A 15-year-old, Indian, female child of a second-degree consanguineous marriage, presented with polymorphic yellowish-brown nodular cutaneous lesions over the dorsal aspect of both elbows, knees (Figure 1A) and buttocks (Figure 1B). These were suggestive of xanthoma tuberosum and were first noted at 4 years old. There were no spots over the eyelids, acanthosis, skin tags or tendon xanthomas. Arcus juvenilis was not noted. A bilateral carotid bruit was appreciated.
xanthoma ; familial ; hypercholesterolemia ; LDL

Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are closely correlated. Changes in LDLR expression, feedback regulation and degradation, impacts of LDLR deficiency on blood lipid levels, roles of LDLR in islet β cell dysfunction and cholesterol homeostasis dysregulation, expression of LDLR gene nuclear transcription factors and polymorphism of LDLR gene segments are all involved in the development of specific components of MS. In recent years, a variety of targets and intervention mechanisms in relation to LDLR and MS have been extensively studied. Knowledge about association between LDLR and MS may contribute to the development of strategies for prevention and treatment of MS. This article reviews the update on the association between LDLR and MS.
Homeostasis ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Receptors, LDL

No abstract available.
Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Humans ; Lipoproteins

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Koryo Hand Therapy(KHT) on menopausal symptoms and lipid levels in middle-aged women. METHODS: The design of this study was a nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design. There were 32 subjects, 40-60 years of age, and assigned to two group. There were 16 members in the experimental group and 16 members in the control group. KHT was applied three times a week, for a total of 8weeks to the experimental group. The instruments used in this study to measure the effects of KHT were the menopausal symptoms scale and clinical laboratory testing(Blood Lipid Levels). Data was analyzed by Fisher's Exact Test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and ANCOVA, using SPSS/Win PC 13.0. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant decrease in the menopausal symptoms, and levels of the total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: KHT was effective in decreasing menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women. Therefore KHT is recommended as a nursing intervention strategy for middle-aged women.
Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Female ; Hand* ; Humans ; Nursing

The plasma cholesterol, TG,LDG,HDL of 101 Korean hypertensive patients were measured to compare with plasma cholesterol, TG,LDL,HDL level of healthy people(control group). The plasma cholesterol level in hypertensive patients was 189.6+/-39.5mg% and was 188.7+/-33.7mg% in healthy people(P>0.5). The plasma TG level in hypertensive patients was 200.5+/-154.2mg% and was 116.1+/-32.4mg% in healthy people(P<0.05). The plasma HDL level in hypertensive patients was 44.6+/-15.5mg% and was 45.1+/-9.8mg% in healthy people(P>0.05). The plasma LDL level in hypertensive patients was 119.0+/-68.6mg% and was 98.1+/-53.4mg% in healthy people(P>0.05). The serum level of the total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol in the hypertensive patients group were not significantly different from the control group, but the serum level of the TG was significantly increased in the patients group. We thought that this difference of plasma TG level is due to exogenous TG in hypertensive patient group but further evalution in properties of TG is required.
Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Humans ; Plasma

No abstract available.
Cholesterol, LDL ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and characterize the separation effectiveness of self-constructed asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation system on proteins and lipoproteins, to achieve the optimization of the experimental conditions when separating lipoproteins by orthogonal design test and to investigate the carrier viscosity's influence on separation effectiveness. METHODS: The evaluation of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation separation capacity was conducted by using two standard proteins (carbonic anhydrase and thyroglobulin). Under the optimized separation conditions of carbonic anhydrase and thyroglobulin, the channel actual thickness (after assembling, the actual thickness of separation channel was less than initial thickness) was calculated by the analytes' elution time based on the hydrokinetic theory. With orthogonal design test the optimized experimental conditions were studied and statistical analysis was carried on to find out the factors with statistical significance which needed further exploration. RESULTS: According to the hydrodynamics principle and Stoke's function, the channel actual thickness was measured to be 164 μm by separating the two standard proteins, carbonic anhydrase and thyroglobulin, under proper experimental conditions. By the optimization based on orthogonal design test, base-line separation (the resolution had to be higher than 1.50) was achieved. The resolutions of the two experiments were 1.61 and 1.58. According to previous study/ pre-study and supporting theory, in the orthogonal design test, the total 5 factors were integrated for comprehensive investigation: the total flow rate (3.00, 3.50, 4.00, 4.50 mL/min), focus time (3.00, 3.50, 4.00, 4.50 min), transition time (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 min), pH of the carrier fluid(6.8, 7.00, 7.20, 7.40) and viscosity of the carrier fluid hydroxypropylmethylcellulose concentration: 0.00%, 0.03%, 0.06%, 1.00%). Among the 5 factors, viscosity was found to have the statistical significance on separation effectiveness which was further investigated. The resolution of high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein was increased by the increasing viscosity which also caused more obvious negative spikes. CONCLUSION The separating capacities of self-constructed asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation system on lipoproteins were verified to be effective and an optimized experimental condition was found to achieve the base-line separation of high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. Viscosity of the carrier fluid was proved to have the statistical significance on lipoprotein separation.
Fractionation, Field Flow ; Lipoproteins ; Lipoproteins, LDL

OBJECTIVE: To analyze variant of LDLR gene in a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in order to provide a basis for the clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling. METHODS: A patient who had visited the Reproductive Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University in June 2020 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the patient was collected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was applied to the patient. Candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing. Conservation of the variant site was analyzed by searching the UCSC database. RESULTS: The total cholesterol level of the patient was increased, especially low density lipoprotein cholesterol. A heterozygous c.2344A>T (p.Lys782*) variant was detected in the LDLR gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the variant was inherited from the father. CONCLUSION The heterozygous c.2344A>T (p.Lys782*) variant of the LDLR gene probably underlay the FH in this patient. Above finding has provided a basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for this family.
Humans ; Cholesterol, LDL/genetics* ; Heterozygote ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/genetics* ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Receptors, LDL/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of hormone therapy (HT) on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in surgically menopaused women. METHODS: In this study, 156 healthy women were enrolled. After surgical menopause, 28 women were receiving HT and 32 women were not for 3 months, 28 women were receiving and 32 women were not for 1 year. Control group included 36 healthy premenopausal women not receiving HT. The effect of HT on plasma levels of hs-CRP and lipids were investigated. RESULTS: Mean hs-CRP concentrations were significantly higher in surgically menopaused women receiving HT than premenopausal women (premenopausal: 0.069+/-0.080 mg/dL, HT for 3 months: 0.095+/-0.079 mg/dL, HT for 1 year: 0.159+/-0.313 mg/dL, p<0.05). Mean hs-CRP concentrations were also higher in surgically menopaused women not receiving HT than premenopausal women (premenopausal: 0.069+/-0.080 mg/dL, 3 months after surgical menopause: 0.108+/-0.215 mg/dL, 1 year after surgical menopause: 0.081+/-0.146 mg/dL, p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between receiving HT group and not receiving HT group in 3 months and 1 year after surgical menopause. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were significantly lower in surgically menopaused women receiving HT than not receiving HT for 3 months and 1 year (total cholesterol; 191.3+/-44.7 in HT group, 227.1+/-24.5 in no HT group for 3 months after surgical menopause: 191.9+/-29.4 in HT group, 218.2+/-34.4 in no HT group for 1 year after surgical menopause, LDL cholesterol; 117.5+/-25.7 in HT group, 129.1+/-22.5 in no HT group for 3 months after surgical menopause: 120.6+/-26.2 in HT group, 136.6+/-32.1 in no HT group for 1 year after menopause). CONCLUSION: hs-CRP was increased in surgically menopaused women than premenopausal women, however, there was no significant changes in hs-CRP between HT group and no HT group for 3 months and 1 year.
C-Reactive Protein ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Plasma

A new hypolipidemic drug, pravastatin, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor was administered to 33 patients with primary hyperlipidemia, 10mg daily for 8 weeks and sequential changes of lipid profile were analysed as follows. 1) Mean value at baseline period of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were 260, 220, 51 and 163mg/dl respectively. 2) Total cholesterol showed 21% decrease at the end of 8 weeks and that of LDL-cholesterol were 30%. 3) Triglyceride decreased 16% at the end of 8 weeks and increment of HDL-cholesterol was 8% at the end of 8 weeks. 4) No serious side reactions were observed except one patient, who showed generalized skin rash which last 3 days and did not prevent further medication. In conclusion, pravastatin is a safe and useful hypolipidemic agent for the patient with primary hyperlipidemia.
Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Coenzyme A ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias* ; Oxidoreductases ; Pravastatin* ; Triglycerides