CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40-CD40L) cross-linking,an important cell signaling transduction pathway in immune response,is involved in the regulation of cellular and humoral immune.CD40-CD40L signaling pathway abnormalities can lead to immune system disorders and incur immune pathological reaction.A variety of common pediatric diseases,such as immunodeficiency diseases,inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases,are associated with CD40-CD40L signaling transduction pathway abnormalities.The relationship between CD40-CD40L and the above-mentioned diseases is of clinical significance.

Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis,anti-angiogenic therapy is becoming the center point in tumor therapy,endostatin is a recently discovered endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis.Endostatin can specifically target endothelial cells,inhibiting proliferation and migration and inducting apoptosis.This review describes the mechanism of endostatin in inhibiting angiogenesis,induction of apoptosis in tumor cells and clinical trials.

Professor LAI Xinsheng's treatment experience of infertility mainly by Tongyuan needling technique for both females and males is summarized. Tongyuan needling technique is a treatment method of leading qi to its primordial location mainly through viscera back-shu points that can dredge the governor vessel and tonify the spirit and conception vessel points in abdomen and abdominal front-mu points, and according to state of illness acupoints for opening the 4 gates or five shu points are combined; reinforcing and reducing manipulations of acupuncture are applied for reference. With the method of listing cases, professor LAI Xinsheng's Tongyuan needling technique is detailedly introduced in different aspects, such as the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome infertility and male infertility and improving the success rate of test-tube baby, and the manipulation of Tongyuan needling technique is summarized, indicating that Tongyuan needling technique is worth vigorously prompting in clinical treatment of infertility.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility ; Male ; Meridians

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder,and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.Accumulated evidences in AD research suggest that alterations in the microRNA (miRNA) network could contribute to risk for the disease.As the second discovered miRNA,Let-7 has an important effect on cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,immune response,tumorigenesis,metastasis,and so on.We review in this article the role of Let-7 family in the pathogenesis of AD to provide a strong basis for future research aimed at understanding the potential contribution of miRNAs to AD pathophysiology.

Objective To investigate the effect of drugs in combination with rehabilitative training on motor function and the expression of survivin in the ischemic penumbra after focal cerebral ischemia.Methods One hundred and twenty male,adult,Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)by suturing.Ninety-six of them were then randomly divided into a control group,a drug group,a rehabilitative trainiug group,and a drugs in combination with rehabilitative training group,with 24 in each.For three days the rats in the control group received no treatment,while those in the drug group received 500 mg/kg of citicoline daily,those in the rehabilitative training group received motor training including balancing,grasping,rotating and walking exercises,aud those in the drug and rehabilitative training group received both citicoline and the motor training.Behavioral tests were administered to all groups,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of survivin in the ischemic penumbra.Results Average behavior scores in the drug group and the control group were not significantly different at day 7,14 or 21 after the MCAO.Average behavior scores in the rehabilitative training and drug in combination with rehabilitative training groups were significantly superior to those of the control and drug groups at day 14 and 21.At those time points the average scores in the drug in combination with rehabilitative training group were also significantly better than those of the rehabilitation training group.Compared with control group,at the 7th,14th and 21st day after MCAO,expression of survivin in the other three groups had increased significantly.Expression of survivin in the group where drug treatment was combined with rehabilitative training was significantly greater than in the drug and rehabilitative training groups.Conclusions Citicoline in combination with rehabilitative training can improve the recovery of motor function in rats significantly better than the other approaches.This might be partially attributed to the up-regulation of survivin expression in the peri-ischemic cortex.

Objective To study the predictive value of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) in the improvement of survival rate in patients with severe sepsis.Methods There was a prospective case-control study in 50 patients with severe sepsis from October 2014 to October 2015.According to the international guidelines for severe sepsis and septic shock set in 2012,all patients were divided into sepsis group (n =16),severe sepsis group (n =14) and septic shock group (n =20),and these patients were further divided into to survival group (n =22) and non-survival group (n =28) as per patients surviving within 28 days.Gender,age,ethnic,and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score (APACHE Ⅱ) were recorded.H-FABP,B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP),creatine kinase (CK),creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB),and troponin-T (cTn-T) were determined within 6 hours after admission.The statistical software SPSS21.0 was used to do t test,test,and the receiver operating characteristic curve for comparison between groups.Results H-FABP in septic shock group was higher than severe sepsis group and sepsis group (P ＜ 0.01).The 28-day mortality of septic group (80％) and severe sepsis group (71.4％) were higher than sepsis group (12.5％) (P ＜ 0.01).Non-survival' s H-FABP,BNP,cTn-T,CK,CKMB was higher than survivals (P ＜ 0.05).Through the ROC of H-FABP (AUC=0.748,P=0.003,95％ C I:0.605-0.890) and BNP (AUC =0.714,P=0.010,95％ CI:0.573-0.856),it shows that H-FABP is better than BNP.when H-FABP take 9.902 ng/mL,the sensitivity of 82.1％,specificity of 63.6％.H-FABP,BNP has a certain value in 28-day mortality prediction.Conclusions Sepsis shock has significantly higher 28-day mortality than sepsis and severe sepsis.Compared with BNP,H-FABP has greater predictive value in sepsis patients,it will increase along with the aggravation of the disease;it can also predict 28-day mortality.

OBJECTIVETo clarify the related factors of marginal bone loss (MBL) around tissue level implants in the posterior part of the mandible.

METHODSA total of 116 tissue level implants were implanted in the mandibular posterior region of 76 patients. Patients' information, including general characteristics, implant characteristics, implant site characteristics, and prosthesis characteristics, was recorded. Their cone beam computed tomography data were measured immediately after implant placement, 3 months later, and 3 and 12 months after prosthesis loading. The measurement of MBL was conducted by One Volume Viewer software. SPSS 20.0 was used for statistic analysis.

RESULTSSmoking, cortical bone thickness (CBT), collum angle (CA), and implant local sanitation showed significant differences with body mass loss (P<0.05). No significant differences were found among sex, age, length of implant, diameter of implants, implant systems, bone height, prosthesis type, and MBL (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe risk factors that caused MBL were smoking, thicker CBT, larger CA, and poor implant local sanitation. Among them, poor implant local sanitation had the highest correlation with MBL.

Alveolar Bone Loss ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dental Implants ; adverse effects ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mandibular Prosthesis ; statistics & numerical data ; Oral Hygiene ; Postoperative Complications ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome

Retrieval of ancient DNA (aDNA) sequences from organism remains provide direct view of their evolutionary history. However, researches on aDNA have suffered from lots of technical problems. Specifically, discredited sequences were generated from damaged aDNA templates, and expensive and time-consuming methods were employed. Here, a method which could recover the endogenous aDNA as well as to reduce the cost and research period is described. This is achieved by improving the ancient DNA extraction method of isopropanol precipitation, and reevaluating the method of PCR after N-glycosylase (UNG) treatment, which could remove the damaged DNA from the aDNA extract. The efficiency of these methods were tested by comparing with traditional methods using ancient specimens of pig teeth aged between 4 300 years before present (BP) and 3 900 BP. The results showed that: firstly, the extraction efficiency of the improved method of isopropanol precipitation and current method with silica-based spin column were all 60%. Furthermore, the research period at least could be reduced by half with the application of the improved methods and the cost to 1/10 of the current method. Secondly, sequences obtained through the method of PCR after UNG treatment were 100% authentic. In contrast, 66%～ 88% sequences were authentic based on the results obtained with the method of multiple PCRs without UNG treatment. And the research cost and period needed by the method with UNG treatment were only half of the later one. These results demonstrate that the improved extraction method of isopropanol precipitation combined with the method of PCR after UNG treatment could increase the success rate of authentic DNA amplified and at least reduce the research cost and period by half. Therefore, this method can be applied in the large-scale detection of ancient specimens.

Objective To analyze the clinical distribution and drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) isolated from the samples to provide the guidance for the clinician′s medication .Methods The VITEC‐2 Compact system automatic bacterial i‐dentification and drug susceptibility analyzer was adopted to identify the isolated bacteria and conduct the drug sensitivity test ,the data were processed by the WHONET 5 .6 software .The PAE detection situation from the submitted specimens ,source and drug resistance were performed the retrospective analysis .Results The detected PAE strains were mainly isolated from the lower respir‐atory tract specimens ,accounting for 85 % of the submitted specimens ;the resistance rate to aztreonam ,amikacin ,ciprofloxacin , meropenem ,piperacillin/tazobactam ,piperacillin ,gentamicin ,cefepime ,ceftazidime ,tobramycin ,imipenem and levofloxacin showed the declining trend year by year .Except the resistant rate of aztreonam was 28 .2% in 2013 ,which of other antibiotics were at about 10% .Conclusion PAE infection is mainly in the respiratory tract ,its rug resistances should be timely and reasonably monitored to provide the basis for clinical medication .

Objective To analyze the whole genomic DNA methylation level and estrogen receptor α (ERα) gene promoter methylation status in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with atherosclerosis (AS) in model mouse,and to explore its role in the pathogenesis of SLE with AS.Methods Eleven apoE-/-C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the model group (SLE+AS group) and the control group (AS group).Eleven wild C57BL/6 mice were also randomly divided into the model group (SLE group) and the control group (blank group).Single intraperitoneal injection of pristane 0.5 ml for the model group,single intraperitoneal injection of normal saline 0.5 ml for the control group.Eight months after injection,all mice were sacrificed,genomic DNA was extracted from spleen.The total genomic DNA methylation level was detected,and pyrosequencing was performed to determine the methylation status of ERα gene promoter.The differences between groups were compared.ANOVA,LSD-t test,Tamhane's T2 test were used for statistical analysis.Results The total genomic DNA methylation levels were (4.7±1.5)％,(5.1±0.5)％,(6.6±1.6)％,(7.5±1.6)％ respectively in the SLE+AS group,AS group,SLE group,blank group respectively,the average methylation indices of ERα gene promoter were (13.0±3.1)％,(26.7±7.2)％,(15.7±3.8)％ and (21.4±4.2)％ respectively.The total genomic DNA methylation level and the average methylation index of ERα gene promoter in the SLE+AS group and the SLE group was significantly lower than that of the blank group (P＜0.05).Compared with the AS group,the total genomic DNA methylation levels and the average methylation index of ERα gene promoter in the SLE+AS group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion The total genomic DNAs and the ERα gene promoters in SLE with AS model mouse are in low-methylation status.The results of this study suggest that epigenetics may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE with AS.