common TiO2 by the comparison of these catalysts. Conclusion Catalysed by ultrasonic wave, a series of TiO2 catalysts will show a significant effect of killing colibacillus.

Objective To investigate the influence of RNA interference targeting ORC1 gene on the phenotype of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods VSMCs were transfected with siRNA targeting ORC1 gene by liposome. The expression of ORC1 protein was detected by Western blotting. The changes of phenotype-dependent markers was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results After transfected of siRNA targeting ORC1 genes, the expression of ORC1 was lower than that in the control groups (non-transfection and negative siRNA). ORC1 gene silencing increased the expression of VSMC contractile markers ?-SM actin and SM-2, and decreased the expression of synthetic marker osteopontin. ORC1 gene silencing greatly affected VSMC differentiated morphology. Conclusion ORC1 gene silenced by RNA interference can mediate the transition of VSMCs from synthetic phenotype to contractile phenotype.

Objective To investigate the effects and possible mechanism of Fructus lycii on renal calcium oxalate stone formation in rats. Methods Wistar rats were divided into several groups according to different stone inducer (cigarette smoking, ethylene glycol solution drinking or combination of both), either Fructus lycii infusion interference or not and different interfering concentrations (10% and 25%). Besides, a blank control group was set. After treatment for 40 d, 24 h urine was collected, and renal tissue samples were obtained. The concentrations of calcium, oxalate and citric acid in urine were measured. The deposit condition of calcium oxalate crystals in nephric tubules was observed and scored. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in renal tissues were detected. Apoptosis cells in kidney were observed with TUNEL staining, and index of apoptosis was calculated. Results Compared with blank control group, the urine calcium concentration in group of combination of cigarette smoking and ethylene glycol solution drinking were significantly higher (P<0.01), the scores of calcium oxalate crystals in renal tubules, the levels of MDA in renal tissues and the index of apoptosis of renal tubule epithelial cells in groups of ethylene glycol solution drinking and combination with smoking were higher, while the concentrations of citric acid in urine and activity of T-SOD in renal tissues were lower. Ten percent and 25% Fructus lycii infusion significantly decreased the urine concentrations of calcium in group of combination of cigarette smoking and ethylene glycol solution drinking (P<0.01), decreased the scores of calcium oxalate crystals in renal tubules, the levels of MDA in renal tissues and the index of apoptosis of renal tubule epithelial cells in groups of ethylene glycol solution drinking and combination with smoking, and increased the concentrations of citric acid in urine and activity of T-SOD in renal tissues. There was no significant dose-effect relationship between two concentrations of Fructus lycii infusion. Conclusion Fructus lycii infusion can effectively inhibit the formation of renal calcium oxalate stone in rats with smoking and/or ethylene glycol drinking by reducing the free radicals and apoptosis of renal tissue, decreasing the concentration of elements for stone formation and increasing the concentration of elements for inhibition of stone formation in urine.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of 18 F?FDG PET/CT in untreated small cell lung cancer ( SCLC) . Methods A total of 49 SCLC patients( 35 males, 14 females, median age 61 years) with pathologically confirmed SCLC had underwent 18 F?FDG PET/CT scan before treatment from January 2008 to December 2013 and were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Clinical staging were mainly deter?mined by 18 F?FDG PET/CT scan. Performance status ( PS) was acquired according to the clinical symptoms before PET examination. Patients were followed up for at least 6 months and the survival interval was recor?ded. Two?sample t test, Kaplan?Merier, log?rank and Cox regression analysis were used for statistical analy?sis. Results (1)Among 49 patients, 20 died during the follow?up, 1 patient was lost to follow?up, and 45 patients(91.84%) had metastasis. Patients with limited disease (LD) and extensive disease (ED) were 27 and 22 respectively according to 18F?FDG PET/CT imaging. (2)The median OS was 23.68 months and me?dian PFS was 19.93 months. LD patients had significantly longer OS and PFS than ED patients (35.30 months vs 12.57 months, 28.87 months vs 11.30 months;χ2=18.810, 13.647, both P<0.05). (3)SUVmax of primary tumor ranged from 1.97 to 21.50. The SUVmax of primary foci had no difference between LD(8.27± 3.14) and ED(9.68±5.36)patients(P>0.05). SUVmax of primary tumor showed no significant correlation with OS and PFS (both P>0.05).There were no significant differences in OS and PFS between low SUVmax group and high SUVmax group in both LD and ED patients (χ2=0.001-0.565, all P>0.05). (4) Staging based on 18 F?FDG PET/CT results and PS score were independent prognostic factors ( hazard ratios:3.93, 5?00, both P<0.05) , while SUVmax showed no significant prognostic value. Conclusions PS score before PET scan and imaging staging based on 18 F?FDG PET/CT results are independent prognostic factors. The predictive value of primary foci SUVmax needs further investigation.

Objective To evaluate the effects of β1 adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) autoantibodies on the micro-mechanics of a single rat ventricular myocyte and the concentration of intracellular calcium for investigating the pathogenic mechanism of heart disease caused by β1-AR autoantibody on both cellular and molecular levels .Methods The micro-mechanics of an acutely isolated single myocardial cell from rat was detected by using the atomic force microscopy ( AFM) in combination with laser scanning confocal micro-scope (LSCM) before and after binding to β1-AR autoantibodies.The ventricular myocyte contraction and the intracellular calcium concentration were observed as well .Results The micro-mechanics of a single ventricular myocyte was increased from (44-51) nN to (76-82) nN after binding to β1-AR autoantibodies. Its contraction frequency was also increased from (0.17±0.04) Hz to (0.40±0.03) Hz (P<0.05).More-over, the intracellular calcium fluorescence intensity was increased significantly during contraction in com -parison with that before binding to β1-AR autoantibodies [ ( 102.1 ±12.3 ) % vs ( 154.3 ±16.7 ) %, P<0.01 ] .Conclusion β1-AR autoantibody could affect the contraction and the micro-mechanics of ventricu-lar myocytes and the intracellular calcium concentration in ventricular myocytes .

Objective To investigate the oxalate-degrading abilities of 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria for yoghourt fermentation. Methods Ten different strains of lactic acid bacteria (L.acidophilus, L.paracasei, Enterococcaceae faecium, B. lactis, B. adolescentis, B. infantis, B.longum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremori, L.bulgaricus and S. thermophilus) were cultured separately in culture fluid containing 5 mmol/L oxalate. Seventy-two hours after culture, the concentrations of oxalate and lactic acid bacteria were detected. Besides, blank control cultured without lactic acid bacteria was established. Results Seventy-two hours after culture, the concentrations of all the 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria were significantly higher than those before culture (P<0.01). Compared with blank control, the concentrations of oxalate in the culture fluid with 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria decreased 72 h after culture, and were significantly different from those before culture for L.acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremori, B.longum, B. adolescentis and B. lactis (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The oxalate-degrading rate of B. lactis was the highest (29.03%), and that of Enterococcaceae faecium was the lowest (0.23%). The correlation analysis revealed that there was no significant correlation between times of proliferation and oxalate-degrading rates (r=0.435 7, P=0.208 2). Conclusion All of the 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria for yoghourt fermentation have the ability of oxalate degrading, and there is no correlation between lactic acid bacteria proliferation and oxalate degradation.

Objective To compare the effects of kidney calcium oxalate calculus resistant acidophilus milk (KCOCRAM) versus commercially available acidophilus milk (CAAM) on urinary oxalate excretion in rats. Methods Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10), and were bred with KCOCRAM (KCOCRAM group), CAAM (CAAM group), sterilized KCOCRAM (sterilized KCOCRAM group), sterilized CAAM (sterilized CAAM group) and water (blank control group), respectively for a consecutive 20 d, with 4 mL/d for each rat. The data of body weight and 24 h urinary oxalate excretion volume were obtained 1 d before breeding and every 4 d during breeding. Results During breeding, body weight and 24 h urinary oxalate excretion volume of each group increased with time. There was no significant difference in urinary oxalate excretion volume among sterilized KCOCRAM group, sterilized CAAM group and blank control group (P>0.05). The increase tendency of KCOCRAM group and CAAM group was weaker than that of the other three groups. The urinary oxalate excretion volume was significantly lower in KCOCRAM group than that in sterilized KCOCRAM group from 8 d after breeding, and that was significantly lower in CAAM group than that in sterilized CAAM group from 12 d after breeding (P<0.05). The urinary oxalate excretion volume was significantly lower in KCOCRAM group than that in CAAM group from 16 d after breeding (P<0.05). There was a positive correlationship between body weight and 24 h urinary oxalate excretion volume in each group (r＝0.97-0.99, P<0.01). Conclusion Both KCOCRAM and CAAM can reduce urinary oxalate excretion in rats, and the former has a more favourable effect.

Objective To observe the survival of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) after injection into the vitreous of rabbits,and the animal safety under those procedures.Methods Twenty-seven pigmented rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (intravitreal injection 1 week group,2 weeks group and 4 weeks group),each with 9 rabbits.For each animal the right eye was the experimental eye receiving hUC-MSCs injection,while the left eye was the control eye receiving cuhure medium.The rabbit eyes were examined by slit-lamp microscope,indirect ophthalmoscopy,fundus photography,fundus fluorescence angiography(FFA)and Tono-pen tonometer before and after injection.hUC-MSCs were labeled by CM-Dil in vitro,and their survival status was measured by eonfocal fluorescence microscopy,light microscope and transmission electron microscope at 4 weeks after injection.Results Four weeks after injection,a large number of the hUC-MSCs were still alive in the vitreous cavity.The overall condition of those rabbits was good.The anterior segment and retina of experimental eyes were normal,without hyperfluorescence,hypofluorescenee and leakage in the retina at 1,2 and 4 weeks after injection.There was no significant difference on lOP before and after injection at different time points (P>0.05),and no obvious changes at cornea,anterior chamber angle,lens,retinal structure by.light microscope and transmission electron microscope examination.Conclusion hUC-MSCs can survive in the rabbit vitreous for four weeks;intravitreal injection of hUC-MSCs was safe and feasible.

Objective: To summarize the evolving concept in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures and the development of internal fixation devices. Methods: Related literature concerning the implant devices to treat intertrochanteric fractures was reviewed and analyzed in terms of the biomechanical characteristics, clinical application, and complications. Results: The treatment of intertrochanteric fractures has undergone an evolving concept from conservative treatment to surgical treatment. Surgery strategies include extramedullary fixation and intramedullary fixation. Intramedullary fixation has gradually become the main treatment of intertrochanteric fractures due to its minimally invasive and biomechanical advantages. However, the current intramedullary fixation system still can not reconstruct the medial cortical support of the proximal femur, which leads to some failures in the treatment of unstable fractures. Conclusion: The development of internal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures is based on the deep understanding and biomechanical theory of intertrochanteric fractures in clinical practice. In the future, the updated design of internal fixation devices will depend on the treatment principle of reconstruction of medial support and secondary stabilization of intertrochanteric fractures, and finally the purpose of improving success rate and reducing postoperative complications of intertrochanteric fracture will achieved.

Intertrochanteric fracture is the most common hip fracture. Due to severe osteoporosis and high degree of fracture comminution, initial implant failure or nonunion occasionally occurs. It is still controversial how to formulate a more effective strategy for revision and fixation after failed primary operation for patients who have high functional needs and/or long-life expectancy. Common surgical procedures include angle-stabilized extramedullary plate systems (dynamic condylar screw or dynamic hip screw), cephalomedullary nail systems (proximal femoral nail antirotation, InterTAN, and trochanteric fixation nail advanced) with/without medial augmentation plate. For patients with intertrochanteric fracture who have suffered from primary operation failure, the basic principle for revision is to mechanically reconstruct the stable triangular structure of the proximal femur in order to improve the mechanical stability of the fracture ends as much as possible so that fracture healing and early functional exercise can be ensured. This paper reviews the clinical and biomechanical studies published, analyzes the mechanical factors responsible for failure of initial surgery, summarizes revision strategy and clinical prognosis, and provides our clinical experience and technical innovations, hoping to help clinicians in choosing an optimal revision strategy.