No abstract available.
Animals ; Liver* ; Metals, Heavy* ; Rats*

The thirteen DRB1, 6 DQA1, and 5 DQB1 alleles were defined in 362 healthy Korean controls using reverse dot blot hybridization method. The twenty-four immobilized SSOs for DRB1, 8 for DQA1, and 6 for DQB1 were used for this study. The frequencies of genotypes were DRB104 (17.1'Yo), '09 (13.1%), and '13 (11.6%); DQA1'01 (46.7%), 03 (30.8%), and '05 (11.7%); DQB1*03 (39.5%), '06 '(29.8%), and 05 (16.0%). ...continue...
Alleles* ; Genotype ; Haplotypes* ; HLA-DRB1 Chains

Two hundreds and four consecutive patients who sustained proven spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage with conservative treatment were studied retrospectively. The reasons for conservative treatment were poor condition for surgery, difficulties in surgery and operation refusal. Comparative study was done in proven 47 cases of aneurysmal SAH, 27 cases of SAH with negative angiography and 130 cases of SAH without angiography about age, aneurysm site & size, neurologic grade mortality & morbidity, etc. Death had occurred in 2 weeks after attack predominantly. Rebleeding was most common cause of mortality(64%, 68/107). Survivals had good quality of life(73%, 19/26).
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Disulfiram ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The authors have demonstrated the effect of sodium selenite on the hepatotoxicity due to carbon tetrachloride, by observing the distribution and disaggregation of the pyroninophilic granules in the hepatic cell of the mature male albino mice. Each experimental mouse of the selenite and the selenite plus carbon tetrachloride groups was given a single dose of 4 ug. of sodium selenite per kilogram of body weight and that of the control and the carbon tetrachloride groups was given 0.1 ml. of distilled water alone. Six hours after the first administration of distilled water or sodium selenite, the experimental mice of the carbon tetrachloride and the selenite plus carbon tetrachloride groups were given a single dose of l.0 ml. of carbon tetrachloride per kilogram of body weight and those of the selenite groups were given 0.l ml. of paraffin oil alone. Following the 1ast administration of carbon tetrachloride or paraffin oil, the mice were sacrificed by bleeding (cutting the common carotid artery) at the intervals of 2,3,4,6,8, and 12 hours respectively. Histochemical preparations were stained by the methyl-green and pyronin method and oil red 0 method. The hepatotoxicity due to the administration of carbon tetrachoride was evident in the hepatic cells; the pyroninophilic granlues were partly reduced in volume in the hepatic cells of the centrilobular and the intermediate zones as early as the 3 hour-period, and markedly reduced or disappeared in the centrilobular and some part of the intermediate zones associated with hydropic degeneration as well as in the 6 hour-period. Thereafter marked reduction or dissolution of the pyroninophilic granules was found and extended as the periportal zone at the 12 hour-period. However, the pyroninophilic granules in the hepatic cells of selenite plus carbon tetrachbride group showed no significant changes in the hepatic cells of these zones, compared to the histochemical feature of the granules in the hepatic cells of the control and the selenite groups. Consequently it is suggested that the lipid peroxidative decomposition of the microsomal membranes, which is induced with carbon tetrachloride, would be prevented by a previous administration of sodium selenite.
Animal ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning*/pathology ; Cell Nucleus/drug effects ; Cytoplasm/drug effects ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; Lipids ; Liver/drug effects* ; Liver/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Selenium/pharmacology* ; Vacuoles/drug effects

The effects of diltiazem and verapamil on the electrically-evoked twitch response, train-of- four and tetanic stimulation were studied in the isolated rat hemidiaphragm preparation. Diltiazem(3-150 pM) and verapamil(3-100 pM) increased the electrically-evoked(nerve stimulation, 0.1 Hz, 0.5 ms, 10 V) twitch responses in a dose-related fashion and diltiazem was more potent than verapamil. But, the large doses of diltiazem(150-300 uM) and verapamil(100-300 uM) decreased the twich responses. And the effects of diltiazem and verapamil were not effected by reducing the extracellular calcium from 2.5 to 1.25 mM. Diltiazem and verapamil decreased the train-of-four and tetanus ratio as well as the d-tubocurarine in a dose-related fashion. d-Tubocurarine, a specific nicotinic antagonist, decreased twitch response, and the potentiating twitch response of diltiazem was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of d-tubocura- rine. Furthermore, it is noteworth that the inhibitory effects of d-tubocurararine were markedly potentiated by diltiazem. In cases of the direct(muscle, 0.1 Hz, 5 ms, 10 V) stimulation, diltiazem and verapamil decreaaed the electrically-evoked twitch response with dose dependently. These results indicate that diltiazem and verapamil elicited two distinctive types of twitch response in the rat phrenic-hemidiaphragm preparation. The potentiating effect of twitch response is mediated by the acetylcholine release from the prejunctional nerve terminal and the inhibiting effect may be due to blcking influx of calcium and/or release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals.
Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Calcium ; Diltiazem* ; Rats* ; Tetanus ; Tubocurarine ; Verapamil*

The following are summary of the clinical observations on 184 pregnant women underwent cesarean section under general and spinal anesthesia. 1. Ages of pregnant women ranged from 18 to 45 years The second and third decades. comprised 94% of all cases. 2. 83% of the cases were emergency and others were elective operations. 3. Surgical indications revealed dystocia in 43%, hemorrhage in 35%, and others in 22%. 4. 92 cases were performed by general anesthesia, 88 cases by spinal and the remains by local. 5. Apgar scores checked one minute after delivery were as follows. That was Poor category (0 to 4): 42% Fair category (5 to 7): 19% Good category (8 to 10): 39% Resuscitation of Apgar score 0 babies were successful in 8 cases.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Apgar Score ; Cesarean Section* ; Dystocia ; Emergencies ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Resuscitation

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Child* ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Humans

In order to elucidate the cardiotoxicity of FeSO4 in cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal rat, cardiotoxicity was measured by MTT assay when cultured cells were treated with various concentrations of FeSO4. In addition, the cardioprotective effect of antioxidants, glutathione and ascorbic acid was evaluated by MTT assay in these cultrures. Cell viability was remakably decreased in a dose -dependent manner after exposure of cultured rat myocardial cells to 20 microM FeSO4 for 48 hours. In the cardioprotective effect of antioxidants on FeSO4 -induced toxicity, glutathione blocked the cardiotoxicity induced by FeSO4, while ascorbic acid was not effective in blocking FeSO4 -induced cardiotoxicity in these cultures. These results suggest that FeSO4 is toxic in cultured myocardial cells from neonatal rat and selective antioxidants such as glutathione are effective in blocking the cardiotoxicity induced by FeSO4.
Animals ; Antioxidants* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Glutathione ; Rats

BACKGROUND: ELISA test is commonly used for diagnosis of parasite infection. This experiment was performed for detecting positive sera against Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani, cysticercus, sparganum, Aisakis larvae, Toxoplasma gondii and Trichomonas vaginalis in patient's sera with ELISA and Western blot analysis. METHODS: Two hundred sera were collected from clinical laboratory of Hanyang University Hospital(Seoul, Kuri). Antigens of parasites were prepared from rabbit (C. sinensis), dog (P. westermani), hog (cysticercus, from Yonsei University), patient (sparganum), mackerel (Anisakis larvae), mouse (T. gondii), cultivation in Trypticase-Yeast extract-Maltose medium (T. vaginalis). ELISA and Western blot was conducted with several parasite antigens and patient's sera. RESULTS: Positive antibody titers of P. westermani, Anisakis, C. sinensis were observed 12.7%, 11.0%, and 7.0% of patient's sera, respectively. Nineteen sera among 200 patients showed cross reactions with other parasites. On Western blot, there were several antigenic bands with patient's sera, i.e., 3/5 sera of C. sinensis, 2/2 sera of P. westermani, 1/4 sera of sparganum, and 0/4 sera of cysticercus. COCLUSIONS: ELISA is a convenient method for detecting parasite infections. But purification of antigens is necessary and Western blot analysis may reduce the false positive reactions of infection.
Animals ; Anisakis ; Blotting, Western ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Cross Reactions ; Cysticercus ; Diagnosis* ; Dogs ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; False Positive Reactions ; Humans ; Larva ; Mice ; Paragonimus westermani ; Parasites ; Perciformes ; Sparganum ; Toxoplasma ; Trichomonas vaginalis

Adriamycin (ADR) is a potent anticancer drug that causes often severe cardiomyopathy. Previous reports have demonstrated that zinc accumulation is shown in rat myocardial cells following ADR treatment. However, the mechanism and role of zinc accumulation in ADR-induced cardiomyopathy are not yet elucidated. Zinc may be one of the key executors in ADR-induced cardiomyopathy. To test this hypothesis, we examined the cytotoxic effects of zinc on various cell lines including H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells, HL-60, U937, and C(6)-glial cells. Zinc induced significant the death of H9c2 cells at 0.125 mM in a dose-dependent manner. However, zinc did not induce any cytotoxic effect on both promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells and monoblastoid U937 cells. The nuclear morphology of Zn(2+)-treated H9c2 cells displayed apparent chromatin condensation, but no formation of chromatin fragmentation. In addition, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization was observed by annexin-V staining. Zinc markedly decreased the intracellular GSH level in a time-dependent manner. Exposure to 0.2 mM ZnCl(2) for 6 hr decreased the intracellular GSH content to 13% of control value. Zinc-induced death of H9c2 cells and the intracellular GSH depletion were completely prevented by the addition of exogenous GSH and NAC. These result suggests that intracellular GSH depletion is directly involved in zinc-induced cardiomyopathy.
Animals ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cell Death* ; Cell Line ; Chromatin ; Doxorubicin ; Free Radicals ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Rats ; U937 Cells ; Zinc