Objective To investigate epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)expression and tumor residual to the prognostic value in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC).Methods 200 patients with NPC were examined for EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry analysis,neck cancer and nasopharyngeal residual.Results In 200 cases with NPC,expression of EGFR of positive and negative were 160 cases(80.0%) and 40 cases (20.0%);the rate of overall survival(OS),disease-free survival (DFS),loeoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS)in patients with positive EGFR were 72.3%,63.6%,72.2%,63.8% and negative EGFR were 90.0%,90.0%,90.0%,90.0%,respectively in 3-year(X2=3.95,X2=4.12,X2=3.98,X2=4.15,P＜0.05),the rate of local recurrence,distant metastasis rate in residual were 26.6%,32.5% which is significantly higher than 8.1%,18.1% in without residual(X2=4.75,X2=4.94,P＜0.05);the hish expression of EGFR with DFS,OS were significantly correlated(r=6.457,P＜0.05).Conclusion The overexpress of EGFR had the tendency of poor prognosis.tumor residual after radiotherpy can be a prognostic indicator for patients with NPC.

Using high pressure homogenization method combined with spray-drying, budesonide-loaded chitosan microparticles were prepared and the in vitro release profile was investigated. The microparticles were then blended with lactose using a vortex mixer, influence of mixing speed, mixing time on drug recovery rate and content homogeneity were investigated. Meanwhile, influence of lactose content on drug recovery rate, content homogeneity, powder flowability and in vitro deposition were studied. It turned out that budesonide was released from the microparicles in a sustained manner, with fine particle fraction as high as 46.0%, but the powder flowability was poor. After blending with 10 times of lactose, the drug recovery rate was 96.5%, with relative standard deviation of drug content 2.5%, and fine particle fraction of the formulation increased to 59.6% with good flowability. It's demonstrated that using a vortex mixer, budesonide sustained-release dry powder for inhalation with good recovery and content homogeneity could be prepared, the formulation had good flowability and was suitable for pulmonary inhaling.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of reduced glutathione (GSH) for preventing thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy (TiPN) in multiple myeloma (MM). Methods A total of 40 cases of MM in Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences from October 2014 to September 2016 were chosen as research objects. According to the randomized double blind principle, the patients were divided into two groups, the patients in the treatment group were treated with GSH and thalidomide in combination with chemotherapy, and the patients in the control group were treated without thalidomide and chemotherapy. The occurrence of TiPN between the two groups were observed and analyzed. Results The total incidence of TiPN in the treatment group was 25 % (5/20), while that in the control group was 45 % (9/20), there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2= 1.758, P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in neuromotor conduction velocity (MCV), compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and sensory conduction velocity (SCV) between the two groups (all P> 0.05). There were no statistically significant difference in SNAP of median nerve and ulnar nerve between the two groups (both P>0.05). But the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) of superficial peroneal nerve in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group [(7.5 ±4.6) vs. (4.9 ±2.6)], and the difference was statistically significant (t= 2.221, P< 0.05). Conclusion GSH has a certain effect on the prevention of TiPN.

Objective? To compare the effect of European Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) and Patient General Subjective Score (PG-SGA) in perioperative patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and to provide evidence for clinical nutritional screening in perioperative patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Methods? Using convenience sampling method, 82 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who were admitted to the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from October 2015 to December 2017 during perioperative period were selected as the study subjects. NRS 2002 and PG-SGA were used to longitudinally evaluate their nutritional status at admission, 1 day before operation, 2 days after operation, 1 week after operation and at discharge, respectively. The differences of nutritional status between the two assessment tools during perioperative period were compared. Results? The trend of malnutrition risk in NRS 2002 was similar to that in PG-SAG dynamic assessment from admission to discharge, all of which were in the form of "V". The positive rate of malnutrition in PG-SAG assessment was higher than that in NRS 2002, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.01). Conclusions? NRS 2002 and PG-SGA are both suitable for nutritional risk screening of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, but the positive rate of PG-SGA is higher, which can effectively screen and evaluate the nutritional status of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, and is conducive to timely providing nutritional intervention and treatment for patients.

OBJECTIVE New inhaled formulations that act on the nose, mouth, respiratory tract, and whole body have received increasing attention. Meanwhile, the research and declaration of inhaled drugs have become hot spots amid infectious respiratory pandemic diseases worldwide. Due to the special anatomic structure of the nose, folds, grooves, and special structures may cause the specific uptake and deposition of inhaled substances. There are various epithelial tissues, glands, muscles, and cartilages in the vestibule, respiratory, and olfactory parts of the nose. Inhaled substances can generate irritating and toxic effects on various parts. The pathological diagnosis results from the preclinical safety evaluation of inhaled drugs are considered the gold standard for judging drug toxicology. The nose is composed of many bone components, and decalcification is required for the sectioning of hard bone tissues. Therefore, an efficient and high-quality decalcification method is the crucial pathological technique for evaluating inhaled drugs. METHODS In this study, 10% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA), 10% formic acid, and 5% nitric acid decalcification solutions were selected. Besides, the decalcification time and effect of these decalcification solutions for rat nasal tissues were compared and analyzed under static room temperature and microwave conditions. Moreover, the quality of pathological bone tissue sections prepared through different decalcification methods was comprehensively evaluated. RESULTS Compared with the decalcification method under normal temperature, the decalcification time under the treatment of KOS decreased significantly. The treatment with the EDTA decalcification solution had the longest decalcification time under normal temperature, while the treatment with the nitric acid decalcification solution had the shortest decalcification time under microwaves. During section evaluation, the EDTA decalcification solution had a higher quality score under normal temperature and microwaves, which indicated that the section quality was favorable. The nitric acid decalcification solution had a lower section quality score under microwaves, which indicated that the section quality was unfavorable. There was medium section quality for the formic acid decalcification solution under microwaves and normal temperature and for the nitric acid decalcification solution under normal temperature. The HE staining results suggested that there were incomplete nasal mucosa epithelia, fragmentation, and pink nasal bone tissues in the tissue sections treated by the nitric acid decalcification solution, presenting a peracid state. In the tissue sections treated by the formic acid decalcification solution and the EDTA decalcification solution, the nucleus of epithelial cells was blue-purple, the cytoplasm and interstitial components were pink, and the epithelial tissue structure of nasal mucosa was intact. The MASSON staining results suggested that in the tissue sections treated by the nitric acid decalcification solution, the whole section staining was red, the positive area was not obvious, and the epithelial cell differentiation was not prominent, with a fuzzy structure. In the tissue sections treated by the formic acid decalcification solution, the sections were slightly detached during staining, and slight cracks were observed in submucosa tissues. In the tissue sections treated by the EDTA decalcification solution, the structure of positive regions and epithelial mucosa regions was clear, and the nuclear and interstitial components were clearly distinguished. The immunohistochemical staining (Ki67) results suggested that in the tissue sections treated by the nitric acid decalcification solution, the staining of positive regions was uneven, and there were nonspecific negative reactions in some regions. In addition, local epithelial cells were unstained. In the tissue sections treated by the formic acid decalcification solution, the local regions were not clearly stained, and nonspecific negative and positive reactions appeared in some local regions. In the tissue sections treated by the EDTA decalcification solution, the positive regions were prominent, the boundaries between negative regions and positive ones were clear, and each region of the sections was stained evenly. CONCLUSION Among the three decalcification solutions in this study, the nitric acid decalcification solution had the shortest decalcification time while the poor section and staining quality. The decalcification time of nasal tissues through the EDTA decalcification solution combined with microwaves was significantly shorter than that through the EDTA decalcification solution at normal temperature. Furthermore, this decalcification method achieved favorable section and staining quality.