To summarize the risk factor,pathogenic bacteria,medical and prevention progress of ventilator-associated pneumonia.It is beneficial to avoid the risk factor of ventilator-associated pneumonia,and to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Objective To investigate the effect of different dose dexmedetomidine on reducing agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in patients underwent repair of indirect inguinal hernia.Methods 105 cases of ASA Ⅰ ～ Ⅱ received operation with inhalation of 3％ sevoflurane to induce anesthesia,and then randomly divided into three groups,35 cases in each group.The control group injected with 0.9％ sodium chloride,observation 1 group injected dexmedetomidine 0.15μg/kg,observation 2 group injected dexmedetomidine 0.30μ g/kg.Then placed oropharynx airway ventilation,caudal block.Anesthesia was maintained with 1.2％ sevoflurane,maintain its independent ventilation.Hemodynamic and respiratory changes of the children were recorded.Time to eye opening(TEO) at the end of anesthesia was also recorded.Results Three groups of children had similar operation process.TEO of the control group was (8.45 ± 4.02) min,observation 1 group was (9.23 ± 5.03) min,observation 2 group was (10.81 ± 4.06) min (t =1.23,1.64,all P ＞ 0.05).The incidence rate of agitation of the control group was 42.8％,that in the observation 1 group and observation 2 group was 20％,8.6％.Observation 1 group was significantly lower than that of control group (x2 =3.72,P ＜ 0.05),observation 2 group was significantly lower than that of control group and observation 1 group (x2 =5.14,4.27,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The dose of dexmedetomidine 0.3 μg/kg administered after induction of anesthesia could reduce the postsevoflurane agitation in children and have no adverse effects.

BACKGROUND:Docetaxel, a cel cycle specific anti-tumor drug, is a drug that is used primarily for treating breast cancer; however, its efficacy is low when used for treatment of cancer not sensitive to radiotherapy. Bone marrow mesenchymal stemcels have been shown to strengthen the effects of tumor-specific targeting chemotherapy drugs. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of docetaxel combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels (BMSCs) on human hepatoma cel line SMMC-7721. METHODS:BMSC cels were culturedin vitro. The logarithmic growth of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cels were randomly divided into blank control group, BMSCs group and combined treatment group (combined treatment of BMSCs and docetaxel). SMMC-7721 cel cycle was detected usingflow cytometry. Cel growth rate of SMMC-7721 was determined by MTT assay. mRNA and protein expressions of tumor suppressor genes PTEN and p53 were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Combined treatment of docetaxel and BMSCs inhibited SMMC-7721 cell proliferation. Compared with the blank control group, the number of cells at the G0/G1 phase was significantly increased in BMSCs group and combined treatment group. The cell growth rate of SMMC-7721 was significantly inhibited in BMSCs group compared with the blank control group, and that was further inhibited in combined treatment group (P< 0.05). mRNA and protein expressionof PTENandp53 were significantly increased in combined treatment group compared with BMSCs group and blank control group (P< 0.05). Our results suggest that BMSCs inhibit the growth of SMMC-7721 cells,andcombined use of docetaxel and BMSCs strengthensthe antitumor effect of BMSCs.

Objective To explore nursing points on the enteral nutrition support to batched patients with severe burn caused by explosion. Method An enteral nutrition support was carried out for 15 patients with severe burns admitted in our department and pertinent nursing was performed. Results Five patients died because of lack of autologous skin sources and complications of sepsis in 45~87 d after burn. Ten patients got a good recovery after enteral nutrition support, anti-infection treatment and nursing. They lived through the infection period, went into the recovery period. The hospital stay of these patients in ICU was 54~115 d with an average of (90.63 ± 30.37)d. Conclusion Early enteral nutrition support and nursing to the patients with severe burn can improve the nutritional status of patients effectively and promote the rehabilitation of patients.

Since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy(ART),the lifespan and quality of life of patients infected with HIV have been significantly improved.But treatment efficacy was compromised eventually by the development of resistance to antiretroviral drugs,and more new anti-HIV drugs with lower toxicity and higher activity were needed.Based on the experience and lessons learned from the treatment in the developed countries,US FDA suggested that more pharmacodynamical researches should be considered ahead of the clinical trials.To facilitate the anti-HIV drug research and development,we reviewed a few specialized issues that should be focused on drug evaluations in vitro,including: 1)Mechanism of action studies,demonstrating the candidate drug's efficacy to specifically inhibit viral replication or a virus-specific function and confirm the drug target.2)Drug resistance studies,selecting the drug-resistant variants in vitro and determining the activities inhibiting HIV isolates resistant to approved antiretroviral drugs of the same class.3)Antiviral activity in vitro in the presence of serum proteins,ascertaining whether an investigational product is significantly bound by serum proteins.4)Combination activity analysis,evaluating in vitro antiviral activity of an investigational product in two-drug combinations with other drugs approved.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmitted drug resistance (TDR) means the infection of HIV drug-resistant strains, which are detected in patients without a history of exposure to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. TDR has the potential to reverse the effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and is the practical major threat to the realization of the targets for HIV prevention and control. The changes in fitness of HIV DR strains are the basic biological factor challenging the risk of its transmission, and related to the selection of the survey population, the determination of the time span between diagnosis of HIV infection and testing of DR, and the application of DR test assay. The integrated definition and interpretation of surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) is the key to obtaining accurate surveillance results. This article reviews the recent progress in research on the fitness of HIV DR strains, identification of SDRMs, and the selection of surveillance population. It also proposes key areas for TDR monitoring in China, including the development of SDRMs list tailored to the characteristics of Chinese strains, high-resolution sequencing to accurately identify mixed base pairs, and the standardization of TDR monitoring. These efforts will provide scientific support for accurate TDR monitoring results and effective containment of the transmission of drug-resistant strains.

Objective:To study the contents and determinate method of Sanggenon C of Cortex Mori in different sources.Methods:Sanggenon C was determined by HPLC. The mobile phase was methanol water(75∶25). Detection wavelength was at 280nm.Results:The average recovery was 96.94% with RSD = 1.72% and the linear range was 0.32～4.80?g. The highest content of Sanggenon C was 0.55% and the lowest content was 0.02% from different producing area. Conclusion: The method is accurate and reliable with good reproducibility.

BACKGROUND: After tooth extraction, residual ridge resorption is a complicate process, while stress is one of the main causes. Recent studies have demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) is a kind of agent that is sensitive to mechanical stress.OBJECTIVE: To study the role of OPN in mediating mechanical stress effect on bone, and to investigate the relationship of OPN and bone rebuilding, action mechanism of OPN and cell surface receptor and the relationship of OPN and osteoblast and osteoclast, in order to reveal the molecule mechanism of residual ridge resorption mainly caused by stress, and also to be a basic theory for clinical molecule therapy or gene therapy.RETRIEVE STRATEGY: PubMed was searched from January 1985 to June 2007 for English literatures with the searching words of "OPN, mechanical stress and bone resorption" and China Journal Full-text Database was also searched from January 1995 to June 2007 for Chinese literatures with the searching words of "OFN, mechanical stress and bone resorption". Fifty-two literatures were retrieved. The data were primarily selected. Inclusive criteria: being relative to role of OPN in mediating mechanical stress effect on bone. Exclusive criteria: repetitive studies.LITERATURE EVALUATION: Among the 52 literatures, including 6 Chinese and 46 English, 5 were rejected for objective independent from this study, 13 for repetitive contents, and so 34 literatures were involved for further analysis on the role of OPN in mediating mechanical stress effect on bone, 6 being review and the others being clinical or basic studies.DATA SYNTHESIS: ①After tooth extraction, residual ridge resorption is a complicate process. It also influences the effect of artificial denture, while stress is the main cause. ② OPN is widely distributed throughout the body, and has many physiologic functions. Recent studies have demonstrated that OPN is a kind of agent that is sensitive to mechanical stress. ③Bone is a special kind of biological tissue, bone resorption and bone rebuilding both can take place when it is lack of mechanical stress (atrophy of disuse),or endures mechanical stress. ④Bone rebuilding can be seen as the results of these molecule events. OPN, as a main protein, participates in the bone resorption and bone rebuilding. ⑤These OPN can be seen as a chemotatic factor to guide prosoma osteoclast to migrate to the surface of the bone, and mediate it to combine with the integrin on the surface of osteoclast so to promote the resorption of bone. So, OPN is a necessary factor in mechanical stress induced bone loss. ⑥OPN is a signal of transmission between osteoblast and osteoclast. ⑦OPN can be seen as a long acting feedback inhibition signal to inhibit bone mineralization.CONCLUSION: OPN is a kind of agent that is sensitive to mechanical stress. It plays an important role in mediating mechanical stress effect on bone.