Objective To explore the effect of open storage and peeling on the fluorine content of dried com in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of coal-combustion fluorosis. Methods In October 2006, 34 samples of freshly dried and 3-month old dried com were sampled in Zhenxiong county, Zhaotong city, Yunnan province. Fluorine content in corn was determined by combustion-hydrolysis-ion selective electrode method. Results The average fluorine content of freshly dried corn by coal-combustion was (4.29 ±1.87)mg/kg,and increased to (6.64±2.64)mg/kg after they had been openly stored for three months and the average content increased by 54.74%. But if corn was peeled off, their fluorine content decreased to (5.03±2.04)mg/kg at a rate of 24.25%. The amount of fluorine absorbed by the skin of corn was more than other parts of com during corn desiccation. Conclusions The inhabitants in coal-combustion fluorosis areas ingest less fluorine through dry com if they eat the peeled corn and take measures to keep it airtight and moisture-proof during storage thus reducing the harm of coal-combustion fluorosis.

Objective To summarize the management of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) for infants below 10 kilograms with congenital heart diseases.Methods From Jan 2010 to Apr 2011,the clinical datas of 122 infants aged from 1.5 months to 2 years with body weight 3 to 10 kilograms,who underwent open heart surgery under mild or moderate hypothermia CPB were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among all the 122 infants,CPB time was 13 ～ 118 min [(62.69 ± 21.48) min],aortic cross-clamp time was 0 to 86 min [(35.47 ± 19.51) min].All patients were spontaneous resuscitation and successfully weared from the machine,no severe complications associated with CPB occurred,3 infants died (2.46％,3/122) after operation.Conclusion Using membrane oxygenator,circuit tubing and artery filter with less priming,and highflow perfusion during CPB,maintaining hemodynamics stable,holding reasonable hematocrit and colloid osmotic pressure,good myocardial protection and ultrafiltration are the significant elements of the management of CPB in infants with weight less than 10 kilograms.

To explore the binocular disparity information for children with a normal vision based on computer-assisted evaluation system.We examined the random dot zero-order disparity,line zero-order disparity,2nd-order disparity and random dot motion parallax for 97 children with normal vision.And 94 children reached 100″ vision disparity both in random dot zero-order disparity and line zero-order disparity (pass rate of 96.9％) ; all 94 cases passed the 2nd-order disparity and random dot motion parallax.Thus children with a normal vision develop their stereopsis.

Objective To analyze clinical effects of gastric tube operation for treatment of esophageal cancer in elderly patients and evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety.Methods A total of 171 patients aged 60-72 years with esophageal cancer in our hospital were selected.They were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.Treatment group was treated with gastric tube operation,and control group was traditionally treated with complete replacement of esophagus with stomach.The quality of life,patient satisfaction and safety of operation were evaluated after 3 weeks,6 months and 12 months after operation,respectively.Results The operation for esophageal cancer in 171 patients were successful.At 3 weeks after the operation,the score of life quality in treatment group and control group were both low [(67.3±9.6) vs.(65.3±8.4)],and there were no significant differences between the two groups (P＞0.05).At 6 months and 12 months after operation,the scores of life quality were (89.2±8.3) and (90.3±9.6) in treatment group,and (66.5± 10.4) and (60.5 ± 11.2) in contol group,respectively.There were statistical differences between the two groups after 6 months and 12 months of operation (P＜0.05).The complication rate in treatment group (6.9％) was much lower than that in control group (30.6％),and there were significant differences between the two groups (x2 =18.43,P＜0.01).The patient satisfaction was in no differences between the two groups at 3 weeks after operation (P＞ 0.05),while there were statistically significant differences at 6 and 12 weeks after the operation (P＜0.05).Conclusions Gastric tube operation in treatment of elderly patients with esophageal cancer,can effectively improve the life quality,and prevent the occurrence of postoperative complications,which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To observe the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and the effects of ERK5 selective inhibitor XMD8-92 on human platelet activation in vitro,and to explore its mechanism.Methods Western blot was applied to detect the phosphorylation levels of ERK5,Akt473 and Akt308 in AMI patients (n =34) and stable angina patients (n =33,control).The effects of different concentration of XMD8-92 on human platelet aggregation induced by collagen was tested by aggregometer in vitro.The release of ATP was measured simultaneously by luciferase detection.The effects of XMD8-92 on integrin aIIbβ3 were detected by platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen and clot retraction.The effects of XMD8-92 on phosphorylation levels of Akt473,Akt308 PTEN370 and ERK5 were detected by Western blot.Results The levels of phosphor-Akt473,Akt308 and phosphor-ERK5 were significantly higher in AMI patients than that in control group (P＜0.05).ERK5 inhibitor XMD8-92 diminished collagen-induced platelet aggregation,ATP secretion,the average area of platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen and the clot retraction extent.The levels of phosphor-Akt (Ser-473/Thr-308) and phosphor-PTEN (Ser370) were significantly down-regulated in the presence of XMD8-92.Conclusions ERK5 plays a role in platelet activation in AMI process.It regulates platelet activation by regulating PTEN and Akt phosphorylation.Its specific inhibitor is hoped to be new antithrombotic drug.

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma triglycerides ( TG ) , cholesterol (TC)levels and breast cancer.Methods 105 cases of breast cancer(age from 22 to 69 years)and 261 cases of healthy control(age from 16 to 52 years)admitted from May.2014 to Oct.2014 were studied.TG and TC were tested.Subgroup analysis was performed by age (<35, 35-45, ≥45 years) and BMI( <18.5, 18.5-24, ≥24).Results TG level in breast cancer group was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group (t=-3.97,P=0.00), and TC level was lower than that in the healthy control group (t=2.49, P=0.01).TG lev-el of breast cancer patients≥45 years old was higher than that in the healthy control group ( t=-4.31, P=0.00).TC level of breast cancer patients <35 years and from 35 to 45 years was lower than that of the healthy control group(t=3.12, P=0.00及t=2.41, P=0.02); TG levels in breast cancer group were significantly lower than those of the healthy control group for all BMI subgroup ( t=-3.67, P=0.01 for BMI<18.5; t=-3.87, P=0.00 for BMI from 18.5 to 24.0;t=-2.01, P=0.04 for BMI≥24).TC level of breast cancer patients was higher than that of the healthy control group for patients whose BMI <18.5(t=-3.41, P=0.01) and it was lower than that of the healthy control group for patients whose BMI≥24.Conclusions The relation-ship between TG , TC and breast cancer is associated with age .Compared with healthy group , breast cancer pa-tients≥45 years have a higher TG level and breast cancer patients <45 years have a lower TC level .

BACKGROUND:The limb ischemia model in rats has been widely applied in China to study the pathological process and treatment method of limb ischemia, but there are some controversies on the model construction and evaluation, so a reliable, convenient and economical disease model is needed for the related research. OBJECTIVE:To compare limb ischemia degree, duration and changing rule of acute hind limb ischemia models prepared by different ways in Sprague-Dawley rats, and find a method to prepare models that have moderate and stable limb ischemia and maintain a longer time. METHODS: 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 18 rats in each group. Group A: sham operation group, abdominal aorta below renal artery and iliolumbar artery, right superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, saphenous artery were separated. Group B: the right superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, saphenous artery were cut off, and the right femoral artery was resected to establish acute hind limb ischemic model. Group C: abdominal aorta and bilateral abdominal perineal artery were ligated to establish acute hind limb ischemic model. Group D: abdominal aorta, iliolumbar artery and lumbar artery were ligated to establish acute hind limb ischemic model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Right hind limb muscle strengths of rats in groups B, C, D were weaker than that in group A at weeks 2, 4, 6 after operation; muscle strengths in group D was weaker than that in groups B, C at week 4 after operation; muscle strengths in groups B, D was stil weaker than that in group C at week 6 after operation. The partial venous oxygen pressure of right hind limbs in groups B, C, D was lower than that in group A at weeks 2, 4, 6 after operation; the partial venous oxygen pressure in group D was lower than that in groups B and C at weeks 2, 4 after operation; and group D was stil lower than group C at week 6 after operation. At weeks 2, 4 after operation, some muscle cels in the right hind limb muscle tissue were disrupted, fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia and capilary hyperplasia were detected, inflammatory cels infiltrated in the groups B, C, D. These pathological findings were more apparent in group D. Fiber connective tissue hyperplasia was attenuated, capilary hyperplasia, expansion and congestion were found in each group at week 6 postoperatively. The method of ligating abdominal aorta, iliolumbar artery and lumbar artery below renal artery for hind limb ischemia model can obtain moderate and stable ischemia conditions, maintain a long time, and is convenient to prepare.

To identify the original plant of Daturae Flos from its adulterants by DNA barcoding, the sequences of ITS2, psbA-trnH, matK, rbcL of four species including Datura metel, Darura innoxia, Darura stramonium and Brugmansia arborea were compared and analyzed. The PCR and sequencing success rate of the four regions (ITS2, psbA-trnH, matK, rbcL) was 100%, 90%, 100% and 85%, respectively. Sequences were assembled with CodonCode Aligner. K2P distances were calculated and NJ tree was performed by MEGA 4.1. Thirty SNPs were found among ITS2 sequences, and 33 insert/deletes were found among psbA-trnH intergenic regions. The interspecific K2P distance of ITS2 and psbA-trnH was obviously higher than that of the intraspecific one. As to matK and rbcL, there was no "Barcoding Gap" existing between inter- and intra-specific distances. The NJ trees of the four regions/combinations were built separately. Samples of Brugmansia arborea were clustered into one clade, and the other species of Datura L. formed another clade. The results showed that either ITS2 or psbA-trnH was useful to identify Daturae Flos from its adulterants.

BACKGROUND: Poly (lactic-co-glycolic-acid) (PLGA)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) composite microspheres may continuously release drug in phosphate buffer solution in vitro.OBJECTIVE: To prepare 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-loaded PLGA/nHA microspheres, and research the effect of nHA on drug loading,encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An in vitro materials observation was performed at Laboratory of College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology between February and July 2009.MATERIALS: PLGA was provided by Jinan Daigang Biomaterial Co., Ltd.; nHA by Key Lab for Special Functional Materials,Ministry of Education; 5-Fu by Shanghai Kaiyang Biomaterial Co., Ltd.METHODS: 5-Fu, a water-soluble anti-cancer drug, was used as model drug, and was firstly adsorbed by nHA and coated with biodegradable and blocompatible materials of PLGA so as to prepare PLGA/nHA-5-Fu composite microspheres by a single-emulsion solvent evaporation method (S/O/W). nHA and drug-loaded nHA were analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency as well as in vitro release of microspheres were studied with SEM, laser particle size analyzer, and UV-spectrophotometer.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Interaction between nHA and 5-Fu; drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release of Microspheres RESULTS: FTIR showed that nHA had a strong adsorption with 5-Fu. Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of PLGA/nHA-5-Fu composite microspheres were 3.83% and 86.78%, respectively, which were significantly greater than PLGA-5-Fu microspheres. After initial burst, composite microspheres released more slowly than PLGA microspheres alone. At day 27, the cumulative release rate of composite microspheres and PLGA microspheres alone were 84.87% and 99.87%,respectively.CONCLUSION: Because nHA has a strong adsorption with 5-Fu, PLGA/nHA-5-Fu composite microspheres compared to PLGA-5-Fu microspheres alone enhances drug loading and encapsulation efficiency, and has a better drug delivery effect.

Objective To study the immunosuppressive mechanism of alkaloid sinomenine (SIN) by observing the effects of SIN on the proliferation and intracellular protein expression levels of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in CD4+ T lymphocytes of human periphery blood. Methods CD4+ T lymphocytes were isolated from PBMC suspensions with immunomagnetic beads and divided into five groups to culture. (1) Negative control group: no medicine was added to cell culture medium; (2) Positive control group: CsA solution (final concentration: 50ng/ml) was added to cell culture media; (3) Low-concentration SIN group (L-SIN): low-concentration SIN solution (final concentration: 10 μmol/L) was added to cell culture media; (4) Middle-concentration SIN group (M-SIN): middle-concentration SIN solution (final concentration: 200 μmol/L) was added to cell culture media; (5) High-concentration SIN group (H-SIN): high-concentration SIN solution (final concentration: 1000 tmol/L) was added to cell culture media. The proliferations of CD4+ T lymphocytes were observed. Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expression levels of NF-AT. FCM was used to determine the levels of IFN-γ. Results Compared with negative control group, the cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in H- and M-SIN groups (P＜0. 01 ). SIN concentration-dependently inhibited the protein expression levels of NF-AT and IFN-γ in CD4+ T lymphocytes of human periphery blood (P＜0.01). The protein expression levels of NF-AT and IFN-γ were lowest in positive control group. There was a close negative correlation between intracellular levels of NF-AT and cell proliferation inhibition ratio in CD4+ T lymphocytes of human periphery blood (rs = - 0. 969, P = 0. 000). Conclusion SIN can inhibit the protein expression of NF-AT and IFN-γ in CD4+ T lymphocytes of human periphery blood probably by decreasing protein levels of NF-AT to inhibit the activity and proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes.