Objective To investigate the effects of liver function and tumor markers by nucleoside analogues Entecavir on patients with liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B.Methods 90 patients with liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B were selected, according to the different drugs were divided into experimental group and control group.Liver function and levels of tumor markers were compared after experiment.Results Two groups of patients with male to female ratio, average age, course of disease, no significant difference in general data of hepatitis B virus DNA content, comparable (P>0.05);Compared with the control group, the experimental group HBV DNA level is low, the negative rate was significantly higher (P<0.05);Compared with the control group, the experimental group ALT, AST and TBiL levels were significantly increased(P<0.05), ChE, AlB were significantly decreased (P<0.05);Compared with the control group, the experimental group CEA, AFP, CA125 and lower CA199 levels (P<0.05).Conclusion Nucleoside drugs can significantly improve liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis after hepatitis Band tumor markers indicators, and it is significance for treatment of liver cirrhosis after hepatitis.

Objective:To establish a risk prediction model for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) using regression analysis and verify the model.Methods:The risk factors and acute exacerbation of 1 326 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who entered the stable phase and followed up for 6 months in the four completed multi-center large-sample randomized controlled trials were retrospectively analyzed. Using the conversion-random number generator, about 80% of the 1 326 cases were randomly selected as the model group ( n = 1 074), and about 20% were the verification group ( n = 252). The data from the model group were selected, and Logistic regression analysis was used to screen independent risk factors for AECOPD, and an AECOPD risk prediction model was established; the model group and validation group data were substituted into the model, respectively, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to verify the effectiveness of the risk prediction model in predicting AECOPD. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in general information (gender, smoking status, comorbidities, education level, etc.), body mass index (BMI) classification, lung function [forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), etc.], disease status (the number and duration of acute exacerbation in the past year, duration of disease, etc.), quality of life scale [COPD assessment test (CAT), etc.] and clinical symptoms (cough, chest tightness, etc.) between the model group and the validation group. It showed that the two sets of data had good homogeneity, and the cases in the validation group could be used to verify the effectiveness of the risk prediction model established through the model group data to predict AECOPD. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.679, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.221-2.308, P = 0.001], BMI classification ( OR = 0.576, 95% CI was 0.331-1.000, P = 0.050), FEV1 ( OR = 0.551, 95% CI was 0.352-0.863, P = 0.009), number of acute exacerbation ( OR = 1.344, 95% CI was 1.245-1.451, P = 0.000) and duration of acute exacerbation ( OR = 1.018, 95% CI was 1.002-1.034, P = 0.024) were independent risk factors for AECOPD. A risk prediction model for AECOPD was constructed based on the results of regression analysis: probability of acute exacerbation ( P) = 1/(1+ e- x), x = -3.274 + 0.518×gender-0.552×BMI classification + 0.296×number of acute exacerbation + 0.018×duration of acute exacerbation-0.596×FEV1. The ROC curve analysis verified that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of the model group was 0.740, the AUC of the verification group was 0.688; the maximum Youden index of the model was 0.371, the corresponding best cut-off value of prediction probability was 0.197, the sensitivity was 80.1%, and the specificity was 57.0%. Conclusion:The AECOPD risk prediction model based on the regression analysis method had a moderate predictive power for the acute exacerbation risk of COPD patients, and could assist clinical diagnosis and treatment decision in a certain degree.

Objective To explore the value of the ultrasound contrast agent in conjunction with advanced contrast imaging techniques in the evaluation of the renal cortical perfusion. Methods The animal model was established with ligating renal artery to cause the renal cortical perfusion decrease of rabbits. Real-time harmonic gray scale imaging was performed to visualize the contrast enhancement of the renal cortex. After bolus injection of contrast agent SonoVue, dynamic image was observed and recorded during the first three minutes. According to the time-intensity curve (TIC), accelerating time (AT),Peak intensity (A), time to half of peak intensity (T), difference between peak and base (PBD), slope rate of the curve (β) and the product of A and β (A·β) were obtained before and after the renal artery operation. The t test and correlation analysis was used to examine the above parameters. Results Before the renal artery operation, renal cortex enhanced rapidly and obviously, the way of the enhancement was renal artery-cortex-pyramids. After ligation of renal artery, AT prolonged evidently (P<0.001), A decreased obviously (P<0.001), T obviously shortened (P<0.001), PBD decreased markedly (P<0.001), while the decline of βinduced (P<0.002) and A·βobvious dropped(P<0.001). AT, BPD and A·βcorrelated with stenosis level of renal artery. Compared with 31%－69% group, AT prolonged evidently (P<0.001). A decreased obviously (P<0.029), PBD decreased obviously (P<0.001), A·β was dropped markedly (P<0.02) in 70%-93% stenosis group. Conclusions Contrast agent combining with developed contrast specific imaging is able to detect changes of renal cortical microcirculation sensitively with the help of analysis of TIC.

Objective To explore the application value of ultra -high frequency ultrasound in detection of femoral artery stenosis in rabbits.Methods Twenty-four healthy male New Zealand white rabbits (body weight 2.5 -3.0 kg) were randomly divided into three groups , 8 rabbits in each group.Preparation of femoral atherosclerosis model : the rabbits were fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after femoral artery balloon injury , respectively.The changes of cholesterol level were observed .We used ultra-high frequency ultrasonic probe to observe the femoral artery , to assess the diameter stenosis rate and peak systolic velocity (SPV) at the symptomatic side, and the histological areal stenosis was evaluated.Results 1.The blood cholesterol levels were increased after fed high cholesterol diet , with a significant difference among the groups (P <0.001); 2.There was a stenosis to a different degree in the modeling artery after fed high cholesterol diet for 4 wks, 8 wks, and 12 wks, and the stenosis degree was increased gradually .At 12 w, the degree of stenosis was higher than that at 4 w and 8 w, respectively, showing statistical significance ( P <0.001).At the symptomatic side, the peak systolic flow velocity was increased , and it was higher at 12 w than that at 4w and 8 w, respectively.3.With the extension of time, the arterial stenosis rate was increased along with the time course (P <0.05). Conclusions 1.High fat diet combined with balloon injury can cause varying degrees of rabbit femoral artery stenosis ; 2. Ultrahigh frequency ultrasound can clearly show different degrees of rabbit femoral artery stenosis , and can be used for detecting the lesions in animal models of peripheral vascular diseases .

Myasthenic crisis (MC) is a severe comorbidity or complication which may be critical to the patients during the treatment or onset of myasthenia gravis.We conduct the review and comment regarding prevention and treatment of MC.

Objective To identify the clinical and demographical features that may impact the duration of mechanical ventilation(DMV) in the patients with post-thymectomy myasthenic crisis(PTMC).Methods Reviewed the patients who had PTMC from June 2008 to November 2015.Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to identify potential prognostic factors that may impact DMV and long-term survival,respectively.One-way ANOVA analysis was used to compare the four groups with continuous variates.Statistical powers were calculated by using XLSTAT.Results In total,seventy patients with PTMC were enrolled.Alcoholic abuse,high MGFA classification and Clavien-Dindo classification were the critical factors that remarkably delayed early extubation.Postoperative lung infection(PLI) as sole complication did not prolong DMV as compared to those without any complication,however,PLI with other more severe complications requiring at least pharmacological treatment seemed to remarkably prolong DMV,as compared to those without any complication.Conclusion Preoperative abstinence,proper treatment of MG and postoperative complications can decrease the incidence of PTMC,shorten the use of ventilator time and improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of four simplified screening methods of elevated blood pressure commonly used among children and adolescents according to Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension (revised in 2018), so as to provide a reference for the early detection of the elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents. Methods: Stratified cluster random sampling method was used to monitor the physical fitness of 5 211 children and adolescents in a city of Shanxi Province from October to November 2021. Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension was considered as gold standard, and sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC) and Kappa value were calculated to evaluate the screening effectiveness of formula method, height specific method, age group specific method, sex and age specific method for screening elevated blood pressure. Results: The detection rates of elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents screened by gold standard, formula method, height specific method,age group specific method, sex and age specific method were 21.9%, 24.0%, 21.1%, 24.5% and 20.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference between prevalence of elevated blood pressure screened by formula method, sex and age specific method and gold standard( χ 2=1.21, 1.41, P >0.05), whereas height specific method and age group specific method had significant differences with gold standard ( χ 2=20.39, 67.09, P <0.05). AUC was the largest for height specific method [0.94(95% CI =0.93-0.95)], and the smallest for age group specific method [0.87(95% CI = 0.86 -0.88)]. The Kappa values of height specific method (0.89) and sex and age specific method (0.89) were both greater than 0.85 , which were more consistent with the screening effectiveness of gold standard. When comparing by sex, age and body mass index (BMI), the screening effectivenesses were consistent with the overall in boys, 6-11 years and normal body weight groups, while the screening effectivenesses were different in girls, 12-17 years, overweight and obese groups. The AUC (0.87), Kappa value (0.71) and sensitivity (82.33%) of age group specific method were the lowest and the screening effectiveness was the worst. Conclusion Height specific method is more effective and can be used for early identification and self detection of blood pressure abnormalities among children and adolescents.

Objective:To analyze and compare the efficacy of robotic, laparoscopic and open dorsal mesh rectopexy in the treatment of severe rectal prolapse.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed. Patients who had a full-thickness rectum pulled out of the anus before surgery and the length was greater than 8 cm, and underwent transabdominal dorsal mesh rectopexy were enrolled in the study. Those who had urinary or sexual dysfunction before surgery, could not perform sexual function scores due to lack of a fixed sexual partner or sexual activity after surgery, underwent laparotomy again during the perioperative period, were transferred to laparotomy during robotic or laparoscopic surgery, or had no complete information, were excluded. A total of 61 patients with severe rectal prolapse in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2014 to 2018 were enrolled and divided into robotic group (20 cases), laparoscopic group (20 cases) and open group (21 cases) according to the operative procedure based on patients' will. Perioperative parameters were compared among the 3 groups. The International Prostatic Symptoms Score Scale (IPSS, higher score indicates more severe urinary dysfunction), the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire (IIEF-15, lower score indicates more severe male sexual dysfunction) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-19, lower score indicates more severe female sexual dysfunction) were used to evaluate and compare the urinary and sexual function before and after operation.Results:There were no significant differences in baseline data among the 3 groups (all P>0.05). In the robotic, laparoscopic and open groups respectively, the operative time was (176.3±13.8) minutes, (160.2±12.1) minutes and (134.2±12.1) minutes; intraoperative blood loss was (58.5±18.9) ml, (67.9±15.7) ml and (114.2±8.4) ml; the first time to ambulation was (19.9±6.8) hours, (24.0±8.9) hours and (37.7±11.4) hours; the first time to gas passage was (31.8±6.8) hours, (35.7±8.9) hours and (49.2±11.2) hours; the hospitalization time was (11.0±1.4) days, (11.4±1.4) days and (13.3±2.1) days; whose differences among 3 groups were all significant (all P<0.001). While no significant differences in morbidity of complication and recurrence among 3 groups were observed (all P>0.05). In the robotic, laparoscopic and open groups respectively, the preoperative IPSS score was (4.2±1.7), (4.4±1.3), and (4.7±1.8); the IPSS score at postoperative 3-month was (8.5±2.5), (9.9±1.7), and (12.2±3.1); IPSS score at postoperative 12-month was (4.3±1.6), (5.8±1.3), and (6.3±1.5), respectively. Compared to preoperative score, postoperative IPSS score increased obviously, then decreased gradually ( P<0.001). Preoperative male IIEE score was (22.8±1.8), (22.1±2.1), and (22.6±1.5). In the robotic, laparoscopic and open groups respectively, male IIEE score at postoperative 6-month was (19.6±2.1), (17.1±2.1), and (15.0±2.1); male IIEE score at postoperative 12-month was (22.4±1.6), (19.9±1.5), (17.9±1.8), respectively. Preoperative female FSFI score was (26.4±3.4), (26.6±3.2), and (26.6±3.0); female FSFI score at postoperative 6-month was (21.5±3.3), (18.9±2.9), (17.0±2.6); female FSFI score at postoperative 12-month was (26.1±2.7), (22.7±3.2), and (21.2±2.3), respectively. Postoperative male IIEE score and female FSFI score decreased significantly and then increased gradually with time, whose differences were all significant (all P<0.05). Postoperative IPSS, IIEE, and FSFI scores in the robotic group were superior to those in the laparoscopic and open groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Robotic surgery is safe and effective in the treatment of severe rectal prolapse, and is more advantageous in preserving urinary function and sexual function.

Objective:To analyze and compare the efficacy of robotic, laparoscopic and open dorsal mesh rectopexy in the treatment of severe rectal prolapse.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed. Patients who had a full-thickness rectum pulled out of the anus before surgery and the length was greater than 8 cm, and underwent transabdominal dorsal mesh rectopexy were enrolled in the study. Those who had urinary or sexual dysfunction before surgery, could not perform sexual function scores due to lack of a fixed sexual partner or sexual activity after surgery, underwent laparotomy again during the perioperative period, were transferred to laparotomy during robotic or laparoscopic surgery, or had no complete information, were excluded. A total of 61 patients with severe rectal prolapse in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2014 to 2018 were enrolled and divided into robotic group (20 cases), laparoscopic group (20 cases) and open group (21 cases) according to the operative procedure based on patients' will. Perioperative parameters were compared among the 3 groups. The International Prostatic Symptoms Score Scale (IPSS, higher score indicates more severe urinary dysfunction), the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire (IIEF-15, lower score indicates more severe male sexual dysfunction) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-19, lower score indicates more severe female sexual dysfunction) were used to evaluate and compare the urinary and sexual function before and after operation.Results:There were no significant differences in baseline data among the 3 groups (all P>0.05). In the robotic, laparoscopic and open groups respectively, the operative time was (176.3±13.8) minutes, (160.2±12.1) minutes and (134.2±12.1) minutes; intraoperative blood loss was (58.5±18.9) ml, (67.9±15.7) ml and (114.2±8.4) ml; the first time to ambulation was (19.9±6.8) hours, (24.0±8.9) hours and (37.7±11.4) hours; the first time to gas passage was (31.8±6.8) hours, (35.7±8.9) hours and (49.2±11.2) hours; the hospitalization time was (11.0±1.4) days, (11.4±1.4) days and (13.3±2.1) days; whose differences among 3 groups were all significant (all P<0.001). While no significant differences in morbidity of complication and recurrence among 3 groups were observed (all P>0.05). In the robotic, laparoscopic and open groups respectively, the preoperative IPSS score was (4.2±1.7), (4.4±1.3), and (4.7±1.8); the IPSS score at postoperative 3-month was (8.5±2.5), (9.9±1.7), and (12.2±3.1); IPSS score at postoperative 12-month was (4.3±1.6), (5.8±1.3), and (6.3±1.5), respectively. Compared to preoperative score, postoperative IPSS score increased obviously, then decreased gradually ( P<0.001). Preoperative male IIEE score was (22.8±1.8), (22.1±2.1), and (22.6±1.5). In the robotic, laparoscopic and open groups respectively, male IIEE score at postoperative 6-month was (19.6±2.1), (17.1±2.1), and (15.0±2.1); male IIEE score at postoperative 12-month was (22.4±1.6), (19.9±1.5), (17.9±1.8), respectively. Preoperative female FSFI score was (26.4±3.4), (26.6±3.2), and (26.6±3.0); female FSFI score at postoperative 6-month was (21.5±3.3), (18.9±2.9), (17.0±2.6); female FSFI score at postoperative 12-month was (26.1±2.7), (22.7±3.2), and (21.2±2.3), respectively. Postoperative male IIEE score and female FSFI score decreased significantly and then increased gradually with time, whose differences were all significant (all P<0.05). Postoperative IPSS, IIEE, and FSFI scores in the robotic group were superior to those in the laparoscopic and open groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Robotic surgery is safe and effective in the treatment of severe rectal prolapse, and is more advantageous in preserving urinary function and sexual function.

Objective:To construct the risk prediction model of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and verify its effectiveness based on deep learning and back propagation algorithm neural network (BP neural network).Methods:Based on the relevant data of 1 326 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the team's previous clinical study, the acute exacerbation, and its risk factors during the stable period and 6 months of follow-up were recorded and analyzed. Combined with previous clinical research data and expert questionnaire results, the independent risk factors of AECOPD after screening and optimization by multivariate Logistic regression including gender, body mass index (BMI) classification, number of acute exacerbation, duration of acute exacerbation and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were used to build the BP neural network by Python 3.6 programming language and Tensorflow 1.12 deep learning framework. The patients were randomly selected according to the ratio of 4∶1 to generate the training group and the test group, of which, the training group had 1 061 sample data while the test group had 265 pieces of sample data. The training group was used to establish the prediction model of neural network, and the test group was used for back-substitution test. When using the training group data to construct the neural network model, the training group was randomly divided into training set and verification set according to the ratio of 4∶1. There were 849 training samples in the training set and 212 verification samples in the verification set. The optimal model was screened by adjusting the parameters of the neural network and combining the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), and the sample data of the test group was substituted into the model for verification.Results:The independent risk factors including gender, BMI classification, number of acute exacerbation, duration of acute exacerbation and FEV1 were collected from the team's previous clinical research, and the AECOPD risk prediction model was constructed based on deep learning and BP neural network. After 10 000 training sessions, the accuracy of the AECOPD risk prediction model in the validation set of the training group was 83.09%. When the number of training times reached 8 000, the accuracy basically tended to be stable and the prediction ability reached the upper limit. The AECOPD risk prediction model trained for 10 000 times was used to predict the risk of the validation set data, and the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) analysis showed that the AUC was 0.803. When using this model to predict the risk of the data of the test group, the accuracy rate was 81.69%.Conclusion:The risk prediction model based on deep learning and BP neural network has a medium level of prediction efficiency for acute exacerbation within 6 months in COPD patients, which can evaluate the risk of AECOPD and assist the clinic in making accurate treatment decisions.