Besides performing medical moral rules, aneasthetist should be of special morals and deal with the relation to patients and surgeon.

There is rapid growth of pediatric surgery service in China in the recent years. A survey by the China Association �A gainst �Epi�lepsy underta�ken in �June ����� 2006���� on the ma�jor cities in different parts of the country showed a dramatic increase particularly in years 2004 and 2006. Surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy accounts for half of the operation. Surgery has an important role in the treatment of drug resistant pediatric epilepsy. With large population and vast geographical spread, it is important to further develop pediatric epilepsy surgery service in China

The earliest activities related to epilepsy surgery in China ma�� � y be tra�ce��d to the 19���50s an�� �� d 60s��. A�ter a lull during the cultural revolution, there was resurgence of epilepsy surgery from the 1980s, and rapid development from 2000. It is estimated that app�roximately 150- ���200 p hysi�cians �currentl�� � y pra�cti�ce epilepsy surgery in the country.�� In year 2��� 005, there were a total of 2,��500 �cases of e�pile�ps��y o�perate��d in whole of �China, close to half in Beijing, Tian�jin, �Shanghai, �Chongqing an��d Guang�zhou, an�� a �uarter in Beijing. There are three Chinese epilepsy surgery journals, 5 monographs on epilepsy surgery, and “��Epilepsy surgery” edite�� ��� ��� �� ��� ��� d by HO Luders has also �been translate��d into �Chinese��.

Objective Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori )contains more than 30 genes and many of them in cag pathogenicity island (cag PAI) composed of cag Ⅰ and cag Ⅱ are involved in eliciting the transcription of interleikin 8 (IL 8) and the induction of IL 8 protein secretion in gastric epithelial cells, although some genes are not involved. This study was designed to observe the effect of ORF10 of H. pylori cag Ⅱ on the transcription of IL 8 in gastric epithelial cells and to test the possibility that certain genes in the cag PAI also downregulate (modulate) the transcription and expression of IL 8 in gastric epithelial cells. Methods Three strains of H. pylori mutants with deletion of ORF10 gene (ORF10, namely 28 1, 28 2, 28 3) and L5F11 cells containing IL 8 reporter gene were constructed. The constructed L5F11 cells were co cultured with the above strains and the luciferase activity (IL 8 transcription) was measured in a scintillation counter and the concentration of IL 8 protein was assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The activities of luciferase induced by 3 strains of H. pylori mutants with deletion of ORF10 gene were much higher than that of the mother strain 26695 [ 28 1:(1.49 ? 0.27)?10 6 cpm vs. (0.67 ? 0.08 )? 10 6 cpm, P

3 months) showed that 47. 2% of 36 patients had persistent relief without pain recurrence. Besides pain relief, the interventional endoscopy resulted in weight gain and improvement in quality of life in 63. 9% of 36 patients. Furthermore, the incidences of hyperamylasemia and bleeding which recovered after medication only within 3 days were 13. 9% and 5. 6% , respectively. Stent occlusion and detachment occurred respectively in 12. 5% and 4. 2% of 24 patients undergoing stent placement. Conclusion Endoscopic therapy for patients with pancreatic duct stricture appears to be safe and effective.

4 and the area under the curve of intragastric pH was increased to 7.18?1.06, (93.41?8.43)% and 6.20?10 5?0.90?10 5, respectively ( P

Objective To determine the role of endogenous NO in gastric mucosal tolerant cytoprotection under stress and its possible mechanism. Methods SD rats were exposed to WRS repeatedly during which L NAME, a non selective NOs inhibitor, and L Arg, a substrate for NO synthesis, were administered to inhibit or promote the synthesis of NO, GMBF was measured using LDF 3 flowmeter, NO levels in gastric mucosa were tested by Griess reaction and gastric mucosal lesions were evaluated by ulcer index (UI). Results Gastric tolerant cytoprotection was accompanied by increased GMBF and NO levels in gastric mucosa. Inhibition of endogenous NO synthesis by L NAME worsened mucosal lesions induced by WRS. After repeated WRS, adaptive increase of GMBF was abolished and NO content in gastric mucosa significantly reduced. In contrast, enhancement of endogenous NO synthesis by L Arg attenuated mucosal erosions caused by WRS. GMBF and NO content in mucosa increased. After 4th WRS, mucosal lesions could be negligible. Conclusion By regulating GMBF, endogenous NO might play an important role in the gastric mucosal tolerant cytoprotection under stress. Inhibition of NO synthesis delayed the induction of tolerant cytoprotection, while increase NO synthesis will ptomote the induction of tolerant cytoprotection.

Objective To investigate diagnostic significance of detecting p53 protein in cytologic specimens by endoscopic pancreatic duct brushing for pancreatic cancer. Methods p53 protein in cytologic specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the resules were compared with cytologic specimens by HE staining. Results Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of HE staining for pancreatic cancer is 53%, 100% and 70% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of detecting p53 protein for pancreatic cancer is 59%, 100%, 74% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of HE staining and detecting p53 protein for pancreatic cancer is 71%, 100%, 81% respectively. Conclusions HE staining combined with detecting p53 protein in cytologic specimens by endoscopic pancreatic duct brushing is a useful stool for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. It is helpful to differentiate benign diseases of pancreas from malignant tumor of pancreas.

0.05). The products of conjunction of cagⅠ and cagⅡ were found only in 5 strains. The detectable rate of continuous cag PAI was much higher in duodenal ulcer than in chronic gastritis ( P

Objective To investigate the effects of gastroesophageal reflux and duodenoesophageal reflux on expression of p53, Cyclin D 1, p21 and p16 in esophageal epithelium in rats. Methods Rat models of gastroesophageal reflux (G), duodenogastroesophageal reflux (DG), duodenoesophageal reflux (D) and control group (C) were set up by operations. All esophagi were draw at 1,2,4 week after operation and the expressions of p53, Cyclin D 1, p21 and p16 protein were measured by immunohistochemistry analyses. Results The levels of p53, Cyclin D 1 protein expression in reflux groups were significantly greater than those in C group, and those in D and DG group were significantly higher than in G group. The expressions of p16 protein were similar in each group. The number of p21 positive cells in D and DG group was fewer than C group at 4 week, and the staining pattern correlated well with p53 staining. Conclusions Both gastric juice and duodenal contents can change expression of p53, Cyclin D 1, p21 protein in esophageal epithelium, but not that of p16. The effects of duodenal contents is stronger than gastric juice. The changes of above genes expression may associate with the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis and its complications.