The brachial plexus and its relative vessels of 164 bodies of different ages were examined.The following conclusion has been reached. 1.In the brachial plexus of the 164 bodies examined,no differences was found in different ages. 2.The normal and abnormal types of brachial plexus were 88.4% and 11.6% respectively. 3.The abnormal types of brachial plexus (19 specimens) could be divided into four types according to the variation of the trunks and eight types according to the variation of the divisions and cords. 4.The participation of the anterior primary rami of the fourth and fifth cervical nerves in the formation of the brachial plexus were found in 57.93% and 38.42% res- pectively.The participation of part of the anterior primary ramus of the fifth cervical nerve in the formation of the brachial plexus was 3.65%.It seemed that in the Chinese there was a predomination of the prefixed brachial plexus. 5.The blood vessels near the brachial plexus were also studied.It was found that the spaces between the roots,trunks,divisions,cords and branches of brachial plexus were often penetrated by a vessel. 6.The variation of brachial plexus was usually accompanied by the variation of blood vessels,but the variation of muscle was not constant.The formation of the bra- chial plexus is therefore related to the blood vessels and perhaps also the muscles. 7.The lateral root of the ulnar nerve occurs in 32.3% of the specimens examined. The percentage of such occurrence is lower in the Chinese as compared with the Euro- pean and American cases.

1.Sixty-eight specimens were used to study the nervous and arterial supply of the auricle and the adjacent parts of the external ear.Among them,50 were dissected and observed with naked eyes;16 were observed with the aid of dissecting microscope to study the plexus-formation of the nerves;and 2 sets of serial sections of auricles were used to study the nerve-endings. 2.Four sensory nerves were found to be distributed to the external ear,i.e. auriculo-temporal,lesser occipital,greater auricular and vagus nerves. 3.The nerve plexus is richer on the medial side of the auricle than on the lateral side.On the lateral side,the plexus is found in the triangular fossa and the concha (cavum conchae and cymba conchae). 4.Two kinds of nerve-endings were observed in the structures of the external ear, i.e.the free nerve-endings in the epithelium and dermis,and the Bonnet plexus around the hair follicles.The free nerve-endings are more abundant in the triangular fossa and the concha. 5.The arterial supply of the external ear is mainly from the posterior auricular, superficial temporal and maxillary arteries.There are distinct anastomoses of the smaller branches between the former two arteries on the lateral side of the auricle.The anas- tomosis is more abundant in the triangular fossa and the conchal region than else- where. 6.The fact that the nerve plexus and arterial anastomosis are richer in the trian- gular fossa and the conchal region,and that the acupuncture at those regions for visceral pain is effective seems to indicate that there is some relation between nerve supply and acupuncture points.

Child ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; therapy

This paper focuses on the requirements of joint operations under informationization in the future,and system-atically analyzes the characteristics of medical protection with regard to epidemic causes and surveillance,prevention meas-ures,mental health,and nuclear,chemical and biological protection.This paper elaborates on the basic principles of medical protection and raise proposals about health and epidemic protection so as to provide references for health support of PLA during joint operations.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin,baicalin and imperatorin in Urticaria pill. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Alltima C18 with mobile phase of methanol-water-Phosphoric ac-id(55∶45∶0.2,V/V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 230 nm for paeoniflorin,280 nm for baicalin and 300 nm for imperatorin,column temperature was 30 ℃,and the volume injection was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 5.40-54.0 μg/ml for paeoniflorin(r=0.999 8),11.29-112.9 μg/ml for baicalin(r=0.999 7)and 24.95-249.5 μg/ml for imperatorin (r=0.999 9),respectively;the linit of quantitation were 5.4、11.2、30.0 ng,the lirnit of detection were 1.8、2.8、7.5 ng;RSDs of pre-cision, stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recoveries were 95.88%-98.33%(RSD=0.95%,n=6), 96.86%-99.96%(RSD=1.20%,n=6)and 98.07%-100.55%(RSD=0.92%,n=6),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and accurate with strong specificity and good reproducibility,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of paeoni-florin,baicalin and imperatorin in Urticaria pill.

Metformin has become the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, which is stably efficacious, safe, and cheap. Previous studies have shown that the application of metformin can decrease the rate of tumor incidence, recurrence, and metasta-sis. It can also improve the prognosis of cancer patients and their lifetime after long-term use. Considering its multiple advantages, met-formin has become an emerging choice for the treatment and prevention of cancer. Therefore, the mechanisms through which metfor-min inhibits tumor metastasis in cancer therapy are worth investigating.

1. Three anomalous origin of the right subclavian arteries in 223 Chinese cadaverswere examined. Among these one is the extremely rare case (the arteries appear in thefollowing order: right carotid, left carotid, left subclavian, left vertebral and right sub-clavian). According to the literature reviewed, only Williams (1935) reported a similarcase. The other two anomalies (the arteries appear in the following order: right caro-tid, left carotid, left subclavian and right subclavian) have been comparatively often seenin literature. 2. As a consequence of the abnormal origin and course of the right subclavian ar-tery, there occurs the lack of right recurrent nerve. The clinical symptoms and the pro-cess of ontogenesis etc. of such abnormality have been discussed. 3. The frequency of the left vertebral artery originates directly from the aortic archand the frequency of the thyroidea ima originates from the brachiocephalic artery, theright common carotid artery or the right internal mammary artery have been also dis-cussed.

Stroke is a major public health problem worldwide, and the key to its treatment depends on early diagnosis and timely treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs composed of 20-25 nucleotides. By binding the untranslated regions of target mRNAs, they play a key role in gene regulation at different stages of cell differentiation and development. miRNAs participate in almost all biological processes and are closely associated with many diseases including ischemic stroke. This article reviews the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.

0.05).In 25.28% of the population in the Second Songhua River region,the hair Hg content exceeded 1 mg/kg.In 21.85% and 16.67% of the population of Wujiazhan town and Songyuan city,the hair Hg content exceeded 1 mg/kg.Conclusion In the investigated area,the level of hair mercury shows a downtrend,but there still is health risk from mercury exposure.

Objective To analyze the influence of clinical status, electroencephalography (EEG) and antiepileptic drugs on prognosis of partial seizure in children. Methods A total of 233 pediatric patients with partial seizures were included. Their data including EEG records, responses of medication were reviewed. The patients were classified into three groups: seizure free, improved control and poor control groups. The significance of therapeutic efficacy in initial presentation in different age were assessed with t test. Chi-square test was used to analyze the significance of clinical data,laboratory findings and result of treatment. Logistic regression was used to investigate independent effect of each risk factor. Results Complete seizure control was achieved in 167 patients, improved seizure control in 31 patients and poor seizure control in 35 patients. Patients with poor seizure control were in much younger age group (3 times/month ) was also a predictive factor of poor outcome (?~2=8.976 P=0). The results of treatment were significantly different among the patients with simple partial seizure(SPS), complex partial seizure, and partial seizure with secondary generalized seizure. There were no significant differences in drug responsiveness among the patients treated by phenobarbital, carbamazepine, or valproate (?~2=0.107 P=0.948). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that outcome of treatment was correlated with age of onset, seizure frequency, and type of the seizure (P=0.053,0.007,0.054). Conclusions Poor seizure control is closely associated with a younger onset age, frequent seizures. The treatment responsiveness is the worst in patients of partial seizure with secondary generalized seizures. The best outcome is in patients with SPS. Phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and valproate are equally effective for treating childhood partial seizure.