Asthma is a chronic airway inflammation involved by a variety of cells.Glucocorticoid can relieve most of asthmatic patient's symptom,but cannot treat all patients with asthma.KCa3.1 ion channel expressed in a variety of immune cell surface, participate in a variety of autoimmune disease immune process.Because potassium-calcium ion channels are involved in the immune process mediated by T lymphocytes, the adjustment of the function of KCa3.1ion channels may be a new way for asthma treatment.

Airway remodeling is the result of chronic inflammation, which including airway wall thickening, matrix and collagen deposition, epithelial hyperplasia and fibrosis, smooth proliferation and hypertrophy,fibroblast proliferation, and mucus glands and goblet cell proliferation, micrangium generation and other pathological changes. Airway smooth muscle change is known as the reason of airway hyper - responsiveness and asthma aggravating. There are many factors which can induce airway smooth muscle hypertrophy and proliferation, such as inflammation, cytokines,extracellular matrix and genetic factors. In addition, recent researches reveal the airway smooth muscle is also an important source of inflammation. In this paper the latest opinion of the role of asthma airway smooth muscle in the airway remodeling were elaborated,and inhale hormone earlier was suggested.

The damage of airway epithelial cell in asthma including epithelial cells differentiated into goblet cell, mucous cells metaplasia, which lead to the extracellular matrix increasing, airway walls fibrosis and mucus high secretion. There are many cytokines, growth factors, signal transduction pathways and gene regulating this process.Neuroendocrine cell plays a very important role in the immune adjustment.The repairing process of airway epithelial cells after damaged is a complicated process and affected by many factors.

Objective To study the effect of the ECV-304 cells modified with LIF gene on the ex vivo culture of HSC/HPC in cord blood.Methods The ECV-304 cells were infected by Eukaryotic Expression plasmid pcDNA3.0LIF,and the positive ECV-304 cells were obtained by selected with G418.These cells were used to co-culture with CD34+ cells of cord blood.The phenotype of CD34+ and CD34+ CD54+、CD34+ CD62L+ primitive progenitors was detected by flow cytometry.Results The LIF gene can express in ECV-304 cells steadily.ECV-304 cells modified with LIF gene can improve expansion of CB CD34+、CD34+CD54+ and CD34+ CD62L+ cells while sustaining the expression of homing-related adhesion molecule.Conclusion The ECV-304 cells modified with LIF gene can not only significantly expand CB hematopoietic progenitor cells ex vivo,but the expanded CD34+ cells may well retain their homing ability.

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, which is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness(AHR), eosinophilia, elevated IgE, goblet cell metaplasia, airway remodeling and so on.Changes in airway epithelial structure and function are prominent features of asthma.Asthma airway epithelium has abnormal sensitivity to oxidative damage and apoptosis, and is more susceptible to reactive oxygen species(ROS)produced by infiltrating inflammatory cells.The effects of ROS accumulation and oxidative stress are the key links in the pathogenesis of asthma.Oxidants such as ROS can interfere with the structure of epithelial cells and cause tracheal remodeling.Conversely, tracheal remodeling can release inflammatory mediators and aggravate asthma.The main function of mitochondria is oxidative phosphorylation to synthesize ATP, and it is also an important source of ROS.Mitochondrial dysfunction includes energy metabolism conversion dysfunction, mitochondrial biological dysfunction, mitochondrial autophagy and kinetic abnormalities, and mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathway disorders.Mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular hypoxia play an extremely important role in the occurrence and development of bronchial asthma.This article reviews the changes in mitochondrial function of airway epithelial cells in asthma airways in recent years, in order to provide theoretical basis for mitochondria-targeted asthma treatment.

The incidence of hyperuricemia and relevant diseases has been increasing recently since the living improvement and dietary changing. Both patients and doctors do not pay enough attention to this disease, due to the lack of obvious clinical presentations in early stage. This paper comments on the relationship between hyperuricemia and gout, gouty nephropathy, impaired glucose metabolism,and atherosclerotic diseases in order to arouse enough attention to this disease.

Induced pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into a variety of cell types,which promote the development of human disease model,drug toxicity screening and sources of autologous cells.However,there have been many problems in the induced pluripotent stem cells reprogramming,such as safety and low efficiency.Small molecules are considered as a promising method to improve the reprogramming processes of induced pluripotent stem cell,and more and more small molecules have been identified to maintain stem cell self-renewal,providing a new approach to produce the desired reprogramming cells.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the changes of hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and myocardial enzyme spectrum,cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTn Ⅰ) in patients with Henoch-Schnlein purpura.Methods 100 patients with Henoch-Schnlein purpura were selected.50 patients only skin involved were selected as the simple group,50 patients accompanied by other organs involved were selected as mixed group.50 healthy people in the same period were selected as the control group.The serum hs-CRP,myocardial enzyme spectrum and cTn Ⅰ were tested and compared.Results The hs-CRP,serum myocardial enzyme spectrum and cTn Ⅰ levels of mixed and simple group were significantly higher than the control group(all P ＜ 0.05) ; Serum CK-MB,cTn Ⅰ and hs-CRP levels of the mixed group were significantly higher than those of simple group (all P ＜ 0.05).The abnormalities number of CK-MB and cTn Ⅰ respectively accounted for 33％ (33/100) and 32％ (32/100) ;The constituent ratio of the number of abnormal serum CK-MB and cTn Ⅰ of the mixed group was significantly higher than the simple group (x2 =4.047,3.908,all P ＜ 0.05) ;The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the relationship between the serum hs-CRP and CK-MB,cTn Ⅰ levels was linear,which were positively correlated (r =0.872,0.801,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Patients with allergic purpura should early detect the serum levels of hs-CRP,myocardial enzyme spectrum and cTn Ⅰ,and treat the myocardial injury in time.

Sleep apnea includes obstructive sleep apnea,central sleep apnea and mixed sleep apnea.Ob-structive sleep apnoea syndrome(OSAS)is affecting up to 5.7% of children,which hss adverse impact on growth,development cognitive and behavioral outcomes,and untreated OSAS increases cardiovascular risk,so paying closer attention to childhood OSAS early diagnosis and treatment seems more important.First-line treat-ment in OSAS children is adenotonsillectomy,although other treatment options available include continuous posi-tive airways pressure,anti-inflammatory therapies,airway adjuncts and orthodontic appliances.Central sleep ap-nea may be related to respiratory regulation center immaturity or dysplasia.Central sleep apnea may be hereditary or acquired.Therefore,the treatment of central sleep apnea should be focused on primariy etiology.

Objective To investigate the effect of neuropeptide substance P on airway smooth muscle cell contraction amplitude.Methods According to random method, 10 Wistar rats were divided into normal group and asthmatic group.By inhaled OVA to make asthmatic rat model;primary culture ASMC;confocal microscopy were used to observe the morphological changes and measure the length before and after different intervention.The percent of contraction length come from different group ASMC were used for statistical analysis.Results The ASMCs volume in acetylcholine intervented group and substance P intervented group decreased significantly,cell diameters shorten, cytoplasm reduction and cell arranged densely.The ASMCs volume in substance P receptor antagonist intervented group and nimodipine intervented group are about the same size as the ones in normal control group, were spindle-shaped, abundant cytoplasm and arrangement regularly.The contraction length percent of Ach intervened group is the biggest(19.60 ± 3.47) ％, contraction length percent of nimodiping intervented group is the shortest(3.25 ± 1.14)％ ,the contraction length percent in substance Precepter antagonist intervented group is bigger than the one in control group (3.54 ± 1.26) ％, but less than the one in Ach intervented group, asthmatic (14.36 ± 2.37) ％ and substance P intervened group (17.79 ± 3.19) ％.Conclusion Substance P can increase the amplitude of airway smooth muscle cell contraction, but the effect less than Ach;substance P receptor antagonists can inhibit smooth muscle cell contractility, but the effect less than nimodipine.Substance P participates in acute attack of asthma, increases airway reactivity by increasing airway smooth muscle contraction intensity.