Objective To explore the prevalence and related risk factors of thyroid nodule in elderly patients(age ≥ 60 years old) with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)) in Xinjiang region.Methods Two hundreds and two elderly patients with T2DM were selected,including 91 cases of thyroid nodule(thyroid nodule group) and111 cases of non-thyroid nodule (control group).The disease history,body mass index(BMI),fasting blood-glucose (FBG),2-h postprandial blood glucose(2 h PBG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),triglyceride(TG),cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein(LDL-C) were collected for statistical analysis.Results The age,gender,BMI,TC and HbA1c had statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.05);the disease course,pulse pressure,systolic pressure,abdominal perimeter,smoking history,HDL,TG,FBG and 2 h PBG had no statistical differences netween the thyroid nodule group and non-thyroid nodule group (P>0.05).The multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that the age,gender,TC,HbA1c and BMI were the risk factors of thyroid nodule occurrence.Conclusion Conducting the thyroid nodule related imaging examination has an important clinical significance for diabetic elderly women patients with obesity and cholesterol increase.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. The key to its carcinogenicity is related to the inhibition of β-catenin degradation, and the subsequent cytoplasmic accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which activates the transcription of downstream target genes such as coding region instability determinant-binding protein (CRD-BP). In cancercells ,the expression of CRD-BP mediates the stabilization of β-Trcp, which in normal cells regulates the degradation of β-catenin. The activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, overexpression of β-catenin and CRDBP, and the upregulation of β-Trcp by CRD-BP play important roles in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of Pe in clinical samples of chronic periapical periodontitis.Methods:A total of 100 clinical samples of chronic periapical periodontitis were collected and Pe 16S rDNA was detected by using 16S rDNA gene-directed PCR.The detection rate of Pe were calculated.Results:The detection rate of Pe was 50% in the 100 clinical samples.Conclusion:The results indicate that Pe is closely associated with endodontic infections.

Objective To determine the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the hippocampus of rats with Alzheimer's disease(AD), and to determine the effect of butylphthalide on them and its significance. Methods Sixty male adult rats were randomly divided into a model group, a Butylphthalide group, and a control group. AD models were established by injecting β-amyloid protein 1-42 into the hippocampus of rats. Sixty days later,the rats were sacrificed and both sides of the hippocampus were sectioned for immunohistochemistry. Results Positive cells of GFAP in the hippocampus of the model group increased and the expression of VEGF decreased statistically, compared with the control group(P<0.01). The positive cells of GFAP in the hippocampus of the butylphthalide group decreased and the expression of VEGF increased significantly, compared with the model group(P<0.05). Conclusion Butylphthalide may protect the neuron-vascular unit of the hippocampus of Alzheimer model rats by inhibiting the expression of GFAP and increasing the expression of VEGF.

Objective To investigate the influence of ultrasonic cleaning time and disinfecting frequency on physical property of Ni-Ti root canal files in order to understand the safety and feasibility of ultrasonic cleaning and high temperature and high pressure disinfection for Ni-Ti root canal files.Methods The Ni-Ti root canal files used in this study were ProTaper,Mtwo and Hero642,5 files were selected from each kind.After the ultrasonic cleaning and high temperature high pressure disinfection the files underwent breaking test,the breaking time was recorded.Unclean and non-sterile Ni-Ti root canal files were set as control.Results After different time of ultrasonic cleaning,ProTaper and Mtwo showed no difference in breaking time,but the result was opposite in Hero642.After different times of disinfection,Mtwo showed no difference in breaking time,but significant difference was seen in the other two kinds.Conclusions Ultrasonic cleaning time has no significant influence on physical property of ProTaper and Mtwo Ni- Ti root canal files,but the influence was significant for Hero642.Disinfection frequency had no significant influence on physical property of ProTaper and Hero642 Ni-Ti root canal files,but the influence was significant for Mtwo Ni-Ti root canal files.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of aspirin on hypoxic brain neural cells of rat and the effects of extracellular calcium on the neuroprotective effect of aspirin. Methods The hypoxic cell model was established by adding Na_2S_2O_4 to the calcium or calcium free medium. Cultured primary cortical neurons of rat were pretreated with ASA in vitro. The change of intracellular free calcium and neuroglobin (NGB) were observed and analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscope. Results The expression level of [Ca~(2+)] i and NGB increased significantly in the chemical hypoxia group ( P < 0. 05 ). ASA can attenuate the increase of [ Ca~(2+) ] i and NGB in the hypoxic group and calcium-free hypoxia group(P <0. 05). Conclusion Aspirin can inhibit calcium overload and the hypoxia-induced expression of NGB, so protect rat brain cells against hypoxia.

A description of the intervention measures of the reform program for integrated care and payment in pilot areas,covering such diseases as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerbral stroke.The reform aims at exploring impacts on both medical behaviors and medical costs.Authors of the paper hold that the practice of packaged ceiling payment for a single disease is a two-edged sword for clinical pathway management,and joint efforts by the government,medical insurers,medical workers and patients at large are required to regulate medical behaviors over time.They also see the total growth of medical costs as an objective rule,and the correct way out for optimal use of medical insurance funds is to focus on makeup of such costs.

Objective To investigate the effect of imbedding chemotherapy of sustained release of 5-fluorouracil on the healing of colonic stoma in dog. Methods Twenty-eight adult hybrid dogs were randomly divided into chemotherapy group (n=22) and control group (n=6). The canine sigmoid colon were firstly detached and then anastomosed via median abdominal incision, 200 mg sustained release of 5-fluorouracil was imbedded in the mesentery 1.0-1.5 cm away from colonic stoma in chemotherapy group, whereas the control substance was injected into the dogs in control group. Tissue samples were collected from mesentery and stomas on 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after operation, respectively, in order to observe the healing of stoma. The drug concentrations in the stoma and in the tissues that were 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 cm away from the imbedding point were also measured by high performance liquid chromatography method at different phases. Results The tissues from colonic stoma only showed inflammatory reaction at early stage, with no necrosis and cellular degeneration. It was observed that the stoma healed basically on the tenth day after operation. The drug concentrations in the tissues gradually decreased at the range of 0-15 cm over time, but all of which were higher than the anti-tumor effective concentration (0.10 ?g/g). Conclusion The imbedding chemotherapy of sustained release of 5-fluorouracil in mesentery has little effect on the healing of stoma, and it could remain an effective anti-tumor concentration in a period of time.

Objective To evaluate the effects of postconditioning with enalapril on myocardial injury induced by hind limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Thirty-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each):group sham operation (group S),group I/R and group enalapril postconditioning (group EP).Limb ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral hind limbs for 3 h followed by 3 h reperfusion in groups I/R and EP.At 30 min before reperfusion,enalapril 0.04 mg/kg was injected via the internal jugular vein in group EP,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected in groups S and I/R.The rats were sacrificed at 3 h of repeffusion and myocardial specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of pathologic changes and for determination of cell apoptosis,Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in myocardial tissues.Apoptosis index was calculated.Results Compared with group S,apoptosis index and MDA content were significantly increased,Bax protein expression was up-regulated,Bcl-2 protein expression was down-regulated,and SOD activity was decreased in groups I/R and EP (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,apoptosis index and MDA content were significantly decreased,Bax protein expression was down-regulated,Bcl-2 protein expression was up-regulated,and SOD activity was increased in group EP (P ＜ 0.05).The pathologic changes were significantly attenuated in group EP as compared with group I/R.Conclusion Enalapril postconditioning can attenuate myocardial injury induced by hind limb I/R in rats,and the mechanism may be related to reduction of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and lipid peroxidation.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of aspirin on hypoxic brain neural cells of rat and the effects of extracellular calcium on the neuroprotective effect of aspirin. Methods The hypoxic cell model was established by adding Na2S2O4 to the calcium or calcium free medium. Cultured primary cortical neurons of rat were pretreated with ASA in vitro. The change of intracellular free calcium and neuroglobin (NGB) were observed and analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscope. Results The expression level of [Ca2+]i and NGB increased significantly in the chemical hypoxia group(P