Objective To discuss the changes of quality of life and influence factors in patients with multidrugresistant pulmonary tuber-culosis. Methods Using the SF-36 scale of 80 normal subjects and 80 cases of MDRTB patients before and after treatment and quality of life score total score evaluated dimensions. Results Between the patients with MDR-TB and the control in the total Qol scores and eight dimensionality, there were significant differences(P＜0.01), total Qol scores and eight dimensionality in 3 months or 1 year after treatment were higher than before therapy,there were significant differences(P＜0.01 ). Between 1 year after therapy in the total Qol scores and PF, PR, GH, VT, SF, ER, MH, dimensionality were lower than control groups, there were significant differences(P＜0.05 ). The main factors affecting the Qol of patients with MDR-TB were cultural level, kinds of drug resistant and reduction of counts of white blood cell. Conclusion The correlation between quality of life and education, the number of drug resistance, reduction of white blood cell in patients with multi-drugresistant pulmonary tuberculosis.

A number of medications have been proved to be able to either improve the antitumor effect of chemotherapeutics and molecular targeted drugs or reverse the resistance of tumors to chemotherapeutics and molecular targeted drugs,which are not traditionally used as anticancer drugs.Especially for late-stage tumors after multiple treatments,these agents are good alternatives when used independently or in combination with chemotherapeutics and molecular targeted drugs.These drugs include proton modulators,hypoglycemic agents and cardiovascular agents,etc.

With the rapid development of tumor immunotherapy in recent years, therapeutic cancer vaccines are attracting increased attention. Compared with personalized neoantigen vaccines, in situ vaccines could form an antigen reservoir in the tumor itself. Subsequently, antitumor immunity is initiated and the response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors of some patients improve without necessitating these patients to undergo the complicated procedures of detecting personalized antigen and customizing and synthesizing antigen peptide. At this stage, the potential of realizing the clinical translation of in situ vaccination is tremendous. In this review, we primarily introduce the mechanisms of radiotherapy and intratumoral immune injection as in situ vaccination and discuss the current status of preclinical study and clinical application of their combination to attract more attention from researchers and clinicians toward in situ vaccination.

Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of time of postoperative strict bed rest shorten to one hour among patients with CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy.Methods From July 2016 to June 2017,we selected 140 patients with CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy of cancer center at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital,the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School,by convenience sampling.All of the patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,70 cases in each group.Patients of observation group kept strict bed rest for one hour and those of control group for six hours by the routine.We compared the incidence of complication and patients' comfort between two groups after surgery using t test and χ2test.Results The total of 140 patients were treated with biopsy successfully without chest infection and asphyxia after surgery.There was no statistical difference in the incidences of pneumothorax and bleeding of patients between two groups (χ2=0.341,0.119;P＞0.05);the comfort of observation group was superior to that of control group six hours after biopsy with a significant difference (t=9.683,P＜0.01).Conclusions The time of postoperative strict bed rest shorten to one hour among patients with CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy does not increase the incidence of complications after surgery and makes patients feel more comfortable.

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a highly heterogeneous group of malignant tumors originating from mesenchymal tissues. The most common sites of STS are limbs (45%), viscera (21%) and retroperitoneum (17%). The incidence of head and neck soft tissue sarcomas (HNSTS) is the lowest (5%) compared with other areas of the body. Due to numerous functional organs and delicate and complex anatomical structures of the head and neck, it is often difficult to perform radical surgical treatment. Therefore, radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of HNSTS. Due to its low incidence, radiotherapy for HNSTS has been rarely studied and captivated little attention. In this article, the present situation and clinical evidence of radiotherapy for HNSTS were summarized, aiming to provide reference for clinical practice.

Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is an important obstacle to tumor immunotherapy.Therefore,improving tumor microenvironment to enhance immune response is the key to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.Based on the basic principle of immunology that the body has a strong response to"foreign"antigens and a weak response to preexisting antigens,pathogen infection can be combined with innate immune-related receptors to enhance the anti-tumor immune response.Pathogen vaccines can induce a"hot"tumor microenvironment with stronger antigen presentation and T lymphocyte activation,showing higher response to immunotherapy and having better security.In this review,we summarized the related studies on pathogen vaccine enhancing tumor immune response,including mixed bacterial vaccine,BCG vaccine,OK-432,synthetic vaccines based on tetanus toxin,modified vaccinia virus,influenza vaccine,Epstein-Barr virus and COVID-19 vaccine.The feasibility,application prospect and challenge of pathogen vaccine in tumor immunotherapy were discussed.

Tumor immunotherapeutics include immune checkpoint inhibitors,adoptive cellular therapy,tumor vaccines,immunomodulators,which regulate or induce anti-tumor activity by blocking immunosuppressive signals,infusing in vitro-induced anti-tumor effector cells,and enhancing the immunogenicity of tumor cells in the fight against cancer.The effect mechanisms of tumor immunotherapy is different from that of other tumor therapeutic approaches,such as surgery and chemotherapy.Therefore,in the evaluation of anti-tumor efficacy,the use of conventional imaging methods to detect the volume change of tumor lesions shows special response patterns such as"false progression"and"superprogression",which cannot timely and accurately evaluate the objective efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.This review is an attempt to focus on those challenges in evaluating immunotherapy efficacy and the latest developments of relevant evaluation criteria,and is aimed at providing reference for the scientific evaluation of tumor immunotherapy efficacy and the selection of appropriate immunotherapy strategies for tumor patients.

Ewing sarcoma(EWS)is an invasive and primary bone tumor with a high incidence in children and adolescents.The presence and extent of metastases at the time of diagnosis remains the most important prognostic factor in determining a patient's prognosis.Up now,considerable ambiguity exists regarding the optimal modality for detecting bone marrow metastases.Bone marrow biopsy and/or aspiration(BMBA)is the gold standard for determining bone marrow metastases.This invasive and painful procedure may be amenable to being replaced by 18F-FDG PET/CT because of its high sensitivity in detecting EWS bone and extraosseous metastases.This review provides an overview of the current literature,concludes that there is no longer a systematic consensus on the implementation of BMAB criteria for the diagnosis of bone marrow metastases in EWS,and summarizes the current practical strategies and clinical practices for the diagnosis of EWS bone marrow metastases accordingly.

Chemoradiation has been the standard treatment of stage Ⅲ unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for a long period of time. However, the clinical efficacy of chemoradiation has not been significantly improved in recent two decades. In the past 2-3 years, the role of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic NSCLC has been persistently strengthened. Moreover, the synergistic effect between radiotherapy and immune-checkpoint blockade has been conformed in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that the combination of radiotherapy and immune-checkpoint blockade has been proven to be more effective in the treatment of stage Ⅲ unresectable NSCLC. In this article, the latest clinical studies since 2017 regarding the application value of this combined treatment of stage Ⅲ unresectable NSCLC were summarized.

[摘 要] 目的：评估放疗作为原位疫苗的联合治疗模式在晚期软组织肉瘤（STS）患者中的有效性和安全性。方法：回顾性分析2020年12月至2024年9月期间在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院肿瘤中心接受联合治疗模式的12例晚期STS患者的临床资料。12例患者均接受了联合治疗。放疗主要以大分割为主。靶向治疗：安罗替尼10例、阿帕替尼2例。免疫治疗以PD-1抗体为主。主要研究终点为疾病控制率（DCR），次要研究终点为客观有效率（ORR）及安全性。结果：接受联合治疗的12例STS患者中有0例CR，4例PR，7例SD，1例PD。ORR为33%，DCR为91.7%，其中靶病灶的DCR为100%。12例患者中，9例出现Ⅰ~Ⅱ级不良反应。最常发生的血液学不良反应是贫血（6例）、肝功能检查结果异常（3例）。最常发生的非血液学不良反应是尿蛋白（5例）、高血压（4例）、甲状腺功能异常（3例）、厌食（3例）、恶心呕吐（2例）；仅2例发生Ⅲ级血液毒性，有1例发生Ⅲ级气胸。结论：放疗作为原位疫苗的联合治疗模式在晚期STS患者中展现出较高的DCR，且未出现严重不良反应。该联合治疗模式具有良好的有效性与安全性。