In this paper, the advances of the treatment for the most common pulmonary mycosis is introduced, and the recommended medications described. It is indicated that amphotericin B is still the first choice for the treatment of severe and rapidly progressive pulmonary mycosis. Lipid formulations of AmB can be used for those refractory or intolerant to the conventional amphotericin B. Fluconazole has proved effective in treating pulmonary candidosis, cryptococosis and coccidioidomysis. Itraconazole has been widely used in the treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis, histoplasmosis ans coccidioidomycosis.

Objective To observe the effect of the reinforcing kidney,nourishing and activating blood on promoting ovulation and improving the endometrium thickness and pregnancy rate in the process of in vitro fertilization-embryo transplantation(IVF-ET).Methods The 63 cases receiving IVF-ET were randomly divided into two groups: the treatment group(n=31) treated with GnRHa/r-FSH/HMG/HCG combined with the herbs of kidney-reinforcing,blood-nourishing and blood-activating in different periods of IVF-ET,and the control group(n=32) with GnRHa/ r-FSH/HMG/HCG alone.The dose of gonadotropin(Gn),endometrium thickness,follicular oocyte number,high-quality oocyte rate,fertilization rate,high-quality embryo rate and pregnancy rate of both groups were observed.Results In the treatment group,Gn dose was significantly lower(P

Elderly individuals make up a considerable large part of the breast cancer population.There are many different biological and pathological characteristics for this population as compared with the younger ones.Evidences on the treatment of elder patients with breast cancer are scarce.This article reviews the studies in the treatment and provides suggestions for the care of elder women with breast cancer.

Objective To study the effects and the therapeutic mechanism of Humulus scandens particles ( HSP ) on the mice with chronic bronchitis ( CB ) . Methods Mice were divided into normal control group, dextromethorphan group or ammonium chloride group, the high-, middle-and low-dose of HSP groups ( These three groups received gavage administration of HSP at 3.00 g??kg-1, 1.50 g??kg-1 and 0.75 g??kg-1,respectively) randomly.The effects of HSP on ammonia-induced cough and trachea phenol red excretion in mice were observed.CB mouse model was established by inhaling smoke and formaldehyde.In total, 60 mice were divided into 6 groups by the method of random digits table: normal control group, model control group, Guilong kechuanning capsule group, the high-, middle-and low-dose HSP groups (n=10 each group).After modeling for 18 days, mice in normal control group and model control group were administered intragastrically with 0. 9% sodium chloride solution. Mice in the high-, middle-and low-dose HSP groups were daily treated with HSP at 3.00, 1.50 and 0.75 g??kg-1 ,respectively, by intragastric administration.Mice in Guilong kechuanning Capsule group were administered with Guilong kechuanning Capsule (600 mg??kg-1), once a day, for 15 days.The tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-α) & interleukin-8 ( IL-8) contents in lung tissues of each group were determined. Results By hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, it was found that HSP alleviated the damage of CB in mice.The frequency of cough in 2 min in the normal control group, the high-, middle- and low-dose HSP groups were (17.50±5.38), (11.90±4.46), (12.60±3.47), (9.50±3.24), respectively, and the ecretion of phenol red were (0.52±0.11), (0.65±0.15), (0.64±0.14), (0.67±0.19) μg??mL-1, respectively.The content of TNF-α in lung tissues of the normal control group, model control group,the high dose HSP group was (25.8±6.9), (66.3±11.7), (43.5±7.7) ng??mg-1, respectively.The content of IL-8 in lung tissues of the normal control group, model control group, the high-dose HSP group were (27.1±9.1), (48.2±11.4) and (36.5±8.2) ng??mg-1, respectively.The contents of TNF-α and IL-8 in lung tissues of the model control group were significantly higher than those in normal control group (both P<0.01).Compared with the model control group, high-dose HSP could obviously decrease the contents of TNF-α and IL-8 in lung tissues (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion HSP can obviously alleviate the pathomorphological changes in mice with CB and has antitussive and expectorant effecs.The therapeutic mechanism of HSP for CB may be related to decreasing the contents of TNF-αand IL-8 in lung tissue.

Objective To develop and verify a multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR(Taqman probe) method for the detection of telomerase activity.Methods Specific reverse transcription primers,two pairs of quantitative primers and probes were designed for the CDS sequence of telomerase catalytic subunit telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT).After optimization of the reverse transcription primers(specific reverse transcription primers and random primers) and quantitative primers(two pairs of quantitative primer probes used alone or in combination) in the reaction system,with the primer probe of internal reference gene GAPDH,multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed in a single tube.In addition,telomerase positive standard and negative standard were prepared with 293T and MRC-5 cells respectively,and the stability and precision of the method were verified.The telomerase activity in 19 normal mesenchymal cell samples and 32 breast cancer cell samples were detected by the developed method.Results The optimum reaction system was as follows:using cDNA synthesized with specific reverse transcription primers as the template,2 pairs of quantitative primer probes of TERT gene were mixed with internal reference gene GAPDH primer probes for multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR reaction in a single tube.After optimization,the sensitivity and TERT fluorescence signal quantity of the system were greatly improved,and the ΔRn was enhanced by 3 times.The amplification curve of positive standard TERT gene was normal,and the ΔCt between TERT gene and GAPDH gene remained stable.The amplification curve of GAPDH gene in negative standard was normal,while there was no amplification curve of TERT gene.There was a little difference in ΔCt between TERT and GAPDH genes in the positive standard frozen and thawed for 3 and 5 times repeatedly and the positive standard without freezing and thawing,and the CVs of precision in intra-and inter-groups were all less than 1%.Telomerase activity was negative in 19 normal mesenchymal cell samples and positive in 32 breast cancer cell samples,and significant difference in Ct value of TERT gene between them was observed(t=4.236,P <0.001).Conclusion The developed multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR(Taqman probe) method for the detection of telomerase activity has good stability and precision,which is expected to be used in early diagnosis and gene therapy of tumors.

Objective Investigation of satisfaction of clinical nurses and analysis of the influence factors.Methods The ERG theory of Clayton Alderfer is used as the framework to design the questionnaires,for questionnaire investigation of 249 nurses in the hospital in a stratified sampling,Results The score of general satisfaction of nurses for their work is 3.40±0.58;the satisfaction of nurses for the management of their leaders and teamwork is high,as the satisfaction scores are 4.01±0.76 and 3.60±0.71 respectively;their satisfaction for salary,welfare and social identity is low,as the scores are 2.46±0.86 and 2.50±1.02 respectively.Work satisfaction varies with departments,academic levels,monthly income,work shifts,age,seniority,and objectives for their choice of nursing as profession.Conclusion Managers are prompted to enhance their work in view of the satisfaction scores on survival,mutual relations and growth,as well as factors affecting satisfaction,and take various incentives to improve overall satisfaction of nurses.

Humans ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; immunology ; therapy ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex

OBJECTIVE:To speed up the perfection of quality standards of traditional chinese medicine decoction pieces and control the quality.METHODS:To present the implication of traditional chinese medicine decoction pieces,and the influ?ence of its quality and processing on decoction.To discuss the present situation of quality standards,and to suggest some mea?sures.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Further perfection of the quality standards of traditional chinese medicine decoction pieces will be beneficial to modernization of industry of TCM and to ensure the safe use of drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the development of the core competitive power of domestic vitamin C manufacturing enterprises.METHODS:To analyse the characteristic of vitamin C industry in China and the competitive situation in the new market enviroment after China entry into WTO and to study the value chain of Chinese enterprises.RESULTS&CONCLU?SION:In order to develop the new core competitive power,it is important to breed the core of value chain that is based on in?novation.

Objective To discuss the value of unilateral adrenalectomy(UA)for the treatment of refractory or recurrent Cushing disease(RRCD).Methods From January 2003 to July 2011,10 patients with RRCD underwent UA.The preoperative symptoms,preoperative treatments,intra-and post-operative complications and follow-up in patients were reviewed.All the 10 patients presented with hypercortisolemia symptoms.Transsphenoidal surgery had been performed in 9 patients as initial therapy.Of the 10 patients,8 received radiation therapy before adrenalectomy.All the 10 cases accepted a right UA.Results No perioperative complications occurred.The 10 patients were followed up for 1-8 years.Eight patients with radiation therapy before adrenalectomy got remission.Two bilateral adrenalectomies were eventually performed because the symptoms could not be controlled.Of the 8 patients who got remission,none of them developed Nelson syndrome and none need lifelong mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid replacement therapy.Conclusions UA could be an option for RRCD.For patients with RRCD receiving radiation therapy,UA may effectively relief hypercortisolemia.Compared with bilateral adrenalectomies,UA could avert permanent adrenal insufficiency,which leads to a lifelong glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement therapies,and a life-threatening adrenal crisis.