OBJECTIVE: To comprehend the development of research on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and apoptosis so as to find the interrelationship and changing rules, probe into the apoptotic characteristics of RA.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based search of Medline and foreign language books of National Science and Technology Library was performed for English literatures related to RA and apoptosis from January 1995 to December 2003 with the key words of "rheumatoid arthritis,apoptosis".Meanwhile, Chinese articles about RA, traditional Chinese tongue demonstration and apoptosis were searched in Chongqing Vip Database of Chinese Scientific and Technical Periodicals, Tsinghua Tongfang Database of Chinese Scientific and Technical Periodicals and Chinese CD Database of Literatures on Biomedicine with the key words of "rheumatoid arthritis,apoptosis, tongue demonstration".STUDY SELECTION: Data were selected in the first searching, literatures on correlation between RA and apoptosis were searched in full-text.Accepting criteria: ①Experimental researches about RA and apoptosis. ②Clinincal researchs about RA and apoptosis. ③Researches on traditional Chinese tongue demonstration and apoptosis. Excluded criteria: Repetitive studies.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 82 researches about RA and apoptosis werecollected, 13 ones in which were in accordance with the accepting criteria. Of the 69 excluded articles, 58 ones were repetitive studies and 11 ones were reviews.DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 13 literatures, 11 ones were checked by experimental research and clinical research. It was found from the examinations of synovium of joint and peripheral blood (PB) that there were abnomal apoptoses in RA, which indicated that the invasion, nature of drug and physical therapy were in relation to the apoptosis of synovial cells. Rest 2articles were researches on apoptosis of tongue demonstration of other diseases, which indicated that the apoptosis of tongue demonstration related to the pathology of disease. By now, there were no reports about RA, tongue demonstration and apoptosis, which indicated that there were still some blank in research about the correlation between traditional Chinese tongue demonstration and apoptosis.CONCLUSION: There is superiority in the treatment of RA with combined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. It is demonstrated in the literatures that treatment against RA at present may be done by affecting the apoptosis of RA. Researches on type of syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine and apoptosis is limited to a minority of one or two diseases, and tongue demonstration are an important part in the diagnosis on symptoms, therefore, the interrelationship of RA (or tongue demonstration) apoptosis needs to be investigated, Therefore, the inner relationship between tongue demonstration of RA and apoptosis needs investigation so as to furtherly reveal the formation mechanism of tongue demonstration.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of treating rheumatism arthritis with pure traditional Chinese medicine preparation of Tongluoshu Liquid.Methods The study of single-blind method was adopted.60 patients were recruited randomly into 2 groups,with 30 patients in each group.The patients in treatment group were administered with Tongluoshu Liquid,150ml each time,twice a day.Those in the control group were given diclofenac sodium sustained release tablets,one tablet each time,twice a day,and methotrexate,7.5 mg for each time,once a week.Results Compared with the control group,the symptoms of joint pain,joint swelling,joint tenderness,bend to stretch disadvantage and soreness and weakness of waist and knees were significantly improved( U=1.20、1.36、1.01、1.78、1.46,P＜0.05)in the treatment group.Conclusion Tongluoshu Liquid is a kind of economical,safe and effective medicine to treat rheumatism arthritis.

Liver transplantation has become an effective and routine treatment for end-stage liver diseases with the employing of new immunosuppressants and surgical techniques. The characteristics of our country's liver transplantation are as follows: the indication for liver transplantation consists mainly of HBV related end-stage liver diseases, patients with liver cancer beyond Milan criteria account for a high rate, and donor origin is not definite. The author thinks that liver transplantation in our country should emphasize basic clinical research, such as prevention of HBV reinfection and tumor relapse after liver transplantation, employing of marginal donor, organ function protection, immunology of liver transplantation, and specific infection around liver transplantation.

Objective To investigate the effects of cilazapril on heart rate corrected QT interval disoersion (QTcd) and ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in patients with essential hypertension. Methods 96 hypertensive patients with LVH were divided randomly into two groups. 48 patients in lercanidipine group were treated routinely plus lercanidipine. 48 patients in cilazapril group were treated with routine drugs plus cilazapril. QTcd of 12-lead sur-face ECC and VA malignant degree recorded by Holter were analyzed before therapy and 6 mgnths after therapy. Re-suits In the cilazapril group,the QTcd was different before and after the therapy ((76±12) ms vs (65±9) ms, P<0.05 ). In the lercanidipine group, the QTcd was not significantly different ((76±13 ) ms vs (74±12) ms, P > 0.05). QTed and the malignant degree of VA between the two groups were significantly different after the therapy. Conclusions Treatment with cilazapril can reduce the QTcd and the malignant degree of VA in hypertensive patients with LVH.

Objective To investigate the effects of Tangshukang liquid on the rate of diabetic foot amputation.Methods 80 patients with diabetic foot were divided into two groups (40 ones in each group) by single-blind method. On the basis of conventional treatment of controlling blood glucose, preventing infection, improving microcirculation and carrying out partial debridement for both groups, the treatment group was applied Tangshukang liquid (homemade) externally, and the control group was applied gauze of mixture liquid (gentamiycin+654-2+insulin) externally. Both groups were treated with 4 therapeutic courses (30 days equal one therapeutic course). Therapeutic effects were observed after the treatment. Results Amputation rate of diabetic foot was significantly reduced in the treatment group, especially the patients with wet gangrene.Conclusion Tangshukang Liquid can significantly reduce the amputation rate of diabetic foot and has good effect on diabetic foot with wet gangrene.

Macular hole is a retinal hole locates in macular fovea, and can be idiopathic, traumatic and high myopic. Although its etiology, disease course, treatment and prognosis varied from case to case,enforcing macular-hole closure and retinal reattachment are challenges to all cases. Completely removal of premacular vitreous cortex is the key to successful repair, and inner limiting membrane (ILM) staining and peeling can greatly help the removal of those cortexes. Selections and usages of different dyes, methods of ILM peeling, and strategies to promote macular retina-choroidal adhesion warrant further study to improve treatment and prognosis of macular holes.

Prenatal diagnosis is used for discovery of pregnant mothers' fetus abnormalities, ranging from maternal serum screening, cytogenetic analysis for chromosome karyotypes, to molecular genetic diagnosis. It is therefore the primary approach to prevent and reduce birth defects. Based on the experience obtained from developed countries, large-scale prenatal diagnosis has been carried out in China, including maternal serum screening for Down syndrome, prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal diseases, and certain gene analysis for genetic diseases. However, it is noted that such development is uneven in different regions. As a great disease-prevention project involving steady development of the nation and the ethnic groups, it is still necessary to establish or improve the prenatal diagnosis system and quality management regulations that are fit for the domestic conditions of China.

Using brain microdialysis and LC-ECD, the content of dopamine in rat brain was detected to investigate the effects of ligustrazine. A liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector method has been established and validated for the determination of dopamine in rat brain dialysate. The results indicate that ligustrazine administration by subcutaneous injection significantly increased dopamine release in rat medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and hippocampus in a dose-related manner. The drug's effects on dopa release in rat brain could be directly detected by microdialysis combined with HPLC-ECD and this method has the preponderance over traditional neurology methods.

After a discussion of how to abstract and summarize the literature novelty points, how to use the retrieval words and how to write the conclusion in assessment of scientific literature novelty, the major factors influencing the assessment of scientific literature novelty were analyzed with suggestions put forward for improving the assessment of scientific literature novelty.

Objective:To explore the relationship among plasma levels of adiponectin (APN) ,lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) and carotid atherosclerotic plaque stability in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) .Methods:A total of 149 ACI patients ,who hospitalized in our hospital within 24h after onset ,were en‐rolled as ACI group .Another 90 subjects without cerebral infarction from our physical examination center were re‐garded as non‐ACI control group .According to carotid ultrasound results ,ACI patients were divided into normal ca‐rotid group (n=36) ,stable plaque group (n=47) and unstable plaque group (n=66) .Enzyme linked immunosor‐bent assay (ELISA) was used to measure plasma levels of APN and Lp‐PLA2 in all groups ,and the results were com‐pared then .Results: (1) Compared with non‐ACI control group ,there was significant reduction in plasma APN level [ (20.02 ± 4.01) ng/ml vs .(8.95 ± 3.07) ng/ml] and significant rise in Lp‐PLA2 [ (40.31 ± 8.27)μg/L vs . (58.21 ± 9.21)μg/L] in ACI group ,P<0.01 both ;(2) From normal carotid group ,stable plaque group to unsta‐ble plaque group ,APN level gradually reduced [(18.21 ± 2.98) ng/ml vs .(10.31 ± 2.12) ng/ml vs .(6.58 ± 1.96) ng/ml] ,while Lp‐PLA2 level gradually rose [ (42.25 ± 6.91)μg/L vs .(50.11 ± 5.78)μg/L vs .(69.01 ± 11.90)μg/L] ,there was significant difference in pairwise comparisons ,P<0.05 or <0.01;(3) Linear correlation analysis indicated that plasma APN level was inversely correlated with Lp‐PLA2 level in ACI group (r= -0.782 ,P=0.036) .Con‐clusion:Plasma levels of adiponectin and lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 are closely associated with carotid athero‐sclerotic plaque instability ,their combine detecting is help to diagnosis and judging patient′s condition .