Objective : To investigate the awareness of nutritional health knowledge regular unpaid blood donors in Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into nutrition and health education among unpaid blood donors. Methods: The regular unpaid blood donors were sampled using a convenient sampling method from Zhoushan Central Blood Station from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. The nutritional health knowledge was investigated using the Chinese Nutrition Health Knowledge Questionnaire for Adults compiled by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the awareness and source of nutritional health knowledge was descriptively analyzed. Results: Totally 526 questionnaires were allocated, and 502 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.44%. The respondents included 240 men (47.81%) and 262 women (52.19%), and included 343 individuals at ages of 18 to 44 years (68.33%), and 159 individuals at ages of 45 years and older (31.67%). The overall awareness of nutritional health knowledge was 14.54% among regular unpaid blood donors in Zhoushan City, and a higher awareness was seen among female regular unpaid blood donors (17.56%) than among males (11.25%) (P<0.05), while the awareness of nutritional health knowledge was significantly higher among respondents at ages of 18 to 44 years than among those at ages of 45 years and older (16.91% vs. 9.43%, P<0.05). The awareness of nutritional health knowledge was significantly higher among respondents with an educational level of junior college and above than among those with an educational level of high school/technical secondary school/technical school (17.24% vs. 12.22%, P<0.05), and the awareness was significantly higher among respondents with healthcare-related occupations than among those with other occupations (16.44% vs. 14.22%, P<0.05). Wechat, Weibo, Tik Tok and Kuaishou were main routes to obtain nutritional health knowledge (83.86%). Conclusions The awareness of nutritional health knowledge is low among regular unpaid blood donors in Zhoushan City. Men, middle-aged and elderly residents and residents with a low educational level are targets that should be given a high priority for nutritional health education, and new media may be fully utilized for nutritional health education.

In order to prove safety and efficacy, herbal medicines must undergo the rigorous scientific researches such as pharmacokinetic and bioavailability, before they are put on the market in the foreign countries. Botanical Drug Products promulgated by the US FDA could guide industry sponsors to develop herbal drugs, which was also an important reference for investigating Chinese herbal medicines. This paper reviews and discusses novel approaches for how to assess systemic exposure and pharmacokinetic of Chinese herbal medicines, which were in line with FDA guidance. This mainly focus on identifying pharmacokinetic markers of botanical products, integral pharmacokinetic study of multiple components, Biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system, and population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study in herb-drug interaction.
Animals ; Biomarkers, Pharmacological ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; Herbal Medicine ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo explore the molecular basis for an individual with CisAB subtype of the ABO blood group.

METHODSABO antigen and serum antibody of the proband were detected with a serological method. Exons 5 to 7 of the ABO gene were amplified with PCR and sequenced bidirectionally. Allele-specific amplification for exon 6 to 7 was also carried out.

RESULTSThe proband was assigned as a CisAB phenotype based on his serological characteristics. Heterozygous variations including 220C/T, 261G/del, 297A/G, 467C/T, 646A/T, 681A/G, 771C/T, 803G/C, 829A/G and 1009A/G of the ABO gene were identified through direct sequencing, which was assigned as CisAB01var/O02 genotype. Allele-specific amplification indicated that the proband carried an O02 allele and a CisAB01var allele. Compared with A102, the CisAB01var allele has two nucleotide substitutions at 803G>C and 1009A>G, which resulted in replacement of amino acid Gly by Ala at position 268 and Arg by Gly at position 337.

CONCLUSIONThe CisAB subtype was identified with 803G>C and 1009A>G variants in the α1,3-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase gene compared with that of the A102 allele.

Objective To explore the application effects of Donabedian's structure-process-outcome three-dimension quality assessment model on perioperative blood glucose management among elderly patients with hip fracture. Methods From September 2016 to April 2017, a total of 129 elderly patients with hip fracture of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were numbered according to admission order. From September to December 2016, a total of 62 cases were in control group receiving routine blood glucose management. From January to April 2017, 67 cases were in observation group treated with blood glucose management based on Donabedian's three-dimension quality assessment model. And then, we compared the blood glucose on admission and before discharge, waiting time before surgery, healing time of wound and cases of hypoglycemia. At the same time, we investigated the demands of training content of medical staff (n=133). Results There was no statistical difference in the first blood glucose 24 hours after admission and 2 hours after meal of patients between two groups (P＞0.05). After intervention, the waiting time before surgery, healing time of wound and incidence rate of hypoglycemia in observation group [(3.34±0.88) d, (4.43±1.38) d and (3/67, 4.5%)]were less than those in control group [(4.63±1.41) d, (6.47±2.24) d and (10/62, 16.1%)];the fasting blood glucose and blood glucose 2 hours after meal in observation group [(5.96±1.21), (7.60±0.96) mmol/L] were lower than those in control group [(10.80±1.14), (9.94±1.98) mmol/L]one day before discharge all with significant differences (P＜ 0.05). There was also significant difference in blood glucose 2 hours after meal in observation group before and after intervention (P＜0.05). The demands of training content of medical staff (n=133) included diet management, correct usage of insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents instruction, blood glucose monitoring management;the influencing factors on implementing blood glucose management involved busy work, inconsistent dinner time, insufficient knowledge, and so forth. Conclusions Blood glucose management process based on Donabedian's three-dimension quality assessment model can effectively control perioperative blood glucose among elderly patients with hip fracture, shorten waiting time before surgery as well as healing time of wound and reduce cases of hypoglycemia which makes for overall rehabilitation of patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore the transmembrane transport and metabolism of diammonium glycyrrhizinate in intestines of rats.

METHODAn Ussing Chamber model were used to investigate the transmembrane transport of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (GZ), the concentrations of diammonium glycyrrhizinate and its two metabolites were determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe permeability coefficients of GZ in difference intestinal mucous membranes were ranged from 0.3 x 10(-6) cm x s(-1) to 1.1 x 10(-6) cm x s(-1). The metabolism of GZ in enterocytes during its transport process was negligible. The concentration of diammonium glycyrrhizinate and pH had limit effects on the transport amount and the permeability coefficients of GZ.

CONCLUSIONGZ is a low permeability drug, but it can be absorbed at all segments of the small intestine in rats. Ileum is the major absorption region of GZ.

Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestine, Small ; chemistry ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the implementation methods and effects of precise quality control model mediated by nursing quality indexes in quality management.Methods Fifty-seven care units with complete quality control data were collected. From January to December 2015, the 57 using the traditional quality control mode were selected as control group, whilst from January to December 201657 units were chosen for the intervention group using precision quality control mode, that was, to select the number of indicators and target values, screening quality control points, unified the acquisition path of indicators, lock the key departments and monitoring points affecting the quality to carry out quality management performance. We observed the changes of the two groups of quality indicators.Results The nine process quality indicators including wards 6S management, first aid techniques, health education, primary care, first class and critical care nursing, safe treatment, operating nursing documents,drug and sterile product quality and pass rate of identity verification were significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). The five outcome quality indicators including hospitalized patients fall, dosing defects, hospital pressure sores, burns and urinary uncontrolled extubation rates were significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05) as well.Conclusions The quality control model, which is mediated by the nursing quality index, is helpful to improve the nursing quality. It is an effective quality control mode to achieve continuous improvement of nursing quality.

Objective·To investigate the expression of miR-146a in peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and its correlation with inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6).Methods·A total of 30 active RA patients who received medical treatment and 30 healthy controls who underwent physical examinations at the People's Hospital of Longhua,Shenzhen from August 2019 to July 2021 were selected.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and CD4+T lymphocytes were isolated from venous blood extracted from RA patients and healthy controls,respectively.Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)was used to detect the expression of miR-146a in peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of TNF-α and IL-6.After transfection of the peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes of RA patients with miR-146a mimic,the expression of miR-146a,TNF-α and IL-6 was detected again.The correlations between miR-146a expression and TNF-α and IL-6 expression in RA patients,both before and after transfection,were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient.Results·Before transfection with miR-146a mimic,the expression levels of miR-146a,TNF-α and IL-6 in peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes of RA patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls(all P＜0.001).After transfection,the expression of miR-146a in peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes of RA patients was significantly higher,and the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly lower(all P＜0.001).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression of miR-146a in peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes of RA patients,both before and after transfection,was positively correlated with the expression of TNF-α and IL-6,respectively(r=0.959,P＜0.001;r=0.916,P＜0.001;r=0.971,P＜0.001;r=0.861,P＜0.001).Conclusion·miR-146a can regulate the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in peripheral blood CD4+T lymphocytes of RA patients,indicating that miR-146a may play a role in the pathogenesis of RA.

【Objective】 To study the characteristics of voluntary apheresis platelet donors in Zhoushan Islands and its influence on the collection and supply of apheresis platelets. 【Methods】 From January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021, 1038 eligible donors were selected out of 1151 apheresis candidates for demographic analysis, donation time analysis, blood routine test. We also investigated whether the current supply of apheresis platelet met the needs of clinical. The lapsed donors(with only one donation) were telephone interviewed to investigate the lapsing reasons. 【Results】 From 2017 to 2021, the median (M) ratio of platelet donors to the population in Zhoushan City was 0.454 ‰. And 90.18% (1038/1151) of the candidates completed donation, involving 2659 donations and 3205 U products. The per capita donation amount was (1.29±0.77) U per person, which basically met the blood demand in clinical of Zhoushan Islands. The 1038 platelet donors were 18 to 59 yeas old[M(QR) 34(16)], and 47.50% (493/1038) of them aged 31 to 45; the ratio of male to female blood donors was 2.0∶1; 70.61% (733/1038) had college education or above; ABO blood group profile was A>O>B>AB. There were several peak periods of donation during 2017~2021: the second and third quarters of 2017~2019 and the third quarter of 2020; none in 2021, as yeae 2021 was volatile. The donation proportion of the first quarter was the lowest throughout 2017~2021. In 2017 and 2018, the proportion of donors with one donation accounted for 79.79% (75/94) and 51.63% (95/184), respectively. From 2019 to 2021, the proportion of donors with twice or more donation accounted for 60.35% (137/227), 57.36% (187/326) and 53.13% (170/320) , respectively. During 5 years, 10.88% (113/1051) of the candidates failed to donate platelets, of whom 72.57% (82/113) were due to unqualified pre-donation testing. 【Conclusion】 The donation behaviors in Zhoushan have been affected by each above-mentioned demographic factors. The awareness of donation and donation services in Zhoushan have been improved as combing the special geographic condition and demographic characteristics together, and the donation units is elevating yearly which has met the clinical needs of the whole island.

The increasing incidence of myopia has become a significant public health issue worldwide.Since its estab-lishment in 2015,the International Myopia Institute(IMI)has published a series of white papers on myopia prevention and control in 2019 and 2021,advancing the scientific management and clinical research of myopia prevention and control worldwide.In 2023,IMI released new white papers on myopia prevention and control.In this paper,the highlights of the third series of IMI white papers on children,young adults,and emerging research areas in myopia are interpreted,intend-ing to help related professionals understand the management and research focus of myopia patients of different ages.

Posterior staphyloma (PS) refers to the local abnormal bulge of the posterior wall of the eyeball, which is one of the common pathological changes in high myopia.The appearance of PS is often accompanied by changes in fundus microstructure such as sclera, choroid and Bruch membrane.The abnormality of fundus microstructure leads to the decrease of its resistance to the expansion of ocular axis, or causes the remodeling of tissue structure in the corresponding area, resulting in the change of microvascular structure, and then giving rise to abnormal blood circulation in the posterior pole.The microcirculatory changes may be followed by changes in fundus microstructure, seriously affecting the visual acuity of the affected eyes.There is still no clear conclusion on the pathogenesis of PS in the world, and there are no good preventive measures or treatment methods.This article reviewed and summarized the interaction between PS, fundus structure and microcirculation in high myopia, so as to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of PS and improving the visual function of high myopia.