Objective To explore the effect of open storage and peeling on the fluorine content of dried com in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of coal-combustion fluorosis. Methods In October 2006, 34 samples of freshly dried and 3-month old dried com were sampled in Zhenxiong county, Zhaotong city, Yunnan province. Fluorine content in corn was determined by combustion-hydrolysis-ion selective electrode method. Results The average fluorine content of freshly dried corn by coal-combustion was (4.29 ±1.87)mg/kg,and increased to (6.64±2.64)mg/kg after they had been openly stored for three months and the average content increased by 54.74%. But if corn was peeled off, their fluorine content decreased to (5.03±2.04)mg/kg at a rate of 24.25%. The amount of fluorine absorbed by the skin of corn was more than other parts of com during corn desiccation. Conclusions The inhabitants in coal-combustion fluorosis areas ingest less fluorine through dry com if they eat the peeled corn and take measures to keep it airtight and moisture-proof during storage thus reducing the harm of coal-combustion fluorosis.

Objective To summarize the management of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) for infants below 10 kilograms with congenital heart diseases.Methods From Jan 2010 to Apr 2011,the clinical datas of 122 infants aged from 1.5 months to 2 years with body weight 3 to 10 kilograms,who underwent open heart surgery under mild or moderate hypothermia CPB were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among all the 122 infants,CPB time was 13 ～ 118 min [(62.69 ± 21.48) min],aortic cross-clamp time was 0 to 86 min [(35.47 ± 19.51) min].All patients were spontaneous resuscitation and successfully weared from the machine,no severe complications associated with CPB occurred,3 infants died (2.46％,3/122) after operation.Conclusion Using membrane oxygenator,circuit tubing and artery filter with less priming,and highflow perfusion during CPB,maintaining hemodynamics stable,holding reasonable hematocrit and colloid osmotic pressure,good myocardial protection and ultrafiltration are the significant elements of the management of CPB in infants with weight less than 10 kilograms.

Objective To analyze clinical effects of gastric tube operation for treatment of esophageal cancer in elderly patients and evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety.Methods A total of 171 patients aged 60-72 years with esophageal cancer in our hospital were selected.They were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.Treatment group was treated with gastric tube operation,and control group was traditionally treated with complete replacement of esophagus with stomach.The quality of life,patient satisfaction and safety of operation were evaluated after 3 weeks,6 months and 12 months after operation,respectively.Results The operation for esophageal cancer in 171 patients were successful.At 3 weeks after the operation,the score of life quality in treatment group and control group were both low [(67.3±9.6) vs.(65.3±8.4)],and there were no significant differences between the two groups (P＞0.05).At 6 months and 12 months after operation,the scores of life quality were (89.2±8.3) and (90.3±9.6) in treatment group,and (66.5± 10.4) and (60.5 ± 11.2) in contol group,respectively.There were statistical differences between the two groups after 6 months and 12 months of operation (P＜0.05).The complication rate in treatment group (6.9％) was much lower than that in control group (30.6％),and there were significant differences between the two groups (x2 =18.43,P＜0.01).The patient satisfaction was in no differences between the two groups at 3 weeks after operation (P＞ 0.05),while there were statistically significant differences at 6 and 12 weeks after the operation (P＜0.05).Conclusions Gastric tube operation in treatment of elderly patients with esophageal cancer,can effectively improve the life quality,and prevent the occurrence of postoperative complications,which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To observe the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and the effects of ERK5 selective inhibitor XMD8-92 on human platelet activation in vitro,and to explore its mechanism.Methods Western blot was applied to detect the phosphorylation levels of ERK5,Akt473 and Akt308 in AMI patients (n =34) and stable angina patients (n =33,control).The effects of different concentration of XMD8-92 on human platelet aggregation induced by collagen was tested by aggregometer in vitro.The release of ATP was measured simultaneously by luciferase detection.The effects of XMD8-92 on integrin aIIbβ3 were detected by platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen and clot retraction.The effects of XMD8-92 on phosphorylation levels of Akt473,Akt308 PTEN370 and ERK5 were detected by Western blot.Results The levels of phosphor-Akt473,Akt308 and phosphor-ERK5 were significantly higher in AMI patients than that in control group (P＜0.05).ERK5 inhibitor XMD8-92 diminished collagen-induced platelet aggregation,ATP secretion,the average area of platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen and the clot retraction extent.The levels of phosphor-Akt (Ser-473/Thr-308) and phosphor-PTEN (Ser370) were significantly down-regulated in the presence of XMD8-92.Conclusions ERK5 plays a role in platelet activation in AMI process.It regulates platelet activation by regulating PTEN and Akt phosphorylation.Its specific inhibitor is hoped to be new antithrombotic drug.

To explore the binocular disparity information for children with a normal vision based on computer-assisted evaluation system.We examined the random dot zero-order disparity,line zero-order disparity,2nd-order disparity and random dot motion parallax for 97 children with normal vision.And 94 children reached 100″ vision disparity both in random dot zero-order disparity and line zero-order disparity (pass rate of 96.9％) ; all 94 cases passed the 2nd-order disparity and random dot motion parallax.Thus children with a normal vision develop their stereopsis.

To identify the original plant of Daturae Flos from its adulterants by DNA barcoding, the sequences of ITS2, psbA-trnH, matK, rbcL of four species including Datura metel, Darura innoxia, Darura stramonium and Brugmansia arborea were compared and analyzed. The PCR and sequencing success rate of the four regions (ITS2, psbA-trnH, matK, rbcL) was 100%, 90%, 100% and 85%, respectively. Sequences were assembled with CodonCode Aligner. K2P distances were calculated and NJ tree was performed by MEGA 4.1. Thirty SNPs were found among ITS2 sequences, and 33 insert/deletes were found among psbA-trnH intergenic regions. The interspecific K2P distance of ITS2 and psbA-trnH was obviously higher than that of the intraspecific one. As to matK and rbcL, there was no "Barcoding Gap" existing between inter- and intra-specific distances. The NJ trees of the four regions/combinations were built separately. Samples of Brugmansia arborea were clustered into one clade, and the other species of Datura L. formed another clade. The results showed that either ITS2 or psbA-trnH was useful to identify Daturae Flos from its adulterants.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of pedistric Littre hernia.Methods Clinical data of 11 cases of Littre hermia admitted from January 2002 to December 2010 was studied retrospectively.Results The diagnosis of Littre hernia was all established by laparotomy.All of the 11 cases were boys,the median age was 1.2 years (22 days to 3 years and 7 months).The main clinical features were:painful,irregular and nonresetable mass in the groin area (11/11),vomiting in 6 cases (6/11 ),fever (＞38.5 ℃ ) in 4 cases (4/11 );X-ray showed intestinal obstruction in 9 cases (9/11 ),Ultrasound found mixed mass in the groin area in 11 cases ( 11/11 ),pouch-like structure were found in 6 cases (6/11).Eight cases (8/11) presented with elevated WBC ( ＞ 10000).Palpable lobulated structure were fell in 5 cases (5/11).All cases of Littre hernia were successfully operated on,Meckel diverticulum perforation was found in 2 cases ( 2/11 ),Meckel diverticulum adhered to the hernia sac in 8 eases (8/11).All patients were cured by surgery,and postoperative follow-up (10ms-8y) found no recurrence.Conclusions Pediatric Littre hernia is rare,preoperative diagnosis is difficult.Avoiding preoperative violent reduction and intraoperative injuring Meekel's diverticulum or the small bowel helps improve the cure rate of Littre hernia in children.

Objective To study the immunosuppressive mechanism of alkaloid sinomenine (SIN) by observing the effects of SIN on the proliferation and intracellular protein expression levels of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in CD4+ T lymphocytes of human periphery blood. Methods CD4+ T lymphocytes were isolated from PBMC suspensions with immunomagnetic beads and divided into five groups to culture. (1) Negative control group: no medicine was added to cell culture medium; (2) Positive control group: CsA solution (final concentration: 50ng/ml) was added to cell culture media; (3) Low-concentration SIN group (L-SIN): low-concentration SIN solution (final concentration: 10 μmol/L) was added to cell culture media; (4) Middle-concentration SIN group (M-SIN): middle-concentration SIN solution (final concentration: 200 μmol/L) was added to cell culture media; (5) High-concentration SIN group (H-SIN): high-concentration SIN solution (final concentration: 1000 tmol/L) was added to cell culture media. The proliferations of CD4+ T lymphocytes were observed. Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expression levels of NF-AT. FCM was used to determine the levels of IFN-γ. Results Compared with negative control group, the cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in H- and M-SIN groups (P＜0. 01 ). SIN concentration-dependently inhibited the protein expression levels of NF-AT and IFN-γ in CD4+ T lymphocytes of human periphery blood (P＜0.01). The protein expression levels of NF-AT and IFN-γ were lowest in positive control group. There was a close negative correlation between intracellular levels of NF-AT and cell proliferation inhibition ratio in CD4+ T lymphocytes of human periphery blood (rs = - 0. 969, P = 0. 000). Conclusion SIN can inhibit the protein expression of NF-AT and IFN-γ in CD4+ T lymphocytes of human periphery blood probably by decreasing protein levels of NF-AT to inhibit the activity and proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes.

BACKGROUND: Poly (lactic-co-glycolic-acid) (PLGA)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) composite microspheres may continuously release drug in phosphate buffer solution in vitro.OBJECTIVE: To prepare 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-loaded PLGA/nHA microspheres, and research the effect of nHA on drug loading,encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An in vitro materials observation was performed at Laboratory of College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology between February and July 2009.MATERIALS: PLGA was provided by Jinan Daigang Biomaterial Co., Ltd.; nHA by Key Lab for Special Functional Materials,Ministry of Education; 5-Fu by Shanghai Kaiyang Biomaterial Co., Ltd.METHODS: 5-Fu, a water-soluble anti-cancer drug, was used as model drug, and was firstly adsorbed by nHA and coated with biodegradable and blocompatible materials of PLGA so as to prepare PLGA/nHA-5-Fu composite microspheres by a single-emulsion solvent evaporation method (S/O/W). nHA and drug-loaded nHA were analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency as well as in vitro release of microspheres were studied with SEM, laser particle size analyzer, and UV-spectrophotometer.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Interaction between nHA and 5-Fu; drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release of Microspheres RESULTS: FTIR showed that nHA had a strong adsorption with 5-Fu. Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of PLGA/nHA-5-Fu composite microspheres were 3.83% and 86.78%, respectively, which were significantly greater than PLGA-5-Fu microspheres. After initial burst, composite microspheres released more slowly than PLGA microspheres alone. At day 27, the cumulative release rate of composite microspheres and PLGA microspheres alone were 84.87% and 99.87%,respectively.CONCLUSION: Because nHA has a strong adsorption with 5-Fu, PLGA/nHA-5-Fu composite microspheres compared to PLGA-5-Fu microspheres alone enhances drug loading and encapsulation efficiency, and has a better drug delivery effect.

Objective:To explore the expression and location of TLR5 and NLRC4 on different breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231,MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 and TLR5 activation in breast cancer cell line by recombinant flagellin . Methods:The mRNA level of TLR5 and NLRC4 in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 cell were detected with quantitative Real-time PCR and TLR5 expression and location in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell were detected with Flow cytometry. Induction,expression,purification and i-dentification of recombiant flagellin,including FliC (activating both TLR5 and NLRC4),FliC△90-97(unable to activate TLR5),FliC-L3A (unable to activate NLRC4),FliC△90-97:L3A (unable to activate both TLR5 and NLRC4). 1 μg/ml recombinant flagellin were used to stimulate MCF-7 cell lines,12 h later,the supernate were collected,and ELISA was performed to assess the secretion of IL-8. Results:The mRNA level of TLR5 in MCF-7 cell was 1 700 folds higher than that of MDA-MB-435. TLR5 was expressed in MCF-7 cell surface and ctyosol,while expressed only in cytosol in MDA-MB-231 cell. FliC and FliC-L3A,which were able to activate TLR5 pathway,stimualted MCF-7 cell line to secret IL-8,but FliC△90-97 and FliC△90-97:L3A did not. Conclusion:TLR5 and NLRC4 have been expressed in different breast cancer lines,but there exists difference on the expression level and location of TLR5. Expression level of TLR5 and NLRC4 in MCF-7 cell were higher than other breast cancer lines. TLR5 receptor which is expressed on the surface of breast cancer cell can be activated by flagellin,and these work also provide us experimental basis to further understand the impact of TLR5 activation on breast cancer cell proliferation.