Professor YU Shu-zhuang is a distinguished acupuncturist in China. He has practiced the TCM acupuncture-moxibustion clinical, educational and scientific research for 60 years in his life. In clinic, he summarized the experiences "five-ming first"; in treatment, he insisted "dredging" and "regulating", protecting the function of spleen and stomach, and needles should be less but specific. In the meanwhile, he made a deep study on the function and clinical effects of specific acupoints, and used the research results of propagated sensation along channel to guide clinical treatment, forming his special academic points. Professor YU has educated a great number of acupuncture-moxibustion talents in China and foreign countries, making great contribution to the popularization of acupuncture-moxibustion in the worldwide.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century

Objective: To conduct a Meta-analysis to analyze the short-term and long-term preventive effects of whole breast irradiation combined with tumor bed boost on short- and long-term local recurrence rates and local recurrence rate of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer in patients with breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) after breast conserving-surgery (BCS). Methods: A computer-based online search of PubMed, China Journal Full-text Database (CJFD), China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc), Embase and Cochrane Library was performed to include eligible studies in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used for quality assessment of included articles. RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results: A total of 14 non-randomized controlled trials (13 were cohort study, and 1 was nonsimultaneous controlled trial) involving 8679 patients with breast DCIS were included. The results of this Meta-analysis showed that no statistically significant differences between whole breast irradiation and whole breast irradiation combined with tumor bed boost in terms of 5-year local recurrence rate [odds ratio (OR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-1.82; P = 0.81], 7-year local recurrence rate (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.45-1.09; P = 0.11), ≥ 10-year local recurrence rate (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.79-1.15; P= 0.62) and the local recurrence rate of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.62-1.29; P = 0.55). Conclusion: As compared with whole breast irradiation, the whole breast irradiation combined with tumor bed boost in patients with DCIS after BCS can not obviously decrease the 5-year, 7-year and ≥ 10-year local recurrence rates, as well as the local recurrence rate of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer.

Migraine is a common nervous system disease, which could seriously affect the quality of life. However, the medical treatment of migraine cannot meet the clinical needs at present. With the deepening of research, serotonin 1F receptor agonists and drugs targeting CGRP are more and more developed and marketed. In this paper, the mechanism of action, safety and efficacy, metabolic characteristics of these drugs were systematically evaluated to provide a more scientific basis for clinical prevention and treatment of migraine.

As a fluorinated hydrocarbon anesthetic, methoxyflurane may cause serious adverse reactions such as renal damage under anesthetic doses, but its analgesic effect at sub-anaesthetic doses is safe, high tolerability, and short-term acute Good choice for analgesia. This article describes the pharmacokinetics, clinical validity, adverse reactions and clinical application of methoxyflurane, and explores the feasibility of methoxyflurane as an analgesic in clinical application. Methoxyflurane is convenient to use as an inhaled analgesic. It can provide patients with emergency analgesia without intravenous administration. It is a good choice for emergency analgesia in pre-hospital and emergency settings.

OBJECTIVETo establish baseline patterns of rotavirus diarrhea and to describe its epidemiologic features in Changchun city, prior to rotavirus vaccine immunization.

METHODSHospital-based surveillance was conducted among children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea in Changchun Children's Hospital. Fecal samples were determined to identify rotavirus by PAGE and/or ELISA. G serotypes of rotavirus were identified by ELISA and/or nested RT-PCR. P genotyping were carried out by RT-PCR. All data were computerized and analysed by "Generic Manual on Rotavirus Surveillance" set by CDC in the USA.

RESULTSIn total, 2 343 diarrhea cases were screened and 1 211 fecal samples were collected. Rotavirus was detected in 31.0% among outpatients and 52.9% in inpatients. During the peak of the season (November through March), 58.6% of diarrhea was caused by rotavirus among inpatients. 95.0% of rotavirus diarrhea cases occurred among children aged < 2 years. The predominant strain was serotype G1 (82.4%), followed by G2 (5.0%), G3 (3.3%), G4 (0.9%). P genotyping showed that P[8] and P[4] were the most common ones. Nine different P-G combinations were identified, four strains (P[8]G1, P[4]G2, P[8]G3, and P[8]G4) commonly seen worldwide accounted for 75.6% of the total. Taken together with uncommon strains, including the novel types P[4]G4 and P[8]G2, it highlights the extraordinary diversity of rotaviruses circulating in China.

CONCLUSIONRotavirus is the major cause of severe child diarrhea in Changchun. Developing a rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe disease and reduction of treatment costs seemed to be necessary.

Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; etiology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Feces ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rotavirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Serotyping

OBJECTIVETo provide information on epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Beijing, China.

METHODSAn ongoing hospital-based surveillance was conducted among children < 5yr old with acute diarrhea according to WHO generic protocol (CID-98). During a 3-year study (Apr. 1998 to Mar. 2001), a total of 484 stool samples were collected from 1 457 patients, including 275 samples from 1 048 outpatients and 209 samples from 409 inpatients.

RESULTSThe overall detection rate of rotavirus infection was 25.4%. Rotavirus was responsible for 27.3% of diarrhea inpatients on a yearly base, and 46.2% during rotavirus season. Two peaks of diarrhea were observed each year, one in the summer (June-Sep.) due to bacterial dysentery (16.7%) and another in fall winter (Oct.-Dec.) due to rotavirus infection (23.0%). The detection rate on rotavirus was the highest in age group of 6 - 11 months (38.2%), followed by 1 - 2 years old (28.5%). Ninety six point eight percentage of children were infected under 3 years of age. The number of deaths, possibly caused by rotavirus diarrhea were accounted for 40% of all diarrhea deaths and 11.1% of the total deaths. Serotyping of 123 rotavirus isolates showed that serotype G1 (55.3%) was predominant, followed by G2 (26.8%), G3 (9.8%), G4 (0.8%), and 10 isolates (8.1%) remained non-typeable. Mixed infections (0.8%) seemed to be rare.

CONCLUSIONRotavirus diarrhea was an important infectious disease among children in Beijing. Safe and effective rotavirus vaccines for the prevention of severe diarrheas and the reduction of treatment costs are of significant importance to China.

Age Factors ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Dysentery ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Hospitals ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Rotavirus ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; Serotyping

COVID-19 pandemic has put a huge burden on public health and global economy. Vaccines play an important role in controlling virus transmission and reducing mortality. While monoclonal virus neutralizing antibodies can reduce the viral load, improve symptoms, and prevent the aggravation of the disease from hospitalization. Now hundreds of clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine and monoclonal neutralizing antibody are in progress. The vaccine focuses on disease prevention, while the neutralizing antibody focuses on disease treatment. There are quite many differences between the two kinds of clinical trials by following different technical guidelines, research purpose, trial design, implementation and outcome assessment. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the similarities and differences between the clinical trials for the reference of new drug research and development as well as clinical researchers.

BACKGROUNDHuman U three protein 14a (hUTP14a) promotes p53 degradation. Moreover, hUTP14a expression is upregulated in several types of tumors. However, the expression pattern of hUTP14a in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate hUTP14a expression and its prognostic value in HCC.

METHODSThe hUTP14a expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in HCC tissue specimens. The correlations between hUTP14a expression and clinicopathological variables were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the association between hUTP14a expression and survival. Independent prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed using the Cox proportional-hazards regression model.

RESULTSThe IHC data revealed that the hUTP14a positivity rate in HCC tissue specimens was significantly higher than that in nontumorous tissue specimens (89.9% vs. 72.7%, P < 0.05). The hUTP14a expression was detected in both the nucleolus and the cytoplasm. The positivity rate of nucleolar hUTP14a expression in HCC tissue specimens was higher than that in the nontumorous tissue specimens (29.3% vs. 10.1%, P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between HCC and nontumorous tissue specimens of cytoplasmic hUTP14a expression (60.6% vs. 62.6%, P > 0.05). In addition, no significant correlation was found between nucleolar hUTP14a expression and other clinicopathological variables. The 5-year OS and DFS rates in patients with positive nucleolar hUTP14a expression were significantly lower than those in patients with negative hUTP14a expression (P = 0.004 for OS, P = 0.003 for DFS). Multivariate analysis showed that nucleolar hUTP14a expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.004) and DFS (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSThe positivity rate of hUTP14a expression was significantly higher in HCC specimens. Positive expression of nucleolar hUTP14a might act as a novel prognostic predictor for patients with HCC.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; mortality ; pathology ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; mortality ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nucleolar ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo find a suitable cell line for hepatitis A antigen expressed by vaccinia virus vector and to find a way of inactivation and preservation of the HAV recombinant antigen. Methods Series of cell lines such as K4,143, HEL, Hep-2 and Vero were inoculated with vaccinia virus that can express HAV recombinant antigen. ELISA was used to determine the contents of expression antigen. The characterization of the HAV antigen expressed by vaccinia virus was then analyzed after it was treated with different methods.

RESULTSThe expression of HAV recombinant antigen in K4,143 and HEL cell lines was a little more than expression in Hep-2 and Vero cell lines. The antigenicity is obviously higher when HAV recombinant antigen was inactivated by beta-propiolactone other than it was inactivated by formalin. It was best to preserve the prepared HAV recombinant antigen under -40 degrees C condition.

CONCLUSIONSThe application of vaccinia virus vector in hepatitis A antigen preparation was very useful and promising.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Formaldehyde ; pharmacology ; Genetic Vectors ; Hepatitis A Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Propiolactone ; pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins ; immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; immunology ; Vaccinia virus ; genetics

Positron emission tomography (PET) now plays an important role in the research and development (R&D) of central nervous system (CNS) drugs. PET could characterize the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and receptor binding of CNS drugs quantitatively. The present review summarized the quantitative methods of PET used in the pharmacokinetics and receptor occupancy analysis of CNS drugs. Moreover, the present review listed various applications of PET supporting R&D of CNS drugs, which could provide a new direction for the R&D of CNS drugs.