Objective To investigate the effect of conductive education applied in water exercise on cerebral palsy. Methods 58 children with cerebral palsy who could accept conductive education were divided into observation group (n=29) and control group (n=29) randomly. All the children accepted routine rehabilitation, and the observation group accepted water exercise in the model of conductive education. They were assessed with muscular strength, muscular tension (modified Ashworth Scale) and the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) before and after training. Results The score of GMFM improved more in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05), as well as the incidence of improvement of muscle tension (released 1 grade or more, 75.9% vs. 44.8%, P<0.05) and muscle strength (increased 1 grade or more, 82.8% vs. 58.6%, P<0.05). Conclusion Water exercise with the conductive education model can improve the gross motor function and muscle strength, release the spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.

Objective Toinvestigatetheeffectofpowerelectricalstimulation(PES)incombination withtask-specifictrainingonlowerextremitymotorfunctioninstrokepatientswithfootdrop.Methods Fifty patients with poststroke foot drop were enrolled retrospectively. They were divided into either an experimental group or a control group (n=25 in each group). The control group received routine rehabilitation treatment. On this basis,the experimental group was given PES in combination with task-oriented training. Both groups of patients were trained 2 times a day,once for 40 minutes,5 days a week for 6 weeks. The ankle active range of motion,plantar flexor muscle tension,and tibialis anterior muscle strength were determined before and after treatment. The balance and lower extremity motor function of the patients were assessed by using Berg balance scale score,Fugl-Meyer lower extremity score,modified Barthel index,and Holden walk grading. At thesametime,thewalkingspeedandsteplengthbeforeandaftertreatmentwerecompared.Results Six weeks after treatment,the ankle activity,plantar flexors tension,and tibialis anterior muscle strength scores in patients of the experimental group were improved compared with before treatment,and each indicator was significant better than the control group (t=6. 261,-6. 163,and 2. 968,respectively;all P<0. 05). Berg balance scale,walking speed and step length scores were also improved as compared with before treatment, and each indicator was better than the control group (t=10. 733,9. 074,and 9. 013,respectively;all P<0.01). The lower limb motion scores,modified Barthel indexes,and Holden walk grading scores were improved compared with before treatment,and each indicator was significantly better than the control group (t=3.261,7.573,and4.010,respectively;allP<0.05).Conclusion Usingpowerelectricalstimulation in combination with task-oriented training may effectively improve the lower extremity motor function in stroke patients with foot drop.

This paper summarized researches about the factors that influenced the measurement of hand grip, including equipments, ethnics,genders, ages, morphological parameters, handedness, occupation, grip width, body posture and psychological factors. All these are to be considered in studies of grip strength.

Objective: To investigate the use of new types of drugs among HIV/AIDS patients in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into surveillance and interventions for use of new types of drugs among HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: The HIV/AIDS patients in Ningbo City were randomly sampled from the HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Patients' demographics, use of new types of drugs and sexual behaviors were collected using questionnaire surveys. Patients' hair samples were collected, and new types of drugs were determined in hair using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In addition, factors affecting the use of new types of drugs were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 254 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled, including 214 men (84.25%), 31 cases aged under 25 years (12.20%), 66 cases aged 25 to 30 years (25.98%), and 157 cases aged 31 to 75 years (61.81%). There were 30 cases reported previous use of new drugs (11.81%), including 27 cases reported previous use of methamphetamine (90.00%). There were 48 cases tested positive of new types of drugs, with a positive rate of 18.90%, including 44 cases tested positive for methamphetamine (91.67%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (25 to 30 years, OR=6.926, 95%CI: 1.412-33.969), occupation (students/teachers/cadres/employees/retirees, OR=6.971, 95%CI: 2.123-22.889; housekeeping and housework servants/unemployed, OR=3.356, 95%CI: 1.289-8.739; business/public place servants, OR=2.447, 95%CI: 1.033-4.448) and syphilis infection during recent six months (OR=3.491, 95%CI: 1.664-7.326) as factors affecting the use of new types drugs among HIV/AIDS patients. Conclusions The use of new types of drugs exists in HIV/AIDS patients in Ningbo City. Age, occupation and syphilis infection were associated with the use of new types of drugs among HIV/AIDS patients.

This study examined the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3PUFA) on the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and some related inflammatory factors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with early-stage severe multiple trauma. Thirty-two patients who were admitted to the Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China) between May 2010 and November 2010, and diagnosed as having severe multiple trauma with a injury severity score (ISS) no less than 16, were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups at random (n=16 in each): ω-3PUFA group and control group in which routine parenteral nutrition supplemented with ω-3PUFA or not was administered to the patients in two groups for consecutive 7 days. Peripheral blood from these patients was collected within 2 h of admission (day 0), and 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after the nutritional support. PBMCs were isolated and used for detection of the mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 by using real-time PCR and flow cytometry respectively, the levels of NF-κB by quantum dots-based immunofluorescence assay, the levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 and COX-2 by ELISA, respectively. The results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in PBMCs was significantly lower in ω-3PUFA group than in control group 5 and 7 days after nutrition support (both P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 and COX-2 were found to be substantially decreased in PBMCs in ω-3PUFA group as compared with control group at 5th and 7th day (P<0.05 for all). It was concluded that ω-3PUFA can remarkably decrease the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and some related inflammatory factors in NF-κB signaling pathway in PBMCs of patients with severe multiple trauma, which suggests that ω-3PUFA may suppress the excessive inflammatory response meditated by the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway.

This study examined the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3PUFA) on the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2),toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and some related inflammatory factors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with early-stage severe multiple trauma.Thirty-two patients who were admitted to the Department of Traumatic Surgery,Tongji Hospital (Wuhan,China) between May 2010 and November 2010,and diagnosed as having severe multiple trauma with a injury severity score (ISS) no less than 16,were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups at random (n=16 in each):ω-3PUFA group and control group in which routine parenteral nutrition supplemented with ω-3PUFA or not was administered to the patients in two groups for consecutive 7 days.Peripheral blood from these patients was collected within 2 h of admission (day 0),and 1,3,5 and 7days after the nutritional support.PBMCs were isolated and used for detection of the mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 by using real-time PCR and flow cytometry respectively,the levels of NF-κB by quantum dots-based immunofluorescence assay,the levels of TNF-α,IL-2,IL-6 and COX-2 by ELISA,respectively.The results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in PBMCs was significantly lower in ω-3PUFA group than in control group 5 and 7 days after nutrition support (both P＜0.05).The levels of TNF-α,IL-2,IL-6 and COX-2 were found to be substantially decreased in PBMCs in ω-3PUFA group as compared with control group at 5th and 7th day (P＜0.05 for all).It was concluded that ω-3PUFA can remarkably decrease the expression of TLR2,TLR4 and some related inflammatory factors in NF-κB signaling pathway in PBMCs of patients with severe multiple trauma,which suggests that ω-3PUFA may suppress the excessive inflammatory response meditated by the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect of early postoperative comprehensive rehabilitation on elbow joint dysfunction and ulnar nerve injury in children and adolecents with supracondylar fracture of humerus complicated with ulnar nerve injury. MethodsA total of 49 children with supracondylar fracture of humerus complicated with ulnar nerve injury after operation were selected from January, 2016 to December, 2021 in Wangjing Hospital, which were randomly divided into control group (n = 24) and treatment group (n = 25). The control group accepted wax therapy and acupuncture, and the treatment group accepted medicine fumigation, joint mobilization and electromyographic biofeedback, for twelve weeks. They were assessed with The Hospital for Special Surgery Elbow score (HSS) and Medical Research Neurotrauma Society Report (MCRR) before and after treatment. ResultsAfter treatent, the HSS scores increased in both groups (|t| > 8.345, P < 0.001). The HSS score was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (t = 4.536, P < 0.001). The d-value of HSS scores before and after treatment was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (t = 3.717, P < 0.05). The rate of excellent recovery of ulnar nerve function was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (χ² = 5.975, P < 0.05). ConclusionEarly postoperative comprehensive rehabilitation could romote the recovery of elbow function and ulnar nerve injury in children and youth with supracondylar fracture of humerus complicated with ulnar nerve injury.

Objective: To investigate the application of the axillary central venous catheterization (CVC) based on Nickalls' landmarks in treating adult multiple injury patients. Methods: A retrospective case control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 83 adult multiple injury patients treated in Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from August 2017 to August 2018. There were 48 males and 35 females, aged 21-84 years [(56.5±14.3)years]. The body mass index ranged from 19.8 to 43.1 kg/m² [(27.6±6.5)kg/m²]. There were 26 patients with mainly craniocerebral injury, 15 with mainly thoracic injury, 28 with mainly abdominal injury, eight with mainly spinal injury and six with mainly pelvic fracture. The injury severity score (ISS) ranged from 24 to 66 points [(41.8±18.1)points]. All the patients received the axillary CVC based on Nickalls' landmarks. The left axillary vein was used as the puncture vein in 16 patients (left group), and the right axillary vein was used as the puncture vein in 67 patients (right group). A total of 36 patients were combined with the clavicle and/or 1-3 rib fractures at the same side as the puncture site (adjacent fracture group), while 47 patients were not combined with the clavicle and/or 1-3 rib fractures at the same side as the puncture site (non-adjacent fracture group). The success rate of catheterization, pneumothorax, hematoma or artery injury, catheter ectopia, catheter-related infection and catheter-related thrombosis were recorded. Results: A total of 80 patients were successfully intubated, with a success rate of 96%. Subgroup analysis showed that the success rate of right group was [97% (65/67)], slightly higher than that of the left group [94%(15/16)] , but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). And the success rate of adjacent fracture group [94%(34/36)] was similar to that of non-adjacent fracture group [98%(46/47)], and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Complication incidences were as follows: hematoma or arterial injury [5%(4/83)], pneumothorax 2%(2/83), catheter-related thrombosis [12%(10/83)], and catheter ectopia [1%(1/83)]. No catheter-related infection was observed. Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of various complications was similar between the left group and the right group (hematoma or arterial injury: 6% vs. 4%, pneumothorax: 0% vs. 3%; catheter ectopic: 0% vs. 1%; catheter-related thrombosis: 13% vs. 12%), and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The incidence of various complications was also similar between the adjacent fracture group and the non-adjacent fracture group (hematoma or arterial injury: 3% vs. 6%; pneumothorax: 3% vs. 2%; catheter ectopic: 0% vs. 2%; catheter-related thrombosis: 17% vs. 9%), and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions Axillary CVC based on Nickalls' landmark has a relatively high catheterization success rate and low complication incidence in adult multiple trauma patients. It is applicable to both left and right sides of axillary vein and suitable for patients with adjacent fracture. However, there still exists a high risk of catheter-related thrombosis, requiring enhanced anticoagulation and regular monitoring of thrombosis during catheterization.