Growth hormone is a protein secreted by the anterior pituitary acidophilic cell,which directly or indirectly affects growth and metabolism via insulin-like growth factor.Growth hormone can be applied to the target cells of various tissues,and has extensive physiological functions.With the development of further clinical studies,the application of recombinant human growth hormone is no longer limited to children dwarfism treatment,and it also has clinical significances in the adult growth hormone deficiency,neurological diseases such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,traumatic brain injuries,cerebral palsy,Alzheimer's disease and other diseases such as bum and assisted reproduction.This paper reviews current clinical application and research progress in recombinant human growth hormone at home and abroad.

Human African trypanosomiasis is caused by the infection of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or T.b. rhodesiense, while another morphologically identical subspecies, T.b.brucei, and other closely related species, T.equiper-dum and T.evansi, are considered not infectious to human. This is highly related to the trypanosome lytic factor (TLF) found in normal human serum (NHS) and the serum resistance-associated (SRA) protein of trypanosomes infectious to human. We reviewed the research progress in TLF and its role in trypanosome lysis as well as the mechanism of SRA against the TLF.

Objective To explore the risk factors of death in infant with muggy syndrome(IMS).Methods Sixty-three children with IMS were analyzed retrospectively, who admitted from Jan. 2002 to Feb. 2007,and these children were divided into groups according to the presence or absence of combined conditions including metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, ultrahyperpyrexia, pediatric critical illness score(PCIS) or number of the multiple organs failure. The ?2 test was used to examine the mortality between those groups.Results The total mortality of these children with IMS in-hospital was 22.1%. There were significant differences in mortality between combining metabolic acidosis and non-combining ones (RR=3.20,95%CI=1.0-10.24 ?2=4.76 P80 score (RR=12.73,95%CI=1.78-91.04,?2=13.24 P12 mmol/L and those

This article explains in detail the experiment of the education transformation of acupuncture and Moxibastionscience, which is based on the use of internet resources, and the assessment method of education results. The article alsostresses the importance of using the above method to enhance education reformation in the universities of the traditionalChinese medicine, to change the education mode and to improve the education quality.[

According to the constructivism learning theory,the paper analyzed the method and the value of applying the constructivism learning theory to teaching Acupuncture and Moxibustion Science in the universities and colleges of Chinese medicine from designing and developing the pedagogy platform and online learning courseware for Acupuncture and Moxibustion Science to the experiment of teaching mode and the effect on teaching experiment based on constructivism learning theory etc.The advantages and effect are also summed up in this article.

BACKGROUND: Vascular dementia is a syndrome characterized by cognitive impairment, which is induced by ischemic or hemorrhagic apoplexy or ischemic-anoxic brain injury. It is assigned to "imbecility", "dementia", "sluggish consciousness", "susceptible to forget things" etc. By traditional Chinese medicine. Impairments of memory and cognition etc. Caused by dementia seriously affect psychosomatic health and quality of life of elderly people.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of shuanggen cephalocathartic decoctum on learning, memory and spatial discrimination ability of vascular dementia rats.DESIGN: Randomized control trail taking experimental animals as objects.SETTING: Teaching and Research Section of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Preclinical Medicine College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Laboratory of Viscerastate of Teaching and Research Section of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Preclinical Medicine College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from January to February 2004. A total of 40 male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, model plus traditional Chinese medicine group and model plus Western medicine group, with 10 in each group. Before the experiment, all the rats were adaptively fed for one week, free drinking and eating before and during the experiment. Medicine and reagent are shuanggen cephalocathartic decoctum and Nimotop tablet, and main experimental apparatuses are DTT-2 jumping apparatus and SMG-2 water maze apparatus.METHODS: Blood was collected from left ventricle under aseptic condi tion, and dried in incubator at 37 ℃, after trituration, it was sifted with sieve of 200μm meshes and embolus was prepared. 1 mg embolus and 0.3 mL physiological saline was mixed and shaken up into suspension. Common carotid artery was temporarily occluded with a vascular clamp, and external carotid artery was retrogradely intubated and the embolus suspension was injected into encephalon to establish model of multiple cerebral infarction. In sham operation group, canulate tubule was intubated only to the bifurcation of common carotid artery, with no fluid injected in. Before the experiment, rats in model group and sham operation group were normally fed, while rats in model plus traditional Chinese medicine group were additionally given shuanggen cephalocathartic decoctum [4 g/(kg·d)] infusion and rats in model plus western medicine group were additionally given Nimotop [2 mg/(kg·d)] infusion, once a day for consecutive 15 days. Passive escape jumping experiment was conducted on rats in each group on the 9th day.Recorded the reaction time for rat jumping onto the rubber cushion after electric shock and the frequency of mistakes of suffering electric shock due to jumping down from the platform in 3 minutes, and took the results as learning indexes. The test was repeated on the 10th day. Put the rat into the box for 3-minture adaptation, then put it on the rubber cushion; recorded the latency for rat first jumping down from the rubber cushion and the frequency of jumpingdown from the rubber cushion in 3 minutes, and took the results as memory indexes. Water maze spatial discrimination experiment was conducted on rats in each group on the 11th day, recorded the frequency of mistakes of rats entering dead end and the latency for landing on safe platform. Every time, took a 40-second rest after swimming. Each rat was trained 10 times a day for consecutive three days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of passive escape jumping experiment and water maze spatial discrimination experiment. RESULTS: Each group had a rat dead in the process of operation except sham operation group in which all rats moved normally. Totally 37 rats entered results analysis. ① Results of passive escape jumping experiment: On the 9th day, compared with model group, the reaction time of rats in sham operation group, model plus traditional Chinese medicine group and model plus western medicine group significantly shortened (P < 0.01 -0.05), the frequency of mistakes in 3 minutes remarkably decreased in sham operation group and model plus traditional Chinese medicine group (P < 0.05); on the 10th day, the latency was significantly prolonged in sham operation group as compared with model group (P < 0.05); compared with model group, the frequency of mistakes in 3 minutes significantly decreased in sham operation group, model plus traditional Chinese medicine group and model plus western medicine group (P < 0.05). ② Results of water maze spatial discrimination: On the 3rd day, compared with model group, the frequency of mistakes of rats entering dead end significantly decreased in sham operation group, model plus traditional Chinese medicine group and model plus western medicine group (P < 0.001-0.05); the frequency of mistakes in model plus traditional Chinese medicine group obvi ously decreased as compared with model plus western medicine group (P < 0.05). During the 2nd and 3rd days of water maze experiment, the time for the rat reaching terminal was significantly shortened in sham operation group, model plus traditional Chinese medicine group and model plus western medicine group as compared with model group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Shuanggen cephalocathartic decoctum can significantly improve learning and memory ability of rat model of vascular dementia, and is more effective than Nimotop in the aspect of improving spatial discrimination ability of rat.

Objective: To investigate which step of IL-6 signal transduction pathways in myeloma cells can be taken as the acting target of the antagonists for IL-6. Methods: EMSA and immunoprecipitation were used to detect the activation of transcription factors(TFs)-STAT3, NF-IL-6 and protein kinase ERK in a myeloma cell line-Sko-007 by IL-6. then anti-sense expression plasmids and anti-sense ODN for these signal moleculars were constructed and designed,the effects of these anti-sense nucleic acids on IL-6 signal transduction in Sko-007 cells were analyzed by the same methods. Results: IL-6 signal transduction could be antagonized by these anti-sense nucleic acids at different extent.Conclusion: TFs or protein kinases in IL-6 signal trareduction pathways can be taken as the target for antagonists design.

BACKGROUND: The determination of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites is important in the experimental.research of Parkinson disease (PD) and experimental diagnosis of phaochromocytoma.OBJECTIVE: To develop a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous and rapid determination of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites which include epinephrine(E), norepinephrine(NE), dopamine(DA), 5'-hydroxytryptamine(5'-HT), 5-hydroxy3-indoleacetic acid(5-HIAA), homovanillic acid(HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid(DOPAC).DESIGN: Case control observation and a randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University; Haiyang Branch, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University.PARTICIPANTS: This experiment was carried out at Staff Room of Physiology, edical College, Qingdao University and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from October to December 2003. ①Two patients with phaeochromocytoma were all confirmed by CT, MRI or pathologic section as well as physical sign. Twelve health volunteers were all university students and were excluded to suffer hypertension, endocrine system diseases and other diseases. ② Total 12 healthy female Wister rats weighed between 150 g to 180 g were chosen and randomly divided into control group and PD group with 6 rats in each.METHODS: The standard chromatograms of the standard solution of mixtures of seven substances (E, NE, DA, 5'-HT, 5-HIAA, HVA and DOPAC)were prepared and the precisions and recovery rates of the same samples were determined respectively. Urine samples of 24 hours obtained from 12 healthy volunteers and 2 patients with phaeochromocytoma were analyzed respectively by HPLC. The unilateral forebrain bundles in PD group were destroyed with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) for monitoring release characteristics of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in healthy and marred caudate putamen nucleus striatum of normal and PD rats striatum.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Determination of the precisions and recovery rates of monoamines. ②The contents of catecholamines in 24 hours urine of 12 health volunteers and 2 patients with phaeochromocytoma .③The release characteristics of monoamines and their metabolites in rats striatum. RESULTS: The results and analysis of catecholamines substances in 24hours urine were all obtained from 12 health volunteers and 2 patients with pheochromocytoma. There were no animals died in the experinment, and all of them were involved in the result analysis. ①There was a favorable linear relationship in the range of 2-1 000 μg/L for DA, E, NE and DOPAC, 10-1 000 μg/L for 5-HIAA, HVA and 5-HT for 30-1 000 μg/L with HPLC. The minimal detection limit of DA, E, NE and DOPAC was 2 μg/L, 5-HIAA 10 μg/L, HVA and 5-HT 30 μg/L. The coefficient of variation (CV) in the same batch was 3.0%-8.6%, and the CV in the different batchs was 3.8%-9.7%. The average rates of recovery of DA, NE, E and other 4 kinds of substances were 107.3%, 89.4%, 80.1% and 89.2%-95.7%, respectively.②The contents of CA in 24 hours urine of the 2 patients with phaeochromocytomas were higher than those of the 12 healthy volunteers. One of patient samples showed that E was mainly higher than that of control group. Other samples showed that NE was mainly higher than that of control group. Otherwise , E and NE were ten times higher than that of control group. ③The contents of DA and its metabolites such as DOPAC and HVA in intact sides of hemiparkinsonian rats had no significant changes ,while the contents of DA, DOPAC and HVA in lesion sides were significantly decreased compared with the controls (P ＜ 0.01 ).There were no significant changes in the contents of 5-HT and its metabolites 5-HIAA. ④The turnover rates of DA (DOPAC/DA and HVA/DA) in intact and lesion sides of hemiparkinsonian rats were all higher than those of the controls(P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The method we developed is suitable for the experimental research of normal and hemiparkinsonian rat models and for the diagnostic testing of phaeochromocytoma.

Objective To investigate Chlamydia trachomatis infection and gene variants in child- bearing women in Beijing. Methods Endocervical samples were collected from 177 patients in a family planning clinic and a gynecologic clinic. C.trachomatis infection was screened with a fast diagnostic kit .Major outer membrane protein(MOMP) gene was amplified by a nested PCR . A 1.1kb amplified product was obtained and studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis(RFLP). Variant domains of MOMP gene VS1,VS2,VS3,VS4 were sequenced with 373A automated sequencing system. Results C. trachomatis was found in 9 of 177 samples. Four samples were identified as F genotype, 3 E genotype and 2 D genotype. Variant domains of MOMP gene, VS1, VS2, VS3, VS4 were sequenced and the results were consistent with those of RFLP, however, mutations were found in MOMP gene in 4 samples. Conclusion C.trachomatis urogenital infection has been identified in a portion of child- bearing women in Beijing. C.trachomatis can be well genotyped with RFLP or gene sequencing of MOMP gene.

Objective　To investigate the IL-6 signal transduction pathways and their regulation mechanism in a human myeloma cell line-U266. Methods　Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to detect the activation of the transcription factors (TFs)-STAT3 and NF-IL-6 by IL-6. Cells were treated with chemical agents or transfected with the expression plasmids for the two TFs or the anti-sense oligonucleotide for protein kinase involved in one IL-6 signal transduction pathway. The change of the activation state of another IL-6 signal transduction pathway was also exhibited by EMSA. Results　Two IL-6 signal transduction pathways (JAK/STAT and Ras/NF-IL-6) can be activated by IL-6 of different dose in U266 cells. When one of the two signal transduction pathways was up-regulated, the other one was down-regulated. Conclusion　There is an antagonistic effect between the activation of two IL-6 signal transduction pathways in U266 cells.