Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which accounts for about 15%of lung cancer cases, is an aggressive disease characterized by rapid growth and early widespread metastasis. Despite sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, SCLC is vulnerable to get resistant and has high recurrence rates. Therefore, novel therapies are desperately needed to improve treatment efficacy and increase overall survival. A complex molecular biological alteration of SCLC accounts for its pathogenesis and chemo-resistance. With the understand-ing of SCLC biologic behavior and improvement of detection technique, immunotherapy may be a viable therapeutic approach and bring breakthrough to the treatment of patients with SCLC. In this review, we will discuss the rationale for immunotherapy and recent clinical trials of immunotherapeutic agents for SCLC.

Along with the fast development of medical technology,the theory of holistic medical care is infiltrated into every aspect of clinical medical practices.In this paper,though the treatment of surgical hepatobiliary diseases under the direction of holistic medical care ,we emphasize the significance of holistic medical care in diagnosis and treatment ,recommend and canonize the usage of holistic medical care into the clinical practices.

The effects of two lipids lowering drugs, Xu Zhiping and Mixtura Dai Huai, on the LDL metabolism by receptor dependent and independent pathways in experimental hypercholesterolemia rats were obsvered using radioisotopic double-labelling trace technique. The results showed that in the receptor dependent or independent pathways, the FCR of LDL was increased by 43% and 34% respectively in Xu Zhiping group, and by 35% and 40% respectively in Mixtura Dai Huai group as compared with controls. Both drugs appeared to be more effective than colifibrate, in promoting clearance of LDL from plasma suggesting that the role in reducing plasma TC and LDL-C was depended on accelerating LDL degradation through both receptor dependent and independent pathways. It was also suggested that immune stimulus in combination with cholagogus may become a new way for prevention of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.

The effects of Da Huai Mixture on receptor dependent and independent pathways of LDL catabolism of the experimental hypercholesterolemic rats were observed by isotope trace-labelling, measurement of monocytic macrophage function and dot bloting. The results were as follows: (1) Serum total cholesterol was significantly decrcased(P

Spinal cord injury is a common clinical disease .Cell apoptosis is one of important pathogeneses for spinal cord in-jury, and apoptotic gene plays a very important role in apoptosis on spinal cord injury .Chinese medicine for blood-activating and stasis-dissolving has a good therapeutic effect for spinal cord injury by reducing inflammation , inhibiting apoptosis and improving microcircu-lation.In this paper, we review the research of chinese medicine for activating blood and resolving stasis during the regulation of apoto -sis gene in spinal cord injury based on related documents in the recent five years .

Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum histone deacetylase 3(HDAC3) ,cystatin C(CysC) and albu‐min levels on a large area of myocardial infarction .Methods According to whether heart failure and (or) cardiogenic shock occur‐ring during hospitalization ,102 patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) were divided into the two groups :the non - compli‐cating heart failure and (or) cardiogenic shock group(n= 63) and the complicating heart failure and (or) cardiogenic shock group(n= 39) .Then according to whether the creatine kinase(CK‐MB) peak value was greater than 200 IU /L ,102 AMI patients were di‐vided into two groups :CK‐MB peak values ≥ 200 IU /L group(n= 58) and the CK‐MB peak values < 200 IU / L group(n= 44) .The serum HDAC3 ,CysC and albumin levels were detected at early morning on 2 d of admission in all patients .Results Compared with the non - complicating heart failure and (or) cardiogenic shock group ,serum HDAC3 and CysC levels in the the complicating heart failure and (or) cardiogenic shock group were significantly increased(P< 0 .01) ,while serum albumin protein level was significantly in the occurrence of heart failure and(or)cardiogenic shock group .Compared with the CK‐MB peak value < 200 IU /L group ,serum HDAC3 and CysC levels in the CK‐MB peak value > 200 IU /L group were significantly increased (P< 0 .01) ,while serum albumin level was significantly decreased(P< 0 .01) .Conclusion Serum HDAC3 ,CysC and albumin levels have certain predictive value on a large area of myocardial infarction and conduce to judge the prognosis of patients .

For the cultivation of medical students medical professionalism and evaluation has become a hot is-sue in the medical colleges medical education at home and abroad, but for junior medical students′professional spirit evaluation research is less.This paper introduces the basic concept of responsibility index and application by introducing foreign medical schools responsibility index for evaluation in school doctor students physician profession-alism, analysis the advantages and disadvantages of the method.Think the responsibility index is based on the spe-cific behavior evaluation, the result is more accurate, is suitable for junior medical students′professional spirit e-valuation system, compared with other evaluation system, responsibility index, pay more attention to guidance and specification in advance.But responsibility index also has some disadvantages.Such as responsibility index evalua-tion process must face some ethical challenges, lack of integrity and evaluation framework design.

BACKGROUND:Moderate to severe burn and trauma, treatment of which has been paid equal attention to wound surface, is always a difficulty of clinical systemic treatment and has a poor prognosis. Anabolic hormones have acquired secure and good results in the treatment of burns in both animals and clinical patients. Although use of anabolic hormones is restricted by the doping management, but its androgen receptor and nuclear receptor coregulators are the newly emerging areas of interests in the field of gene regulation mechanism in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of nandrolone phenylpropionate on androgen receptor-mediated transcriptional regulation of target gene in rat scald models. METHODS: Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into nandrolone phenylpropionate, model and control groups. In the nandrolone phenylpropionate and model groups, rats were subjected to a 20% total body surface area second-degree scald injury by hot water. Two days after model preparation, rats in these two groups were intramuscularly injected with nandrolone phenylpropionate and saline, once every other day, for a total of 21 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The gene expression levels of steroid receptor coactivator-1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 in the rat livers and gonads (testes, ovaries) were significantly different between the nandrolone phenylpropionate and model groups (P < 0.05), except steroid receptor coactivator-1 in the liver. There were no significant differences in steroid receptor coactivator-1, c-myc and insulin-like growth factor 1 in the rat livers and gonads (testes, ovaries) between model and control groups (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that nandrolone phenylpropionate has different effects on the gene expression of steroid receptor coactivator-1, c-myc and insulin-like growth factor 1 in different tissues under different physiological and pathological conditions.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between thyroid autoantibodies (ATA)and pregnancy outcome of infertility women after assisted reproductive technology (ART). Methods Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Cochrane library, CNKI and CBM. Results 7 studies were appropriate for meta-analyses and total 4165 patiens were included. Meta analysis shows that the pregnancy rate difference between ATA positive patients and controls have no significance, but the miscarriage rate is greater significant between them. In the meta-analyses, the presence of thyroid antibodies was associated with an increased risk of miscarriage (OR 1.85, 95%CI 1.32~2.59), compared with the absence of thyroid antibodies. Conclusion Pregnant women with thyroid antibodies have an increased risk of complications, especially miscarriage. Future research,should focus on the treatment and thyroid disease on pregnancy outcome.

Objective: To investigate prognostic factors of survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metasta-ses.Methods: The clinical data of 109 lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases were reviewed.Fifty-senven pa-tients survived more than 1 year, and 52 patients survived less than 1 year.The data were analyzed by SPSS 15.0 statisti-cal software.Results: Both the univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that patients' PS score, the interval be-tween diagnosis and brain metastasis, and multimodality treatment were independent prognostic factors for the survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases (P<0.05).Patients' gender, age, metastatic symptoms and extracrani-al metastases didn't significantly affect patient survival.Conclusion: Patients with PS score 0-1, the interval of more than 1 year between diagnosis and brain metastasis, and combined therapy have longer survival.The research provides an impor-tant guidance for the treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases.