Chronic atrophic gastritis is a common and intractable disease of digestive in clinical. Chinese medicine is an important treatment method of this disease. It is said in Yellow Emperor that you must know the reason to seize the key. So explore the pathogenesis of the disease is the key to understanding the disease and the premise of Chinese medicine treatment of disease in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, many medical literature for chronic atrophic gastritis were reported. This article focuses on organizing the etiology and pathogenesis of the research literatures to comprehensively analyze the formation mechanism of the disease, and lay a solid foundation for further effective treatment search.

Objective: To learn the level of resilience among community health emergency staff in Zhejiang Province and its influencing factors under the epidemic situation of coronavirus disease 2019. Methods: Using stratified cluster sampling method, the community health emergency workers from six counties in Zhejiang Province were recruited in this study. A self-designed questionnaire, a scale for core emergency response capability of medical workers and 10 Items Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale ( CD-RISC-10 ) were employed. The multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for resilience. Results: A total of 749 people were surveyed, with 699 valid questionnaires ( effective rate 93.32% ). Among the 699 community health emergency staffs, the total scores of resistance and core emergency response capability were 34.97±7.95 and 118.38±27.60. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that core emergency response capability ( β＇=0.410 ), education background (diploma: β＇=0.158; bachelor: β＇=0.196), position ( top: β＇=0.083 ) and self-rated physical fitness ( not qualified: β＇=-0.152; less qualified: β＇=-0.235; generally qualified: β＇=-0.219; more qualified: β＇=-0.107 ) were the influencing factors for resilience of community health emergency staff. Conclusion The resilience of community health emergency staff in Zhejiang Province is at a medium level, and is associated with education background, physical fitnes and position.

Objective To assess the frequency and significance of maternal cell contamination (MCC)in the invasive prenatal diagnosis,and to analysis the MCC effect on prenatal diagnosis results.Methods Totally 519 amniotic fluid samples from second trimester pregnancy,57 chorionic villus samples from first trimester pregnancy,and 576 blood samples from corresponded pregnant women were collected and genotyped by Promega PowerPlex 16 system.MCC was determined according to the genotyping results.Karyotypic and molecular diagnosis results were contrasted between MCC and non-MCC specimen of the same fetal.Results MCC presented in 3.1％(16/519)uncultured amniotic fluid,1.3％(7/519)cultured amniotic fluid and 5％(3/57)villi specimens.In the study of fetal karyotype,MCC had no significant effect on normal female fetus;but for male fetus and abnormal female fetus,there were risk of erroneous results of mosaics.As to molecular diagnosis,MCC resulted in more complex effects for the different diagnostic methods.And 10％ MCC had led to misdiagnosis.Conclusions For the prenatal cytogenetic tests,MCC should be excluded when there were mosaicism karyotype results or suspicious MCC of chorionic villi samples.The effects of MCC had more seriously impact on prenatal molecular testing,which suggesting the recommend regular identity test for MCC should bc carried out.

Objective To evaluate the repeated dose toxicity of MNT-016 in SD rats and to provide reference for toxicity evaluation.Methods MNT-016 was administered to rats at 5, 20 and 80 mg/kg for 90 days.The toxic effects on the animals were evaluated by observing the clinical signs and measuring the body weight, hematology and blood biochemistry as well as histopathological examination.NOAEL and benchmark dose lower confidence limit(BMDL) were observed by the end point of toxicity.Results Compared with the control group, the AST, TBIL, DBIL and Crea of male rats were increased in a dose-dependent manner, while TG and CHOL decreased.The body mass(before anatomy), heart, liver, thymus, epididymis of male rats in 80 mg/kg group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while absolute organ mass of the heart and lung was increased.The body mass (before anatomy) and thymus of female rats in 80 mg/kg group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while absolute organ mass of lungs was increased.Vacuolation of hepatocytes was observed in groups each dose, tubule atrophy was found in the kidneys of 20 and 5 mg/kg groups, and tubule basophilia was observed in 80 mg/kg group.The incidence of the above lesions was higher in male animals than in female ones.Conclusion The NOAEL of MNT-016 is lower than 5 mg/kg in male rats and 5 mg/kg in female rats.BMDL value is 2.65 mg/kg in male animals and more accurate than NOAEL, and is 9.04 mg/kg in female animals,which is slightly larger than the corresponding NOAEL.

Objective To explore the mutations of EDA gene in 2 X - linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dyspla-sia(XLHED)pedigrees,and provide clues for the XLHED diagnosis,genetic counseling and treatment. Methods Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were used to analyze the coding sequences and their flanking sequences of the EDA gene in the patients,suspicious carriers,normal family members in 2 families and non - relative control sam-ples. Results In family 1,mutation c. 659 676del18,namely p. 220 225del(Gly - X - Y)6 which was located in (Gly - X - Y)19 collagen - like repeat domain,was found in the proband and other patient's EDA gene. In family 2,an insertion c. 118 - 119insT was found in the intracellular domain,which induces reading frame alteration from the 40th a-mino acid. The mutations found in the 2 families were consistent with the principle of mutation and phenotype co - sepa-ration,but these mutations were not found in the normal control samples. EDA gene analysis of fetal amniotic fluid sam-ple from Ⅲ - 1 in the family 1 was not found to have the same mutation as the proband,and the follow - up after birth proved normal for the baby. Conclusions EDA gene c. 118 - 119insT mutation found in the research is a novel muta-tion. Sequence analysis of EDA gene is an efficient method in XLHED diagnosis,and is beneficial for the genetic coun-seling and the genetic intervention of the disease in the affected families.

The purpose of risk assessment is to evaluate the permissible exposure level under specific risk factors.To extrapolate the human acceptable daily intake (ADI) and/or reference dose (RfD), the traditional method uses the no-observed-adverse-effect level ( NOAEL ) to quantify toxicity after being divided by uncertainty factor.There are many limitations with NOAEL method in safety evaluation,for it relies too much on experimental design.Benchmark dose ( BMD) approach is a more reliable method with many advantages.BMD approach and its analysis software, the advantages of BMD over NOAEL, the application and methodological perfection in risk assessment of long-team exposure toxicity are presented in this review.

Objective:To summarize the diagnosis features of the prenatal genetic diagnosis of fetal renal cystic disease and to explore the clinical feasibility and significance of prenatal genetic diagnosis of congenital cystic nephrosis.Methods:A total of 25 fetuses with congenital renal cystic disease were examined via invasive prenatal diagnosis in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from June 2017 to September 2019. Amniotic fluid samples were extracted by amniocentesis. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) were performed in 17 cases. In addition to CMA, the other 8 cases were analyzed by G-band karyotype. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 6 cases which got normal results by CMA and karyotype, and highly suspected as hereditary disease.Results:Of the 25 fetuses assessed, 4 cases (16.0%) pathogenic copy number variation (pCNV) were found, including 2 cases of 17q12 deletion, 1 case of 10p15.1p14 deletion and 1 case of 4q21.28q22.1 deletion(including PKD2 gene). There were 8 cases without chromosome abnormality by karyotype analysis. Six clinical WES analysis found NPHS1 gene c.1440+1 G>A and c.925G > T mutations were related to Finnish type congenital nephrotic syndrome in 1 case, PKD1 gene c.6878C>T mutation was related to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in 1 case, and there was no definitive mutation in 4 cases. Conclusions:CMA and next generation sequencing are powerful tools for accurate diagnosis, treatment and genetic counseling of fetal congenital renal cystic diseases. For congenital cystic nephropathy, genetic detection is helpful to clarify the etiology, and provide more exactly informations for prognosis evaluation, treatment and family genetic counseling.

Objective To investigate the association between multi-drug resistant 1 (MDR1) gene C3435T and T129C polymorphism with refractory epilepsy in children. Methods A total of 260 children including 60 refractory epilepsy, 100 drug-responsive epilepsy, and 100 healthy children were enrolled. The genotypes for MDR1 polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.The distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of the three groups were compared. Results The distribution of TT/TC/CC genotypes and T/C allele frequencies of C3435T showed no signiifcant difference between drug-resistant patients and drug-responsive patients or normal control group (P>0.05). Drug-resistant patients were more likely to have the TC genotype and the C allele at T129C when compared with the drug-responsive patients and the normal control group (P<0.05). Conclusions T129C polymorphism of the MDR1 gene was associated with refractory epilepsy in children.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) and sequential boost (SB) using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT),and investigate the long-term clinical efficacy and adverse events of SIB-IMRT in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of esophageal cancer.Methods Clinical data of 330 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer undergoing radical chemoradiotherapy in Fourth Hospital of Hebei University from January 2006 to December 2015 were respectively analyzed.All patients were assigned into the SIB-IMRT (n=135) and SB-IMRT groups (n=195).All patients received definitive radiotherapy with elective nodal irradiation (ENI).After the propensity score matching (PSM),105 patients were enrolled in each group.Kaplan-Meier method was used to survival analysis.Cox model was used to multivariate prognostic analysis.Results Prior to PSM,the 1-,3-and 5-year local control rates were 80.1％,58.3％,46.7％ and 72.1％,44.9％,40.5％ in the SIB-IMRT and SB-IMRT groups (P=0.050),and the 1-,3-and 5-year OS rates were 81.4％,51.9％,43.5％ and 80.5％,37.9％,22.3％(P=0.014),respectively.After the PSM,the 1-,3-and 5-year LC rates were 80.2％,54.2％,43.9％ and 75.5％,47.2％,41.2％ (P=0.264),and the 1-,3-and 5-year OS rates were 78.9％,49.0％,40.8％ and 83.3％,41.7％,24.8％ (P=0.265),respectively.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that TNM staging was an independent prognostic factor in the SIB-IMRT group,whereas TNM staging and chemotherapy served as the independent prognostic factors in the SB-IMRT group.Stratified analysis revealed that the LC rate in the SIB-IMRT was significantly higher than that in the SB-IMRT group when radiotherapy alone was performed (P =0.018).The OS rate in the SIB-IMRT group was equally higher compared with that in the SBIMRT group.Conclusions The LC and OS rates are almost identical after SB-IMRT and SIB-IMRT in the treatment of esophageal cancer,whereas the prognostic survival in the SIB-IMRT group is significantly longer compared with that in the SB-IMRT group during radiotherapy alone.The findings remain to be validated by multi-center investigations with a large sample size.

OBJECTIVETo explore whether hepatitis C virus core protein (HCV C) regulates the expression of NFAT1 to participate in the progression and malignant biological behavior of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells.

METHODSThe recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N(3)-HCV C and the empty vector pEGFP-N(3) were cotransfected with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) into RBE cells using liposome. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to examine the expression of NFAT1 mRNA and protein in the transfected RBE cells. MTT assay was used to evaluate the changes in the cell proliferation, and the cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSHCV C transfection significantly enhanced the expressions of NFAT1 mRNA and protein in RBE cells (P<0.05) and promoted the progression of cell cycle into G(2)/M phase to accelerate the cell proliferation.

CONCLUSIONTransfection with HCV C gene up-regulates NFAT1 expression and promotes the cell cycle progression and proliferation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells, suggesting the involvement of HCV C in the progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Bile Duct Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; pathology ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Transfection ; Viral Core Proteins ; genetics