In this work we studied systematically the correlation between the electrone-gativity, n/r or n*/r*, and the vibrational frequency of the chemical bond X-H, vX-H, in the covalent molecular hydrides. The results showed that there is good linear relationship between them.For the molecules of the type HnX-H, two cases were discussed.Case I, when the elements (X)are situated in the same group in the periodic table, the linear relation may be expressed in the following formala:(1)Here K is a constant which varies with the number of valence electrons on the atom X.Case II , when the elements(X) are situated in the same period in the periodic table, the empirical equation can be written as follows:(2)Here A and B are constants determined by the principle quantum number and the number of valence electrons in atom X respectively.For the molecules of the type YnX-H there is also a good linear relationship between vX-H and ∑n*/r*(Y), that is,vX-H?10-2=a + b∑n*/r*(Y)(3)Here a and b are constants determined by the position of the atom(X) in the periodic table.Using the above equations we have calculated the vibrational frequences, vX-H The values obtained are close to those obtained by other authors. Therefore, the results also confirm that the values of electronegativty calculated by our methods published in the previous papers(11) are trustworthy.In addition some characteristics of these equations were analyzed and discussed preliminarily.

ObjectiveTo present the experience of microsurgery for giant sellar region tumor via supraorbital pterional approach. Methods Eighteen patients with giant sellar region tumor were treated microsurgically ,There were 7 pituitary adenomas, 8 craniopharyngiomas, 1 germinoma, 1 meningioma and 1 teratoma.ResultsTumor was totally removed in 12 cases,subtotally removed in 6. The patients were followed up with a period of 4 to 23 months,good recovery was achieved in 12 cases,moderate in 3,severe deficit in 1,1 patient died 16 days after operation. ConclusionSupraorbital pterional approach offers an excellent expposure to sellar region tumor and its surrounding structures. Microsurgical techniques play a great role in tumor removing and preserving hypothalamic function during operation.

AIM: Study results are various in the mechanism and influential factors of backleg pain in patients with lumber intervertebral disc protrusion. This study aimed to explore the correlation of sagittal index and changes in nucleus pulposus inflammatory factor to low back and leg pain. METHODS: The patients with single unilateral prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc who were non-central type lumbar disc herniation (L3-4, L4-5 or L5-S1) and non-lumbar spondylolisthesis accompanied with spinal canal stenosis and intraspinal canal disease surgically treated with limited laminectomy from October 1999 to February 2005. The total number of subjects was 41 including 30 men and 11 women and the patients ranged from 28 to 72 years old in age. Of them, 12 were the type of bulge, 15 were the type of protrusion and 14 were the type of free disc herniation of the lumbar spine. Another 17 involved intervertebral discs obtained in the decompression of lumbar bursting fractures were taken as a control group, in which were 10 males and 7 females aged 19-73 years. A questionnaire survey of painful symptoms to evaluate degree of low back and leg pain with visual analogue scale (VAS) was performed by the same non-experimental physician on admission. The ratio of the maximum sagittal diameter of protrusion and the sagittal diameter of the same level vertebral canal was sagittal index to describe degree of protrusion. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and interleukin (IL)-1 contents were determined. Backleg pain degree of the protrusion was analyzed. RESULTS: All patients were included in the final results. The MMP-3 and IL-1 contents and the sagittal index of the protrusion in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were higher than in the control group (P

Objective To investigate the current application of teaching cadavers and attitudes of medical students towards body donation and anatomy practicum and to make proposals on teaching and learning of human anatomy.Methods A on the spot questionnaire survey among 300 students studying in Hebei Medical University was conducted and the acquired data were contrasted analyzed.Results The teaching cadavers were insufficient and the quality of anatomy education was directly affected.Medical students took unfavorable attitudes towards anatomy practice and knew little about body donation.The main factors affected body donations were traditional concepts,lack of humanistic concern and complicated procedures of donation.Conclusions The short of teaching cadavers would be relieved by enhancing propaganda and legislation,emphasizing humanistic concern,simplifying procedures of donation.By means of anatomy teaching reformations,the learning interest and humanistic literacy of medical students are supposed to be improved.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between cervical lesion development and histone acetylation that regulates RAR-β2 expression. Methods:Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed to detect AcH3, RAR-β2, and involu-crin expression in normal cervical tissues as well as in tissues with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Ⅱ-Ⅲand squamous cell cer-vical carcinoma. The relationship among histone acetylation level, RAR-β2 expression, and cervical lesion severity were analyzed. Re-sults:AcH3, RAR-β2, and involucrin expression were reduced or absent with the progression of cervical lesions;significant differences were noted between the groups (P<0.05). Histone acetylation level and RAR-β2 expression were positively correlated (r=0.797, P<0.05). AcH3 and RAR-β2 expression, which were both associated with the cervical lesions, were negatively correlated [r=-0.547(AcH3), r=-0.585(RAR-β2), P<0.05]. Conclusion:Histone acetylation modification is associated with the regulation of RAR-β2 expression. This pro-cess is also likely to participate in the carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma.

We synthesized the superparamagnetic paclitaxel nanoparticles from modified chitosan tangling around Fe3O4 ferrofluid and taxol, and observed the nanoparticles with transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Then we evaluated the paramagnetism of the particles by vibration specimen magnetometer (VSM) and tested their cytotoxicity with flow cytometry (FCM). The prepared nanoparticle solution was black without any floccule or sediment and appeared transparent after diluted. The nanoparticles were spherical and dispersed in water with mean diameter of 15 nm under TEM and showed superparamagnetic character. FCM test showed the nanoparticles had significant toxic effects against malignant astrocytoma U251 cell lines, equal to taxol alone. These results showed that the superparamagnetic nanoparticle not only enhanced the solubility of paclitaxel in water, but also was superparamagnetic and cytotoxic, which make suitable tools for magnetic targeting chemotherapy of brain gliomas.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Brain Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chitosan ; pharmacology ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Ferric Compounds ; Glioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Metal Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo prepare a new dental topical anesthetics, lidocaine hydrochloride loaded trans-activator of transcription peptide conjugated nano-niosome (LID-TAT-N), and to evaluate its transdermal properties and topical anesthesia effects.

METHODSLID-TAT-N was prepared using reverse-phase evaporation method, and lidocaine loaded conventional liposome (LID-CL) was prepared in the same manner as positive control. The diameter, ζ potential and encapsulation efficiency of LID-TAT-N and LID-CL were measured. The skin permeation of LID-TAT-N was examined, and compared with LID-CL and lidocaine injection (LID-IJ, as negative control), using a Franz diffusion cell mounted with depilated mouse skin in vitro for 12 hours. Each experiment was repeated six times. The anesthetic effect of the new topical anesthetic was investigated on the cornea of rabbits.

RESULTSThe mean diameter of LID-TAT-N was smaller than that of LID-CL [(152.7 ± 10.6) nm vs. (259.5 ± 15.5) nm, P < 0.01]. The 12 h cumulative permeation amount was significantly higher in LID-TAT-N group [(1 340.0 ± 97.5) µg · cm(-2)] than those of LID-CL and LID-IJ groups [(1 060.6 ± 80.2), (282.6 ± 65.1) µg · cm(-2), respectively, P < 0.05]. Rabbit corneal reflex results showed that LID-TAT-N had anesthetic effect and the duration of analgesia [(24.8 ± 2.8) min] was also longer than that of LID-IJ [(14.5 ± 2.3) min, P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONSLID-TAT-N had good transdermal ability, and the advanced skin penetration feature can improve its tropical anesthetic effect.

Administration, Cutaneous ; Anesthesia, Dental ; Anesthetics, Local ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Blinking ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cornea ; drug effects ; physiology ; Lidocaine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Liposomes ; Mice ; Nanoconjugates ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Peptides ; Rabbits ; Skin ; metabolism ; Skin Absorption ; Trans-Activators ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics

Objective To investigate the radioactivity distribution of 131 I-bovine serum albumin ( BSA )-mesoporous silica nanoparticles ( MSNs )-anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) and to explore its antitumor efficacy in ATC-bearing nude mouse models. Methods 131 I-BSA-MSNs-anti-VEGFR2 and 131 I-BSA-MSNs were constructed. FRO tumor xenografts were established and the SPECT/CT images of tumor-bearing mice were acquired at differ-ent time points after intratumoral injection with 131 I-BSA-MSNs-anti-VEGFR2 ( targeting group) , 131 I-BSA-MSNs ( non-targeting group) , Na131 I ( Na131 I group) and saline ( control group) , respectively. The changes of body mass and tumor volume in each group were recorded. Two-sample t test and log-rank test were used to analyze the data. Results After incubation for 3 h, the fluorescence intensity in targeting group was higher than that in non-targeting group (345.26±16.35 vs 280.61±9.65;t=5.90, P<0.05). After injection for 1-3 weeks, the radioactivity detected by SPECT/CT in targeting group was obviously stronger than that in non-targeting group ( t values:7.060-12.780, all P<0.05) . At the end of the observation, the tumor vol-ume of Na131I group, control group, non-targeting group and targeting group increased to (278.3±19.3)％, (296.6±24.2)％, (198.7±13.2)％ and (103.7±6.2)％ of the original volume, respectively. The body mass of the first 2 groups decreased to (88.6±3.0)％ and (86.2±3.1)％ of the original body mass respec-tively, while that of the latter 2 groups increased to (102.1±3.1)％ and (116.2±3.4)％ of the original body mass respectively. Survival analysis showed that the median survival time in targeting group ( 38 d) was sig-nificantly longer than that in non-targeting group (34 d;χ2=8.05, P<0.05). Conclusion 131I-BSA-MSNs-anti-VEGFR2 can effectively inhibit the tumor growth of ATC and prolong the survival of tumor-bearing nude mice, which gives a good suggestion for the treatment and prognosis evaluation of ATC.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of colorectal liver metastasis (CLM). Methods: A retrospectively analysis of 187 patients with CLM who underwent liver resection with or without RFA from January 2009 to August 2016 in Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences was performed. According to whether RFA was used intraoperatively, patients were divided into resection only group and combined treatment group. The clinical and pathological characteristics of the two groups were compared to explore factors influencing survival and recurrence. Imbalance of background characteristics between the two groups was further overcome by propensity score matching method (PSM). Results: The number of liver metastases (267), simultaneous liver metastases (100%), bilobar involvement (73.3%) and preoperative chemotherapy (93.3%) rates were significantly higher in the combined treatment group than those in the resection only group(471, 74.7%, 42.0% and 63.1%)(all P<0.05). In the combined treatment group, median overall survival (OS) was 25.7 months; and 3-year and 5-year OS were 47.9% and 28.8%, respectively. In the resection only group, the median survival time was 46.9 months; and 3-year and 5-year OS rate was 59.1% and 42.4%, respectively (χ²=4.579, P=0.034). Median disease-free survival (DFS) was 5.4 months in the combined treatment group, and 10.1 months in the resection only group (χ²=5.399, P=0.023). In multivariate analysis, intraoperative RFA was not an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS (HR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.47-2.08, P=0.965; HR=1.21, 95%CI: 0.71-2.07, P=0.465). After PSM, the median OS of the resection only and the combined treatment groups were 30.2 and 25.7 months (χ²=0.876, P=0.350). The median DFS in the two groups was 5.3 and 4.2 months, respectively (χ²=0.199, P=0.650). Conclusion In patients with similar tumor burden, liver resection combined with intraoperative RFA for unresectable CLM can achieve long-term outcomes similar to hepatectomy alone for resectable CLM.

Objective To describe and analyze the current situation of the four same type of departments in an hospital in order to provide a reference for the construction of"the most cost-effective medical care".Methods The CN-DRG were used to automatically group and compare the medical capacity and inpatient service efficiency of the hospital department groups,and in the refined analysis,one DRG disease group of in situ cancer and non-malignant disease loss uterine surgery and single species uterine fibroid was included,and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to further compare the differences in length of stay and various costs.Results It included a total of 22630 patients,whose weights varied from a maximum of 3948.62 in diagnostic group 1 to a minimum of 133.55 in diagnostic group 11.The cost consumption indexes ranged from a minimum of 0.89 in diagnostic group 5 to a maximum of 1.04 in diagnostic group 2,while the time consumption indexes ranged from a minimum of 0.48 in diagnostic group 11 to a maximum of 0.81 in diagnostic group 5.When comparing the diagnostic groups,there were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)in hospitalization days,total cost,diagnostic cost,therapeutic cost,and cost of supplies.Specifically,when comparing the diagnostic and treatment groups within departments,the differences in hospitalization days and all costs were statistically significant(P＜0.05)in departments 1 and 2,the differences in diagnostic cost,therapeutic cost,and cost of supplies were statistically significant(P＜0.05)in department 3.Conclusion There exists a notable disparity in the extent to which each diagnostic and treatment group contributes to the hospital's service capacity and cost variability.Consequently,it is necessary to reasonably evaluate the length of hospital stay and medical cost of patients to achieve the highest cost-effective medical treatment.