Objective To observe the safety and efficacy of rocuronium rapid sequence induction in patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).Methods 100 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into two groups(n =50):control group(group C)and rocuronium rapid sequence induction group (group R).Conventional induction of anesthesia was used in group C,rocuronium rapid sequence induction was used in group R and assisted ventilation was not implemented in the induction process.Oxygen saturation(SpO2 ),partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2 ),carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaO2 ),pH were recored at the condition of breathing air (T0 ),breathing pure oxygen 5 minutes(T1 ),after intubation(T2 )and mechanical ventilation five minutes(T3 ).The grade of the exposure in operation field,the operative time,indwelling of gastric suction tube,the time of no ventilation in group R were recorded,too.Results Compared to T1 time point,PaO2 and pH in group R decreased,but PaCO2 was significantly higher at T2 time point(P <0.05);PaO2 and pH in group R were lower,but PaCO2 was significantly higher than group C at T2 time point(P <0.05).After 5 minutes mechanical ventilation,the PaCO2 and pH in two groups were restored to the preoperative level(P >0.05),but SpO2 and PaO2 were higher than preoperative at every time point(P <0.05).The incidence of Indwelling gastric suction tube is higher in group C than in group R,the grade of exposure in the operation field were better in group R than in group C(P <0.05).Conclusion Application of rocuronium rapid sequence induction technique in laparoscopic cholecystectomy can improve the operative conditions and field,it can be safely used in clinical anesthesia.