In recent years, there is still an unbridgeable area in the early diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.Many scholars are committed to the research of molecular markers, and find that RNA markers associated with thyroid carcinoma are microRNAs, human telomerase reverse transcripase, trefail factor 3 and HMGA2 genes.Different genes are closely related to the occurrence, development of different types of thyroid cancers, and some genes may even affect the transfer of thyroid carcinoma.

Objective To understand the cognition of ICU syndrome by ICU nurses in Guangdong province. Methods Through questionnaire filling in, this investigation was made on the first hatch of ICU nurses dispatched to Hung Kong for ICU specialized training by Guangdong province. Information collected included the nurses' personal information and their knowledge about ICU syndrome. Results The sub-jects' knowledge about ICU syndrome was scanty, and was not related to their years of work, professional ti-tles, academic degrees or administrative duties. The overwhelming majority of the subjects had not paid at-tention to the disease in clinical work. Most departments had not formulated guidelines whatsoever on nurs-ing for ICU syndrome. In assessing the ICU syndrome, the vast majority of nurses relied on their clinical experience, with none of them relying on the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU). Only very few of the subjects acquired some knowledge about the syndrome during their study at colleges. Conclusions The ICU nurses in Guangdong province should attach importance to ICU syn-drome and strengthen the study of related knowledge in their work and study. And it is essential to popular-ize CAM- ICU and to build a standard assessment system and work out the intervention measures for ICU syndrome.

Objective To discuss the nursing resources allocation status in Xinjiang production and construction corps so that reasonable allocation,utilization and management of the nursing work-forces can be strengthened for ensuring the nursing qualities and adapting to the needs of continuous development of the profession.Methods Information such as the quantity,age,education and the title of technical post of tbe nurses in the year of 2005 was collected and analyzed.Results The results showed shortage of nurses,the average doctor-nurse ratio was 1:1.20;the age structure of the objects investigated was suitable,small at beth ends and big in the middle.while more well educated and well technical post titled nurses were needed.Conclusions The quantity of nurses should be increased properly and the present nursing labors should be made use of scientifically,what's more,the training of the bilingual skill of the nurses should be given according to the multinational region features.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the content of gastrodine in wild and cultivated Gastrodia elata from different habitats in Guizhou province in order to provide scientific reference for cultivation of G.elata.METHODS: Samples were extracted from G.elata with microwave.RP-HPLC method was used to determine the content of gastrodine in G.elata.RESULTS: The content of gastrodine in wild G.elata was higher than that in cultivated G.elata.The contents of gastrodine in wild G.elata were different from one another while the contents of gastrodine in cultivated G.elata hadn’t obvious differences.CONCLUSION: The quality of wild G.elata is superior to that of cultivated G.elata.The study provide scientific basis for the cultivation of G.elata.

Objective To establish a three-dimensional digitized visible model to meet the clinical and research needs.Methods The head of the volunteer was scanned by a cone beam CT (CBCT).The bone tissue,the facial soft tissue and the teeth were extracted from the cone beam CT raw data according to the different Houns field values.The 3D digital craniofacial model was reconstructed from the three tissues extracted from the CBCT original data.The 3D dental model with high resolution was acquired by scanning the dental cast with the laser scanner.The 3D facial model with texture was acquired by scanning the volunteer's face directly by other laser scanner.With the regis tration algorithm in 3D graphics,the 3D facial model with texture and the 3D dental model with high resolution were transformed to the same coordinate which was of the 3D digital craniofacial model.Results We acquired a complicated 3D craniofacial digital model which combined the teeth model with high resolution,the bone model and the face model with texture.Conclusions The method is able to accurately establish the craniofacial digital model.

The authors attempted to sort out the training experience of higher education pedagogy in America , and truthfully recorded the understanding and experience of the higher medical elite education of America during visiting the University of Nebraska Medical Center .Combined with the current situation of high medical education in Chi-na, the formation and the embodiment of medical elite education mode of America has also been concretely ana -lyzed , which was expected to bring new enlightenment and reference for the development of high medical elite edu -cation mode and the medical teaching remodeling .

Objective To study the value of serum S-100B protein in the diagnosis of cerebral radi-ation injuries in patients with brain malignant tumor. Methods Serum S-100B protein level was deteetod by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 56 patients with brain malignant tumor before, during and after radio-therapy. Effects of dose and method of radiotherapy, peritumoral edema degree and Karnofsky performance status on serum S-100B level were studied. Results The levels of serum S-100B protein in the patients be-fore radiotherapy and control group were 0. 039μg/L and 0.044 μg/L ( t = 1.48 ,P =0. 186). The levels of serum S-100B protein before, in the middle of (30-40 Gy) and after (60 -70 Gy) radiotherapy were 0.044 μ/L, 0.049 μ/L and 0.079 μg/L, respectively ( F = 67.26, P = 0.000). The differences after ra-diotherapy were also significant among patients with three methods of radiotherapy (F = 20.32, P = 0.000), different degree of pefitumoral edema ( F = 12.94, P =0. 000 ) and Karnofsky perforrnanee status ( t = 2.71, P =0.007). Conclusions High level of serum S-100B protein is associated with cerebral radiation injuries in patients with brain malignant tumor, which is influenced by the dose and method of radiotherapy, Karnof-sky performance stares and degree of peritumoral edema. High level of serum S-100B protein may serve as an early predictor of cerebral radiation injury.

The accuracy and repeatability of computer aided cervical vertebra landmarking (CACVL) were investigated in cephalogram. 120 adolescents (60 boys, 60 girls) aged from 9.1 to 17.2 years old were randomly selected. Twenty-seven landmarks from the second to fifth cervical vertebrae on the lateral cephalogram were identified. In this study, the system of CACVL was developed and used to identify and calculate the landmarks by fast marching method and parabolic curve fitting. The accuracy and repeatability in CACVL group were compared with those in two manual landmarking groups [orthodontic experts (OE) group and orthodontic novices (ON) group]. The results showed that, as for the accuracy, there was no significant difference between CACVL group and OE group no matter in x-axis or y-axis (P>0.05), but there was significant difference between CACVL group and ON group, as well as OE group and ON group in both axes (P<0.05). As for the repeatability, CACVL group was more reliable than OE group and ON group in both axes. It is concluded that CACVL has the same or higher accuracy, better repeatability and less workload than manual landmarking methods. It's reliable for cervical parameters identification on the lateral cephalogram and cervical vertebral maturation prediction in orthodontic practice and research.

In order to investigate the mortality of a cohort of chrysotile asbestos miners in China and evaluate its association with exposure to chrysotile, a fixed cohort of 1932 workers in chrysotile asbestos mine was established in 1981 and followed till June 1, 2010. Information on vital status, cause of death and smoking habits was collected. The workers were divided into two groups according to their exposure status. The exposed group was composed of frontline workers who worked directly on mining or processing asbestos products. The control group consisted of those who were not directly exposed to asbestos in their work. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated according to Chinese national death rates. Cox proportional hazards model was applied to estimate the adjusted relative risks of deaths from major causes in exposed and control groups. The results of this study showed that main causes of mortality were malignant neoplasm, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and respiratory disease for chrysotile miners. The mortality rate was 939.20 per 100 000 person-years for workers. The SMR for all causes of death was 1.46 in the cohort. Statistically significant mortality excesses were found for lung cancer (SMR=1.51), pulmonary heart disease (SMR=2.70), respiratory disease (SMR=1.93), asbestosis (SMR=9.62), and accident (SMR=1.59). The mortalities from malignant neoplasm, lung cancer, cerebrovascular disease and digestive disease in the exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The findings indicate that chrysotile exposure is a risk factor for lung cancer, respiratory disease, cerebrovascular disease and digestive disease.

Objective To analyze results of atopy patch test (APT) with dust mite allergens at different concentrations in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD),and to evaluate the diagnostic value of APT.Methods Totally,85 patients with AD were enrolled into this study.All the patients underwent APT with 5 concentrations (3 000,5 000,7 000,10 000 and 12 000 pnu/g) of dust mite allergens,as well as skin prick test (SPT) with dust mite allergens.Dust mite allergens were obtained from two different manufacturers (group 1 and 2).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (SIgE) in sera from these patients.The sensitivity,specificity and positive predictive value of APT,SPT and SIgE assay were compared,and the results of APT were compared among different concentrations of allergens and between allergens from different manufacturers.Results When SIgE assay served as the gold standard,the sensitivity,specificity and positive predictive value in the diagnosis of dust mite allergy were 79.41％,76.12％,and 64.29％ respectively for APT,73.53％,80.95％ and 67.57％ respectively for SPT with group 1 dust mite allergens,and 81.53％,77.78％ and 65.09％ respectively for APT,76.02％,79.85％ and 66.07％ respectively for SPT with group 2 allergens.When SPT was regarded as the gold standard,the sensitivity,specificity and positive predictive value in the diagnosis of dust mite allergy were 78.38％,77.42％,67.44％ respectively for APT,67.57％,84.21％,73.53％ respectively for SIgE assay with group 1 dust mite allergens,79.25％,80.63％ and 69.55％ respectively for APT,61.07％,82.54％ and 77.21％ respectively for SIgE assay with group 2 allergens.There were no significant differences in the sensitivity,specificity or positive predictive value of APT or SPT between the two groups of allergens.The positive rate of APT was 8.24％,22.35％,29.41％,44.71％ and 41.18％ respectively with group 1 allergens at 3 000,5 000,7 000,10 000 and 12 000 pnu/g,and 3.53％,23.53％,31.76％,34.12％ and 35.29％ respectively with group 2 allergens.No significant differences were observed in the positive rate of APT between group 1 and 2 allergens at same concentrations (all P ＞ 0.05),but a significant difference was observed in that between different concentrations of group 1 or 2 allergens (both P＜ 0.05).The positive rate of APT increased with the increase of allergen concentrations,but stopped rising when the concentrations of group 1 and 2 allergens reached 7 000 pnu/g and 5 000 pnu/g respectively.Conclusions The sensitivity of APT is relatively high for the diagnosis of dust mite allergy.The positive rate of APT increased with the increase in allergen concentrations,but stopped rising when the concentrations reached a certain level.