ; NLR Proteins ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; RNA, Messenger ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Three kinds of biomedical materials of stomatology were introduced,including metal materials,polymers and non-metal bio composites.The literatures related to stomatology biomedical materials from 2008 to 2015 were collected in PubMed medical literature retrieval service system,and then statistical method was used to analyze the literature number,the numbers of literatures on different materials as well as the nations distribution.Composite,intelligent and functional materials were pointed out to be taking the place of metal materials,and thus might extend their clinical application in the future.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the contents and importance of clinical pharmaceutical care.METHODS:Our experiences in carrying out clinical pharmaceutical care in our hospital were analyzed through exemplification.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Clinical pharmaceutical care can help improve the medical quality and reduce medical risks.Pharmacist system should be established in hospital to support the work of clinical pharmacists.

[Objective] To analyze the image findings of MR enterography (MRE) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in Crohn disease (CD) and to discuss the diagnostic value of MRI for evaluating the activity of CD.[Methods] 26 patients proved by clinical,imaging and pathological data were enrolled in this study.The intra-/extra-intestinal image features of CD were retrospectively analyzed,and the intestinal lesions were evaluated by MRE+DWI scoring system.The differences in image features of active and inactive CD were compared.[Results] 26 bowel segments were evaluated and included active (n =20) and inactive CD (n =6).The intestinal performance of CD included wall thickening,T2WI hyperintensity and hyperenhancement.The pathological changes of active CD were more serious when comparing with that of inactive CD.DWI showed hyperintensity in the affected bowel wall.ADC of active C D [(0.9 ± 0.2) × 10-3 mm2/s] was significantly lower than that of inactive CD [(1.5 ± 0.4)× 10-3 mm2/s] (P ＜ 0.001).Extra-enteric performance of active CD included comb sign,lymphadenectasis of mesentery,mesenteric exudation,fistula and abdominal abscess.[Conclusion] MRE combined with DWI can accurately assess CD activity and diagnose extra-enteric complications.

Objective To synthesize the hydrophobic supraparamagnetic ironic oxide(SPIO) loaded and hydrophilic SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicles and to investigate the feasibility of using hydrophobic SPIO loaded and hydrophilic SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicles to display the tumor in MRI in vivo through animal experiments. Methods The polymeric nano-vesicles were prepared from poly (D, L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) by a multiple emulsion/solvent evaporation method.The hydrophobic SPIO and hydrophilic SPIO were loaded in the polymeric nano-vesicles respectively.Eighteen nude mice models with human colorectal carcinoma xenograft were established. They were divided equally into three groups (n = 6). The three groups of nude mice models were injected with water-soluble SPIO, hydrophobic SPIO loaded and hydrophilic SPIO loaded vesicle via the mice caudal vein respectively.Dynamic MRI scan were performed in all the mice models. T2WI signal intensity and T2 relaxation time were measured in the tumor, liver and muscle by using T2 mapping software. ANOVA of repeated measurement was used to analyze if there were significant differences of signal intensity changes among the three groups, while Bonferroni method was used for pair-wise comparison. Results On T2 WI, tumors showed decrease in signal intensity after hydrophobic or hydrophilic SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicle injection, while no signal intensity decrease was found in the tumor after water-soluble SPIO administration. The maximum percentage of signal intensity decrease in tumor caused by hydrophobic SPIO loaded and hydrophilic SPIO loaded vesicle were 11.00%, 11.40%, respectively. There was statistical significant difference of signal intensity changes among these three groups (F = 10. 96, P ＜ 0. 01). The decrease in signal intensity in the groups with hydrophilic or hydrophobic SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicles injection were more pronounced as compared with that of water-soluble SPIO (P ＜ 0. 05), but there was no significant difference in signal intensity decrease between the groups of hydrophilic and hydrophobic SPIO-loaded polymeric vesicles injection (P ＞0. 05). The three agents could lead to signal intensity decrease in the liver. The maximum percentage of signal intensity decrease in liver caused by water-soluble SPIO, hydrophobic SPIO loaded and hydrophilic SPIO loaded vesicle were 32. 85%, 52. 77%, 56. 89%, respectively. There was statistical significant difference between these groups (F = 161.18, P ＜ 0. 01) . The groups of injecting hydrophilic and hydrophobic SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicles had the more obvious signal decrease than the one with water-soluble SPIO (P ＜ 0. 01). Hydrophilic SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicles exhibited more signal intensity decrease than hydrophobic SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicles (P ＜ 0. 01). All three agents could not lead to T2WI signal decrease in the muscle, and there was no significant difference in signal change on T2 WI among three groups (F = 0. 59, P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicles can cause significant T2WI signal loss in human colonic carcinoma on MR imaging in vivo. It can be used as tumor imaging contrast agents.

Objective To discover radioresistance associated molecular biomarkers and its mechanism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by protein-protein interaction network analysis.Methods Whole genome expression microarray was applied to screen out differentially expressed genes in two cell lines CNE- 2R and CNE-2 with different radiosensitivity.Four differentially expressed genes were randomly selected for further verification by the semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis with self-designed primers. The common differentially expressed genes from two experiments were analyzed with the SNOW online database in order to find out the central node related to the biomarkers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma radioresistance. The expression of STAT1 in CNE-2R and CNE-2 cells was measured by Western blot.Results Compared with CNE-2 cells,374 genes in CNE-2R cells were differentially expressed while 197 genes showed significant differences.Four randomly selected differentially expressed genes were verified by RT-PCR and had same change trend in consistent with the results of chip assay. Analysis with the SNOW database demonstrated that those 197 genes could form a complicated interaction network where STAT1 and JUN might be two key nodes.Indeed,the STAT1-α expression in CNE-2R was higher than that in CNE-2 (t =4.96,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The key nodes of STAT1 and JUN may be the molecular biomarkers leading to radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and STAT1-α might have close relationship with radioresistance.

[Objective] To measure the diameter of the superior rectal vein (SRV) & theinferior mesenteric vein (IMV) by CT and analyze their relationship with lymphatic metastasis of rectal carcinoma.And to discuss the feasibility of utilizing SRV to prcdict lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer.[Methods] The CT imaging and pathological data of 105 rectal carcinoma patients were analyzed retrospectively.We measured and compared the diameter of every patient's SRV & IMV by CT in the presence and absence of microvascular tumor thrombus,signet ring cell,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.The accuracy of predicting lymph node metastasis for rectal carcinoma by the diameter of SRV were evaluated by ROC curve.[Results] There were statistical differences in the diameters of SRV and IMV between rectal cancer group with lymph node metastasis (D =4.34 mm,D =5.00 mm) and without (D =3.56 mm,D =4.81 mm;P ＜ 0.001,P =0.023).The differences were significant in the diameter of SRV between rectal cancer group with microvascular tumor thrombus or signet ring cell and without (P =0.019,P =0.044).However,the diameter of IMV showed no statistical difference between rectal cancer group with microvascular tumor thrombus or signet ring cell and without (P =0.605,P =0.663).And there was no statistical difference in the diameter of SRV or IMV between rectal cancer patients with distant metastasis and without (P ＞ 0.05).Regarding 3.75 mm as the cut-off value for the diameter of SRV to predict lymph node metastasis for rectal cancer patients,the sensitivity was 90.9％ and the specificity was 82.0％.Regarding 4.65 mm as the cut-off value for the diameter of IMV to predict lymph node metastasis for rectal cancer patients,the sensitivity was 87.3％ and the specificity was 38％.[Conclusions] It is completely feasible to utilize the diameter of SRV measured by CT to predict lymph node metastasis of rectal carcinoma with high sensitivity,accuracy,and relatively high specificity.