Objective To investigate protective effect of dexmedetomidine on cerebral injury in patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) .Methods 60 patients with CPB underwent cardiac valve replacement were randomly divided into observation group and control group ,and respectively given dexmedetomidine and saline ,before CPB (T1) ,aortic opening (T2) ,CPB (T3) and 6 hours after operation (T4) ,then tested jugular bulb oxygen saturation degree (SjvO2 ) , cerebral arteriovenous internal jugular venous oxygen content difference (Ca-jvO2 )and cerebral oxygen extraction rate(ERO2 ) ,and the plasma levels of S-100βprotein and plasma specific enolase (NSE) .Results In T2 ,T3 ,SjvO2 ,PaO2 increased ,Ca-jvO2 ,ERO2 decreased ,in T3 during rewarming ,SjvO2 ,PaO2 of observation group was significantly higher than control group ,Ca-jvO2 ,ERO2 was lower than that in control group ,there were significant difference between two groups (P<0 .05) .In T2 ,T3 ,T4 ,NSE and S-100βprotein concentration of water increased ,but that of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group ,there were significant differences between two groups (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Dexmedetomidine has cerebral protective effect .

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of oxycodone on postoperative pain and stress response in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods Sixty patients scheduled for gynecological laparoscopy,aging from 18 to 50 years old,of ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were included and randomized into three groups:control group (group C),low dose of oxycodone group (group L),high dose of oxycodone group (group H),20 cases in each group.Pa-tients in group L,H received 0.05,0.1 mg/kg oxycodone respectively while paitents in group C re-ceived saline 5 ml 1 5 min before the end of the surgery.Visual analogue scale(VAS)pain score and RASS score were measured on 1,6,12 and 24 h postoperatively.Glucose and serum cortisol were also measured before the operation and on time points of 6,12 and 24 h after the operation.Adverse effects were recorded too.Results Compared with group C,VAS were significantly lower in group L and H within 1 hour postoperatively.(P <0.05).VAS was significantly lower in group H than that in group C and L at 6 h postoperatively (P <0.05 ).The RASS scores of group L and H were significantly lower than those in group C (P <0.05)at 1 h postoperatively.Blood glucose and serum cortisol of group L and H increased at 6,12 and 24 h after operation (P <0.05).Compared with group C,blood glucose and serum cortisol were significantly lower in group L and group H at 6,12 h after operation (P <0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions in each group. Conclusion Oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg injected before the end of gynecological laparoscopic surgery could effectively relieve postoperative pain with less adverse reactions,and decrease postoperation stress re-sponse.

Objective To discuss effect of anesthesia methods and depth on perioperative cellular immune function of gastric cancer patients. Methods Sixty cases with gastric cancer treated by operation were randomly divided into in-halation anesthesia group and intravenous anesthesia group (each of 30 cases). Two groups were divided into deep anesthesia subgroup and light anesthesia subgroups according to BIS. T lymphocyte subsets and NK cell before anes-thesia, the end of surgery, 72 h after surgery were detected. Results CD3+, CD4+ T cell count, CD4+/CD8+ and NK cell of deep anesthesia subgroup and light anesthesia subgroups at the end of surgery were lower than before anesthesia and 72 h after operation (P<0.05). CD3+,CD4+T cell count, CD4+/CD8+and NK cell of deep anesthesia subgroup at the end of surgery were higher than light anesthesia subgroups (P<0.05). Conclusion Effect of deep anesthesia on perioperative cellular immune function of gastric cancer patients is less than light anesthesia.

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) of Dehong State in 2017,to find out the present situation of prevention and control of IDD,and to provide scientific basis for guiding the comprehensive prevention and control of IDD in our state in the future.Methods According to "Yunnan Iodine Deficiency Disorders Monitoring Program",a sampling survey was conducted in 5 counties (cities) of Dehong State,Yunnan Province.Urine and household salt samples were collected from children aged 8 to 10 years old and pregnant women in Mangshi,Lianghe County and Yingjiang County.Iodine content was detected.In addition,household salt samples of Ruili City and Longchuan County were collected to detect iodine content.Results There were 1 609 salt samples from local inhabitants,the coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.19％ (1 596/1 609),the edible rate of qualified iodized salt was 95.03％ (1 529/1 609) and the median of iodized salt was 23.76 mg/kg.The median of urinary iodine in 623 children aged 8 to 10 years old was 221.34 μg/L and the thyroid enlargement rate was 0.48％ (3/623).The median of urinary iodine in 346 pregnant women was 159.52 μg/L.Conclusion The iodine nutrition of children aged 8 to 10 years old and pregnant women of Dehong State is appropriate in 2017.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a deep-learning architecture based on faster region-based convolutional neural networks (Faster R-CNN) algorithm for detection and sorting of red ginseng (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra) with internal defects automatically on an online X-ray machine vision system. METHODS: A Faster R-CNN based classifier was trained with around 20 000 samples with mean average precision value (mAP) of 0.95. A traditional image processing method based on feedforward neural network (FNN) obtained a bad performance with the accuracy, recall and specificity of 69.0%, 68.0%, and 70.0%, respectively. Therefore, the Faster R-CNN model was saved to evaluate the model performance on the defective red ginseng online sorting system. RESULTS: An independent set of 2 000 red ginsengs were used to validate the performance of the Faster R-CNN based online sorting system in three parallel tests, achieving accuracy of 95.8%, 95.2% and 96.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION The overall results indicated that the proposed Faster R-CNN based classification model has great potential for non-destructive detection of red ginseng with internal defects.

AIM: In order to bridge the gap between pharmacogenomic research and its clinical application, we propose the concept of genetic electronic identity, named "GeneFace", and developed an electronic information system which integrated "drug-gene" interactions and recommendations for personalized medicine. METHODS: Based on the self-developed Precision Medicine knowledgebase, which concludes drug directions, guidelines or important literatures with high level of evidence, we developed GeneFace with Java-based open-resource application framework Spring Boot, further developed a mobile App with cross-platform framework Uni-APP. RESULTS: The App includes six modules: genetic testing appointment, genetic knowledge introduction, individualized medication advice, medication records, Geneface interpretation, and Precision Medicine knowledgebase. By detecting the genotype of more than 300 gene loci upon first use, users import the results to form a personal "drug-gene identity card". Then scan or enter the drug name in "GeneFace", the App would automatically give corresponding medication recommendations, including: risks for possible adverse drug reactions, risks for reducing the efficacy or even ineffectiveness, and possibility for dose adjustment, etc., which increase the safety of clinical drug use. People can obtain pharmacogenomics knowledge and basic drug information in the "GeneFace" app. CONCLUSION: Development as a digital therapeutic product, the expanded application of GeneFace can rapidly promote clinical applications of basic pharmacogenomics research and significantly improve drug use safety, which creating a new model for accelerating the clinical application of personalized medicine.

AIM: To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of single-dose oral moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets under fasting and fed conditions, and use moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets produced by Bayer Pharma AG as a reference to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of the two preparations, and evaluate the human bioequivalence of the two preparations. METHODS: A single-center, randomized, open, two-period, and self-crossover design was adopted to conduct a fasting and fed bioequivalence study of 23 healthy subjects each. The 0.4 g dose preparations were taken orally per cycle on fasting or fed administration. The plasma concentrations of moxifloxacin at different times after administration were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated, and the bioavailability of the test preparation relative to the reference preparation was evaluated. RESULTS: After subjects in the fasting group took the test preparation T and the reference preparation R, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of moxifloxacin hydrochloride were: C

AIM: Describe the general situation of the First-In-Human trials of the drugs, and summarize the design and results of the First-In-Human trials. METHODS: We searched the literature of the First-In-Human trials in 2009-2020 on PubMed and screened out the literature that met the research purpose. The basic information of the literature was collected. Data analysis was conducted to summarize relevant outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 559 First-In-Human trials were included in this study. The types of drugs included small molecule drugs (52.42%, 293/559), macromolecule drugs (45.62%, 255/559), and a small amount of cells and viruses (1.97%, 11/559) and so on. Regarding the determination of the starting dose, whether it was in macromolecules (23.86%, 21/88) or small molecules (30.15%, 41/136), No Observed Adverse Effect Level (27.68%, 62/224) was mainly used as the main reference basis, followed by preclinical research (21.88%, 49/224) and Minimal Anticipated Biological Effect Level (8.48%, 19/224), etc. In the dose escalation test, 50.19%(135/269) of the studies used the traditional standard 3+3 dose escalation method, followed by the accelerated titration method (7.06%, 19/269), and the improved 3+3 method (6.69%, 18/269), etc. CONCLUSION: The design of First-In-Human clinical trials has certain regularity in the content and results of the research design. In the subsequent trials, it is important to scientifically design the First-In-Human trials, and promote the safe and effective development of the First-In-Human trials of the drugs.