Objective To improve the understanding of severe anaphylactic reactions to infliximab retreatment. Methods Delayed hypersensitivity to infliximab in two patients with ankylosing spondylitis who had previously received infliximab and resumed after discontinuation over 4 years were reported and the related literatures were reviewed. Results Two patients ( 1 male, 1 female ) who were diagnosised with ankylosing spondylitis for more than 10 years, both individuals had received infliximab treatment during a clinical trial approximately 4-5 years prior to further therapy. On day 6 after subsequent infusion, one patient had pruritic skin rash covering her whole body, followed by flustered, dyspnea, hypotension and anaphylactic shock, she was successfully treated with epinephrine and glucocorticoid. Another patient experienced a skin rash and itching 9 days after reinfusion, he was successfully treated with antihistaminics.Conclusion A distant infliximab retreatment is associated with high rates of reinfusion reactions, including fever, urticaria, myalgia, arthralgia,even hypotension, dyspnea, laryngeal edema and anaphylactic shock.We recommend careful monitoring of those patients who receive infliximab retreatment, particularly after a lengthy interval.

Objective To investigate the related factors that affect the short outcome of abdominal surgery among elderly patients with acute abdomen.Methods Clinical data of 378 patients aged >60 years with acute abdo-men were retrospectively analyzed.The key factors under analysis in this study were the occurrence of major complica-tions,death from any cause within 30 days and related factors after the operation.Results The most common diagno-ses were acute appendicitis (134 cases,35.4%),biliary tract disease (96 cases,25.4%),intestinal obstruction (68 cases,20.0%)and inguinal hernia(42 cases,11.1%).The majority of patients(327cases,86.5%)underwent open surgery.12cases(23.5%)of all 51 cases underwent laparoscopic surgery were converted to open surgery.The 30 day mortality rate and rate of operation -related complications were 9.5% and 22.0%,respectively.Analysis showed that patients'age,low body mass index,open surgery and ASA grade Ⅲ or above may increase mortality(all P <0.05).Conclusion The acute abdomen in elderly patients was with much complications,operation treatment is still the first choice.The patient's older age,low body mass index,open surgery may increase the mortality rate.ASA grade higher may predict a bad prognosis.The operation of elderly patiens had a high morbidity and mortality,as general surgeon,we should pay more attention to acute abdomen in elderly patients.

Objective To understand the features of immunoglobulin G4-related diseases and to improve its diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinical data of 20 cases discharged from our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results Twenty cases with IgG4 related diseases were reviewed retrospectively.IgG4-related diseasesis more prevalent in male than in female (14∶6),and the mean age was 58 years.Pancreas and bile ducts were the most commonly affected organs,2 and more than 2 organs were involved in 17 patients.All patients had significantly elevated serum immunoglobulin G4.Histopathological findings included diffuse tissue fibrosis with extensive lymphoplasmacytes infiltration.On immunohistochemical staining,the ratio of IgG4-positive plasma cells to IgG-positive plasma cells was higher than 40％.One patient deceased and one patient was left untreated,other patients responded well to the treatment.Conclusion There is no characteristic clinical symptoms for IgG4-related diseases,and serum immunoglobulin G4 is the essential diagnostic method in suspected cases.IgG4-related diseases can be well controlled with prompt use of glucocorticosteroid.

Objective To investigate the curative effects of damage control surgery in treatment of borderline severe multiple fractures.Methods The study involved 37 patients with severe multiple fractures(ISS of 16-42,Pape classification of borderline type)surgically treated from January 2009 to June 2010.All patients underwent staged surgeries according to damage control principles:hemostasis,debridement and provisional fixation were given in the first stage;antishock,anti-coagulation dysfunction,anti-hypothermy,anti-infection were performed in the second stage;definitive operations for fractures were performed as soon as possible in the third stage,provided that their physiological condition was permitted.Results All the patients received effective treatments such as debridement,provisional fixation and antishock in the first and second stages,with no iatrogenic secondary injury.The patients had significant recovery in the 6-14 months of follow-up,with total disability rate of 16％.Conclusion The staged operations according to damage control principles are effective and safe in treatment of borderline severe multiple fractures.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of low-dose semicoronal computerized tomography (CT) of sacroiliac joints (SIJ) in the early diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods Patients who were diagnosed with AS and had received axial CT examination of SIJs over the past 2 years were recruited.All of them simultaneously underwent a low-dose semicoronal CT of SIJs.The clinical data were recorded.Radiation dose was compared between low-dose CT and the previous conventional axial CT.Image quality of low-dose CT was assessed and correlation between image quality and weight or body mass index (BMI) was analyzed.CT images of the two groups were graded by modified New York criteria, the Lee criteria and the Innsbruck criteria.The kappa coefficient was used to assess the consistency of grading between the two groups.Results Thirty-three patients were enrolled in this study.The effective dose (ED) of semicoronal SIJ CT was 3.37 mSv which was 49％ lower than conventional axial CT (6.56 mSv).Lower dose had the potential protection of gonads.The quality of images in male patients with BMI ＜ 25 kg/m2 and all female patients were good or excellent.There was a significant negative correlation between image quality and BMI (r =-0.746, P =0.000;r =-0.784, P =0.000;respectively).All patients were diagnosed as sacroiliitis by modified New York criteria and the grading of two groups was consistent.The consistency of grading between two groups was satisfactory no matter which classification criteria was used.(k =0.897 with Lee criteria;k =0.814 with Innsbruck criteria;P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The radiation dose of semicoronal SIJ CT is significantly lower than that of the conventional axial CT with comparable efficacy of diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of red yeast rice on chemokines of collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Methods Rat arthritis was induced by injecting bovine type Ⅱ collagen(BⅡC)to Wistar rats.The rats were randomly divided into six groups including the normal control group,the CIA control group which were treated with normal saline,ibuprofen group,large dose red yeast rice group,moderate dose of red yeast rice group and small dose of red yeast rice group.Mice were sacrificed after 48 days of immune injection and their venous blood were collected. The effect of cytokines and chemokinos on CIA was measured by ELISA.Results Red yeast rice significantly degraded the expression of TNF-α,IL-6 compared with the model groups,the difference was significantly different(P＜0.05).The degree of IL-8 decrease was more evident in the high dose of Red yeast rice group and moderate dose of Red yeast rice group than that of the model group(P＜0.05).Red yeast rice could significantly degrad the expression of MCP-1,R.ANTES and IP10 in serum of CIA rats(P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of red yeast rice is related to the inhibition of inflammatory factors.

Objective To investigate the treatment measures of having trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) for the primary trigeminal neuralgia via microvascular decompression.Methods From January 2016 to December 2016,the clinical data and anesthesia records of 79 consecutive patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University and treated the first craniotomy microvascular decompression were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into a no TCR group (n=63) and a TCR group (n=16) according to the intraoperative anesthesia monitoring.The differences of baseline conditions,preoperative complications and pain involved the trigeminal nerve branches were compared between the two groups.The treatment measures and short-term prognosis of the patients with TCR during operation were summarized.Results (1) The proportion of hypertension in the TCR group was 31.2％ (n=5),it was higher than 7.9％ in the no TCR group (n=5).There was significant difference (χ2=6.273,P<0.05).(2) During the operation of microvascular decompression,16 patients in the TCR group had 19-time TCR.The baseline heart rate was 74±10/min before operation,and the heart rate decreased to 51±6/min at onset of TCR.The mean baseline arterial blood pressure was 102±13 mmHg,and the mean arterial blood pressure decreased to 74±8 mmHg at the onset of TCR.There was significant difference (P<0.05).(3) After the onset of TCR,the operation of was stopped,heart rate and the blood pressure recovered spontaneously (n=4).Fifteen patients were treated with medications,including using atropine (12 times,dose 0.2-0.5 mg) and ephedrine hydrochloride (3 times,dose 5-10 mg).Heart rate and blood pressure returned to the baseline level within 20 seconds or 20 seconds after administration of medications.There was no TCR-related cardiac complication or neurological deficit from after procedure to before discharge.Conclusions In microvascular decompression of primary trigeminal neuralgia,if TCR occurs,the selective use of anticholinergic agents or vasoactive agents is needed as early as possible.The risk factors for the occurrence of TCR need to be further verified.

Base on the clinical characteristics of septic arthritis in a group of systemic lupus erythematosus patients,this study has found out that high systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index,leucopenia,high cumulative dose of glucocorticoid,methylprednisolone intravenous pulse therapy and joint cavity puncture were closely correlated with septic arthritis.Once septic arthritis is suspected,culture specimens should be collected and appropriate antibiotics are suggested immediately.Also,surgical drainage is a very useful approach.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of back pain, spondyloarthritis (SPA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Beijing Shougang district. Methods Set up Chinese version of questionnaire about incidence of spondyloarthro-pathy. Employees and retired ones were drawn out from subfactory units by non-randomized sampling. 15 357 subjects were investigated, of which 12 125 questionnaires were taken. Suspected cases were then screened with sacroiliac joint X ray and HLA-B27 testing. 2009 assessment in ankylosing spondylitis (ASAS) criteria were used for diagnosing SpA. Results Back pain is common with total incidence of 42.7%, and the most common pattern is mechanical pain. The incidence of SpA is 0.58% and that of AS is 0.36%, while only 28.9% AS patients had been diagnosed before and received treatment. Conclusion The AS incidence in Shougang district is similar with the epidemiological data got from other districts of China. And knowledge of SpA and AS is needed in China.

Objective To observe in vitro the effect of mechanical stress at different intensities on the pro-liferation, apoptosis and extracellular matrix of degenerative human nucleus pulposus cells. Methods The cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, and divided into a control group, a low-intensity group, a medium-intensity group and a high-intensity group. The low-, medium- and high-intensity groups were stretched mechanically by 1000 μ, 2000μor 4000μrespectively for 6 hours using a four-point bending system, while the control group was not stressed. Flow cytometry was used to explore any changes in the cell cycle and the proliferation index ( PI) . The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA) , B-cell lymphoma-2 ( BCL-2)/Bax, collagen II and aggrecan were meas-ured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions. Results The mechanical stretching significantly influ-enced proliferation, apoptosis and the extracellular matrices compared with the control group. The PI and PCNA ex-pression increased at first and then decreased gradually with the exercise intensity. Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression level of Bcl-2/Bax increased significantly to 1.53 times that of the control group after 1000 μstretching, but to only 0.71 times that of the control group at 2000μand 0.43 times at 4000μ. The gene expression of collagen II increased significantly by 1. 1 times and that of aggrecan by 1. 3 times after 1000 μ stress stimulation compared with the control group ( P≤0.05) . However, the expression of collagen II and aggrecan was inhibited sig-nificantly at 2000 and 4000 μ , with the lowest levels at 4000 μ (P≤0.05). Conclusion Stretching at different intensities has different effects on the proliferation, apoptosis and extracellular matrix of human pulposus cells with degenerate nuclei.