: It has been proposed that Metabolic Syndrome causes an inadvertent lowering of PSA levels in affected individuals. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effect of metabolic syndrome on the serum PSA level. METHODS: Literature search was done using MEDLINE and Cochrane databases. The primary outcome measure was serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Secondary outcome measures included prostate volume, plasma volume, and PSA mass density. Mean differences were computed using Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS: There were six articles available for analysis with a total of 33,775 in metabolic syndrome group (MS) and 70,305 in non-metabolic syndrome group (NM). Overall, there was no significant difference between the PSA levels between MS and NM group. The prostate and plasma volume were significantly higher in the MS compared with NM, having mean difference of 2.95 mL (95% CI, 1.41 to 4.49) and 162.68 mL (95% CI, 120.24 to 205.11), respectively. However, there were no significant difference in the PSA mass density between metabolic and non-metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Metabolic syndrome does not affect PSA levels and PSA mass density, despite increase in hemodilution.

No abstract available.
Carcinosarcoma*

Introduction: In 2021, the International Diabetes Federation, reported 536 million people with diabetes, mainly from countries with lower income. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was employed using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC), a validated questionnaire which determines the risk of developing diabetes. The questionnaire was conducted online to be accomplished by students enrolled in universities located in Quezon City. Results: Among the 178 college students in Quezon City, with average age of 20 years old, 28.1% are at risk of developing T2DM. The factors contributing to the risk were: (1) Lack of physical activity of at least 30 minutes a day (51.7%); (2) lack of daily intake of vegetables and fruits or berries (52.8%); and (3) family history of DM (74.7%). Conclusion The study found that one in every four college students in Quezon City is at risk of developing T2DM in the next ten years.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2