OBJECTIVETo explore the dose-length product calibration method for pencil ionization chamber in cobalt beams.

METHODSThe PTW TM30009 ionization chamber was placed into the central hole of T40017 head phantom and irradiated 60 s in 20 cm x 20 cm cobalt beam. The charge was collected with UNIDOS electrometer. Absorbed doses were measured with TM30013 0.6 mL farmer-type chamber under the same condition. The CT chamber calibration factor was expressed in dose-length product. Dose linearity and spatial response were also investigated.

RESULTSThe calibration factor in dose-length product was derived from measured data. Dose linearity and spatial response were good in cobalt beams.

CONCLUSIONIt is feasible to calibrate the CT chamber in cobalt beams for patient dose evaluation in MVCT.

BACKGROUND: Donor antigen presenting cells immigrated into the recipient can induce the immunological tolerance of recipient T cells to donor, leading to a final acceptance to grafts, lnterleukin-10 (IL-10) modification maintains dendritic cells at a desirable differentiating state, which is an effective method to promote the protection to kidney in the simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation.OBJECTIVE: To observe the immigration of IL-10-modified dendritic cells in rats subjected to simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation and to investigate the mechanism of action.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed in the Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University between June 2004 and February 2006.MATERIALS: Male DA donor rats (n=60) and Lewis recipient rats (n=60), both were adult and of clean grade, were included.Sixty Lewis rats were randomly and evenly divided into 3 groups: IL-10-modified cell group, simple cell group, and model control group.METHODS: Donor rat liver and kidney were harvested by simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation. Recipient rats in each group were subjected to orthotopic liver and left kidney transplantation to establish models of immunological rejection. Under sterile condition, donor rat femur and tibia were harvested. Dnlbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM) was used to wash out the bone marrow. After removal of red cells, dendritic cells were isolated and cultured by adherent method. After modified with 20 μg/L IL-10 for 72 hours, dendritic cells were intravenously transfused into rat bodies in the IL-10-modified group, 2×10(7) cells/rat, In the simple cell group, rats were treated with donor dendritic cells without modification with IL-10. Rats in the model control group received no any interventions.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1]Dynamic changes of vital sign, urine volume, liver and renal function in recipient tissues;[2] Pathohistological detection results;[3]Distribution of donor dendritic cells in the recipient rats by in situ hybridization.RESULTS: In the simple cell and model control groups, urinary volume was reduced to 0 mL 5-6 days after transplantation. In addition, both groups presented with severe acute rejection. In the IL-10-modified cell group, urinary volume maintained at 6-12mL within 2 weeks after transplantation. The acute rejection of liver and kidney transplantation was obviously inhibited, surviving for(20.0±2.6) days on average, which was significantly longer than that in the simple cell group and model control group. A probability value of less than 0.05 in the Log Rank test was considered statistically significant. There were many Y chromosome-labeled dendritic cells immigrated into the mesenteric lymph node in the recipient rats.CONCLUSION: IL-10-modified dendritic cells play an immunoprotective effect on the liver and kidney transplanted simultaneously. Donor immature dendritic cells immigrated into recipient tissue could reduce acute rejections and prolong the survival time of liver and kidney grafts and recipients.

Objective: To explore the symptomatic level of personality disorders,family environment of college students, and the correlation between these two variables. Methods: PDQ-4+(Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+) and AAQ3.1 were administrated to 320 college students by layered sample. Results: Significant correlation was found between several factors of personality disorders and family environment. The personality disorders group get significantly lower score in Intimacy factor and higher score in Conflicts factor of family environment than the normal group. Conclusion: There was significant correlation between symptomatic level of personality disorders and family environment.

interface screw,with significant difference(P0.05).[Conclusion]All internal fixations in this study could meet biomechanical requirement,but Rigidfix and Intrafix showed more advantages.

Objective To observe the biochemical indicators and lifestyles of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),and analyse the risk factors of induced NAFLD.Methods A total of 258 in-and out-patients of NAFLD were included in the present study,the control group consisted of 213 examinationers with nonfatty liver disease.All samples were being blood biochemical indicator detection and lifestyle survey.Results Some blood biochemical index of NAFLD patients such as TC(5.48 ± 1.10) mmol/L,TG(2.31 ± 1.25) mmol/L,ALT (51.35 ± 26.18) U/L,AST (42.37 ± 28.32) U/L,FPG (5.62 ± 3.24) mmol/L,GGT (58.47 ± 43.25) U/L and UA (398.51 ± 96.85) μmol/L were higher than those of the control group (t =3.423,5.250,7.402,4.348,3.326,6.683,3.891,all P ＜ 0.01) ; and the incidence of hyperlipidemia,hypertension (21.71％),diabetes (22.09％),BMI(26.85 ± 3.45) or metabolic syndrome (44.57％) etc.Those indexes in NAFLD patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (x2 =8.14,10.55,58.48,t =10.73,all P ＜ 0.01).By multivariable Logistic regression analysis,TG,WI,BMI,HOMA-IR,lack of exercise,high-fat diet were independent risk factors for NAFLD (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Patients with NAFLD is closely correlated to metabolic abnormalities,reasonable diet and a healthy lifestyle is an effective way of prevention and treatment of this disease.

Objective Experimentally to investigate the changes in vasospastic canine basilar arteries. Methods Vasospasm of basilar arteries was induced by double-injecting autologous blood into the brain cisterns. 28 adult mongrel dogs of both genders served as the subjects, of them 20 involved in experimental group and accepted the PTA treatment and the other 8 doges were in negative control group without any treatment. PTA was performed by a single inflation of balloon for 10 seconds at a peak pressure of 2.0 atmospheres. Angiography was re-performed at 30 day, 90 day and 300 day following PTA, respectively. The histologic changes were then evaluated using light and electron microscopy. Results Caliber of basilar arteries of all canines decompressed obviously, from 1.3 mm to 0.8 mm. In test group, PTA succeeded in 15 ones, with caliber of vasospastic basilar arteries enlarged obviously after PTA ( P

The experiment was conducted to examine the effect of zinc toxicity on the peripheral blood T-lymphocyte by the method of flow cytometry(FCM) and ANAE.200 one-day-old Avian broilers were divided into four groups,and fed with the diets as follows:①control group(Zn 100 mg/kg diet) and ② zinc toxic groups(Zn 1 500 mg/kg diet,zinc toxic group Ⅰ;Zn 2 000 mg/kg diet,zinc toxic group Ⅱ;Zn 2 500 mg/kg diet,zinc toxic group Ⅲ) for seven weeks.The ANAE positive ratios of the peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were much lower in the three zinc toxic groups than that in control group at 7 weeks of age.CD4+ T cell numbers were reduced from 2 to 7 weekds of age in zinc toxic group Ⅲ and from 6 to 7 weeks of age in zinc toxic group Ⅱ,as compared with that of control group.The numbers of CD8+ T cell decreased at 2 and 4 weeks of age in zinc toxic groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ,and at 7 weeks of age in zinc grups Ⅰ and Ⅲ.CD4+/CD8+ ratio was higher at 2 and 4 weeks age,and lower at 6 and 7 weeks of age in zinc toxic groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in control group.The results showed that zinc toxicity would suppress the development of T-lymphocytes and reduce the peripheral blood T-lymphocyte populations.Potential mechanism underlying these observations are also discussed.

The experiment was conducted to examine the effect of copper toxicity on the peripheral blood T-lymphocyte using the flow cytometry(FCM) and ANAE.180 one-day-old Avian broilers were divided randomly into three groups,and fed diets as follows:(1)Controls(Cu 11.97 mg/kg diet) and (2)copper toxic(Cu 650 mg/kg diet,copper toxic group Ⅰ;Cu 850 mg/kg diet,copper toxic group Ⅱ) for six weeks.The ANAE positive ratios of the peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were much lower in the two copper toxic groups than in control group from 1 to 6 weeks of age(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Also,there was significant difference between copper toxic groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ at 1,3,5 and 6 weeks of age(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).CD+4 T cell numbers reduced from 2 to 6 weeks of age in both copper toxic group Ⅰ and copper toxic group Ⅱ as compared with those of control group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).At the same time,there was significant difference between copper toxic groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ at 6 weeks of age(P＜0.05).But the numbers of CD+8 T cell were not varied from 2 to 6 weeks of age in copper toxic groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ in comparison with those of control group(P＞0.05).The CD+4/CD+8 ratio was lower from 2 to 6 weeks of age in copper toxic groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ than in control group.The results showed that copper toxicity could suppress the development of T-lymphocytes and reduce the peripheral blood T-lymphocyte populations.Potential mechanisms underlying these observations are also discussed.

ObjectiveTo explore the methods and effectiveness of interventional revascularization of complex arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO)of lower extremity arteries according to their imaging characteristics.Methods Seventy-eight patients with lower extremity ASO complex lesions classified as TASC Ⅱ C/D ( n =68 ) and TASC Ⅱ B ( n =10) underwent antigrade or combined antigrade-retrograde subintimal angioplasty.Their clinical situations were Fontaine stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ or severe stage Ⅱ.All the long occlusion,flush occlusion,multiple occlusion,popliteal artery occlusion,below knee artery occlusion and aortoiliac artery occlusion were identified as complex lesion imaging features and as the indication of interventional treatment if only there were visible outflow vessels and suitable puncture site.Statistical analysis was used to compare ankle-brachial index (ABI) pretreatment and post-treatment by t test.Results Successful revascularization was achieved in 73 patients technically.No obvious complications occurred.Ischemia symptoms improved quickly after accomplishment of recanalization.Average ABI increased from 0.45 ±0.07 to 0.76 ±0.11 after the treatment(t =- 19.78,P ＜0.01 ).Symptoms in 5 patients who failed to get arterial recanalization were stable.Follow up of 6 to 12 months in 47 patients showed stable improvement in 22 of them.Conclusion It is more practical to choose and expand application of interventional treatment for complex ASO according to imaging characteristics of lesions than according to TASC classification.

Objective To investigate the regulation of the immune function of cytokine-induced killer cells(CIK) by dendritic cell (DC) vaccine in the patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) in vitro.Methods CIK cells from 30 patients with CHB were cultured in vitro,and were randomly divided into two groups,DC vaccine-treated group and the control group.After 14 days of culture,the percentages of CD3 + CD4+ T,CD3 +CD8 +T and CD3 +CD56+ T cells among CIKs were analyzed by flow cytometry.The levels of IL-12,IFN-γand IL-6 in cell culture supernatant was detected by ELISA.Results The percentages of CD3 + CD4 + T,CD3 +CD8+T and CD3+ CD56+ T cells were 18.27％,64.36％ and 20.00％ in CIKs in DC vaccine group,and 17.79％ ( P ＞ 0.05 ),54.69％ ( P ＜ 0.01 ) and 13.39％ ( P ＜ 0.01 ) in the control group,respectively.The perentage of CD3 + CD4 + T cells were similar between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ),but for the perentage of CD3 + CD8 +T and C D3 + CD56 + T cells were significantly different between the two groups (t =4.130 and 5.601respectively,Ps ＜ 0.01 ).The concentrations of IL- 12,IL-4 and IFN-γin supernatant were ( 177.82 ± 130.06),(31.77 ± 9.52) and (86.99 ± 56.30) ng/L in DC vaccine-treated group respectively,which were significantly different from those of (80.83 ±50.15) ng/L (t =3.811,P ＜0.01 ),(40.33 ± 19.74) ng/L( t =2.141,P ＜0.05) and (42.07 ± 19.68)ng/L(t =4.125,P ＜0.01) in the control group,respectively.Conclusion DC vaccine could enhance the killing function of CIK cells.