Hallux valgus is a frequent forefoot disease, which has the high incidence, more happened among females, hallux valgus becomes more serious along with the age increasing, it usually needed to be done with surgery treatment owing to deformity and pain. The surgery with regard to hallux valgus had emerged widespread at the end of the 18~(th) century, most of the operation styles had been eliminated due to their disadvantages along with the carried out and the follow up judgment of the operation styles , however, some operation styles had been certified effective, which have been modified and consummated endlessly, have been added in the contemporary therapeutic methods. Operation styles mostly consist of soft issue repairment, osteotomy, arthroplasty and arthrodesis , selecting the operation styles reasonably is the key point of guarantee the treatment effectiveness.

[Objective]To analyze the clinical effectiveness of degeneration lumbar disease combined with scoliosis after short-segment posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF).[Methods]The correction effectiveness、complications and following up results of the 57 degeneration lumbar disease combined with scoliosis patients with PLIF were collected from September 2004 to August 2007.[Results]The average period of follow up was 40 months(24~60 months to 60 months),the scoliosis correction ratio was 98.2%,the anteroflextion curvature of the sagittal plane correction ratio was 78.9%,the remission ratio of the pain and numbness was 91.2%,there had been no pseudoarthrosis formation.No incision infected occurred during the peroperative period.Pulmonary infection was found in 2 cases.Lower limb pain was found is 5 cases and was released after treatment.The correction degree of coronal and sagittal plane did not decrease,intervertebral height did not lose and no fusion displacement was found.[Conclusion]Short-segment PLIF is effective in treatment of lumbar degeneration disease combined with scoliosis.

This report presented a case of disseminated infection with nocardia in lupus erythematosus (SLE) and reviewed the current literature. Nocardiosis was a rare, sometimes life-threatening opportunistic infection in SLE patients. The isolation and identification of pathogen was fundamental for the diagnosis of nocardiosis. Sulfonamides were traditionally the agent of choice for treatment of nocardiosis; while it must be given for several months even more than one year, particularly in patients with suppressed immune function. Issues regarding the drug resistance and the toxicity of sulfonamides in long-term therapy needed to be considered. Linezolid could be an effective agent for the treatment of nocardiosis, whether it could reduce the treatment course need to be further studied.

Objective To explore the application value of ultra -high frequency ultrasound in detection of femoral artery stenosis in rabbits.Methods Twenty-four healthy male New Zealand white rabbits (body weight 2.5 -3.0 kg) were randomly divided into three groups , 8 rabbits in each group.Preparation of femoral atherosclerosis model : the rabbits were fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after femoral artery balloon injury , respectively.The changes of cholesterol level were observed .We used ultra-high frequency ultrasonic probe to observe the femoral artery , to assess the diameter stenosis rate and peak systolic velocity (SPV) at the symptomatic side, and the histological areal stenosis was evaluated.Results 1.The blood cholesterol levels were increased after fed high cholesterol diet , with a significant difference among the groups (P <0.001); 2.There was a stenosis to a different degree in the modeling artery after fed high cholesterol diet for 4 wks, 8 wks, and 12 wks, and the stenosis degree was increased gradually .At 12 w, the degree of stenosis was higher than that at 4 w and 8 w, respectively, showing statistical significance ( P <0.001).At the symptomatic side, the peak systolic flow velocity was increased , and it was higher at 12 w than that at 4w and 8 w, respectively.3.With the extension of time, the arterial stenosis rate was increased along with the time course (P <0.05). Conclusions 1.High fat diet combined with balloon injury can cause varying degrees of rabbit femoral artery stenosis ; 2. Ultrahigh frequency ultrasound can clearly show different degrees of rabbit femoral artery stenosis , and can be used for detecting the lesions in animal models of peripheral vascular diseases .

Objective To conduct a systematic review to evaluate efficacy and safety of bladder neck preservation techniques during radical prostatectomy.Methods We searched PubMed,Embase,Medline,Central (the Cochrane Library,Issue 1,2013),CNKI,CBM from the inception to July 2015 for randomized or observational studies assessing the influence of preservation of bladder neck on the continence recovery and cancer control outcomes after radical prostatectomy.Two researchers evaluated the quality of included studies.A meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.0 software.Results Twelve observational and two randomized studies were analyzed.BNP group had a faster recovery of early continence than non-BNP group at 1 month[OR =2.88,95％ CI 1.80-4.60,P ＜ 0.05],3-4 months [OR =2.32,95％ CI 1.42-3.80,P ＜ 0.05].However there was no statistically significant difference in terms of continence rate at 6 months [OR =1.49,95％ CI 0.97-2.29,P =0.07] and 12 months [OR =0.99,95％ CI 0.70-1.39,P =0.93] among two groups.There was no significant difference in terms of PSM rate [OR =0.92,95 ％ CI 0.71-1.19,P =0.52] between BNP and non-BNP groups.Conclusions We found that preservation of the bladder neck result in earlier return of urinary continence without adversely affecting cancer control.

Objective To explore the value of the ultrasound contrast agent in conjunction with advanced contrast imaging techniques in the evaluation of the renal cortical perfusion. Methods The animal model was established with ligating renal artery to cause the renal cortical perfusion decrease of rabbits. Real-time harmonic gray scale imaging was performed to visualize the contrast enhancement of the renal cortex. After bolus injection of contrast agent SonoVue, dynamic image was observed and recorded during the first three minutes. According to the time-intensity curve (TIC), accelerating time (AT),Peak intensity (A), time to half of peak intensity (T), difference between peak and base (PBD), slope rate of the curve (β) and the product of A and β (A·β) were obtained before and after the renal artery operation. The t test and correlation analysis was used to examine the above parameters. Results Before the renal artery operation, renal cortex enhanced rapidly and obviously, the way of the enhancement was renal artery-cortex-pyramids. After ligation of renal artery, AT prolonged evidently (P<0.001), A decreased obviously (P<0.001), T obviously shortened (P<0.001), PBD decreased markedly (P<0.001), while the decline of βinduced (P<0.002) and A·βobvious dropped(P<0.001). AT, BPD and A·βcorrelated with stenosis level of renal artery. Compared with 31%－69% group, AT prolonged evidently (P<0.001). A decreased obviously (P<0.029), PBD decreased obviously (P<0.001), A·β was dropped markedly (P<0.02) in 70%-93% stenosis group. Conclusions Contrast agent combining with developed contrast specific imaging is able to detect changes of renal cortical microcirculation sensitively with the help of analysis of TIC.

Objective To explore the expression of N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) in gastric carcinoma and the relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Methods The expression of NDRGI was detected by immunohisto chemistry in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections with a total of 220 specimens including 110 gastric carcinoma and 110 corresponding paraneoplastic tissue. The correlation between clinicopathological parameters and the expression of NDRG1 in gastric carcinoma were also analyzed. Results Low expression of NDRG1 was detected in most gastric carcinoma sections. Among the gastric cancer tissues, NDRG1 protein expression was significantly lower in tumors with more advanced pathological stage, local tumor invasion and lymphatic metastases. There was no significant difference in sex, age, tumor differentiation and gross types of the tumor. The 1-, 3- and 5 year survival and disease free survival in patients with low NDRG1 protein expression was 84.2%, 53.9%, 21.1%, and 60.5%, 31.6%, 19.7%, respectively, which was signifivantly poorer when compared with patients with high NDRG1 protein expression. Conclusion The expression of NDRG1 is low in the majority of patients with gastric carcinoma, which was in a close relationship with advanced stage, local invasion and lymphatic metastases of gastric carcinoma. NDRG1 may be a candidate metastasis suppressor gene.

Purpose To evaluate the correlations between high resolution CT (HRCT) findings and IASLC/ATS/ERS pathological classification of ground glass nodule (GGN). Materials and Methods 121 patients with confirmed GGN were selected, and divided into benign group (22 cases), PIL group (21 cases), microinvasive carcinoma group (26 cases) and invasive carcinoma group (52 cases), then the imaging, pathology and prognosis data of patients with pulmonary GGN were reviewed, and the differences among GGN of different pathological types were analyzed.Results Maximum diameter, margin, vacuole sign, solid component, shape and blood vessels through of GGN were significantly different among the four groups (χ2=9.945-31.068,P<0.05). Maximum diameter and margin were significantly different between invasive adenocarcinoma and other groups (P<0.008); vacuole sign of the benign group was significantly different with other groups (P<0.008); the existence of solid component and shape were significantly different between invasive adenocarcinoma and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (P<0.008); there was significant difference of blood vessels through between invasive adenocarcinoma and benign lesions (P<0.008). Among the 121 lesions, no metastasis except one invasive adenocarcinoma case complicated with distant metastasis.Conclusion Maximum diameter of GGN greater than 16.35 mm, with spiculation or lobulation represent invasive adenocarcinoma; vacuole sign within the GGN represent malignancy; with solid component and irregular shape can be used to identify invasive adenocarcinoma from minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; while blood vessels through can be used to identify invasive adenocarcinoma from benign lesions; the prognosis of GGNs is well with only 0.83% probability of distant metastasis.

Myasthenic crisis (MC) is a severe comorbidity or complication which may be critical to the patients during the treatment or onset of myasthenia gravis.We conduct the review and comment regarding prevention and treatment of MC.

Objective To identify the clinical and demographical features that may impact the duration of mechanical ventilation(DMV) in the patients with post-thymectomy myasthenic crisis(PTMC).Methods Reviewed the patients who had PTMC from June 2008 to November 2015.Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to identify potential prognostic factors that may impact DMV and long-term survival,respectively.One-way ANOVA analysis was used to compare the four groups with continuous variates.Statistical powers were calculated by using XLSTAT.Results In total,seventy patients with PTMC were enrolled.Alcoholic abuse,high MGFA classification and Clavien-Dindo classification were the critical factors that remarkably delayed early extubation.Postoperative lung infection(PLI) as sole complication did not prolong DMV as compared to those without any complication,however,PLI with other more severe complications requiring at least pharmacological treatment seemed to remarkably prolong DMV,as compared to those without any complication.Conclusion Preoperative abstinence,proper treatment of MG and postoperative complications can decrease the incidence of PTMC,shorten the use of ventilator time and improve the prognosis of patients.