The paper analyzes the structure and operation status of human resources structure in hospital libraries of Shanxi province from following aspects: educational background, titles, gender, age and other relevant aspects, then discusses how to improve the distri-bution and proposes strategy for enhancing the quality of personnel.

Coupled magnetic nanoparticles in the microcapsule structure, such as magnetic microcapsules, can be delivered in specific organism or tissues under magnetic field exposure. Thus, the microcapsules can achieve active targeting functions by manipulat-ing the magnetic field. Based on the magnetic microcapsules, the antitumor drugs can also be loaded to realize magnetic response, which gives microcapsules sustained and controlled release advantages. To date, the drug microcapsules carrying magnetic nanoparti-cles have become promising novel delivery carriers for the treatment of tumor diseases. This paper mainly reviews the method of prepa-ration of the magnetic nanoparticle-coupled microcapsules, including liposomes, polyelectrolyte microcapsules, and polymer micro-spheres. The basic research progress of these microcapsules as anticancer drug carriers for the tumor therapy was also reviewed.

Objective To study the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in China. Method School children aged 6～ 20 were surveyed with questionnaire in different areas in our country. Results This survey was carried out in 22 cities and rural areas, distributed in 11 provinces. There were 548 AD patients（ 347 males and 201 females） in a total population of 78 586. The total standardized prevalence (SP) was 0.69％ . The SPs of the males and the females were 0.84％ and 0.51％ , respectively, the difference being statistically significant(P

AIM: To evaluate the effect of microfiltrating the extract of Sophora japonica L. by inorganic ceramic membrane. METHODS: The extract of Sophora japonica L. was processed by inorganic ceramic membrane, and the whole solid, effective ingredinent and flux of mebrane were examined. RESULTS: The extract of Sophora japonica L. became clear after microfiltration. The decreasing rate of the whole solid was 27.88%, the metastasis rate of the effective ingredient was 78.26, and the increasing rate of the effective ingredient was 8.48%. CONCLUSION: The microfiltration of inorganic ceramic membrane can improve the qualitry of extract of Sophora japonica L. refinery effect.

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Prostate* ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate* ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction

Objective To evaluate the sunscreen application and the level of photoprotective knowledge in both dermatologists and photosensitive patients. Methods The style, sites and amount of the sunscreen applied were examined by 0. 05 % dipyridamole cream in 39 dermatologists and 41 photosensitive patients with Wood's light. The participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire about the photoprotective knowledge. Results Frequent mistakes made by participants in this study were as follow: (1) using an inadequate amount of sunscreen; (2) putting sunscreen in the palm of the hand and rubbing the hands together before application; (3) lacking a systematic approach to sunscreen application. The median quantity of individual sites ranged from 0. 5 mg/cm2 to 1 mg/cm2 except for the forehead of the female dermatologist that had a median thickness of 1. 5 mg/cm2. The questionnaire survey showed that dermatologists also had less knowledge on sun protection even though better than photosensitive patients. Conclusions Dermatologists and photosensitive patients always fail to apply sunscreen in some prominently exposed sites and to paint the average thickness of sunscreen used far less than that of experimentally measured dose (2 mg/cm2). Continuing education and training about pho-toprotection for dermatologists should be carried out to provide better education for the patients on sun protection.

Objective To investigate the role of infiltrating inflammatory cells in photoaging process by comparing the type and number of these cells in sun-exposed and-unexposed skin.Methods The expression of CD3,CD45RO and CD68 were detected by immunohistochemieal staining in 46 paraffin-embeded skin samples from the extensor forearms(sun-exposed)and upper-inner arms(sun-unexposed) of 23 healthy female volunteers.The number of positive cells in sun-exposed and -unexposed sites was counted and statistically tested by paired samples t test,and Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the number of positive cells and age of these volunteers.Results The number of cells positive for CD3,CD45RO and CD68 per square millimetre in sun-exposed skin was significantly higher than that in sun-unexposed skin(48.91±13.173 vs.40.61±11.571,46.83±12.915 vs.38.00±10.109,85.43±22.346 vs.73.48±16.208,respectively,P<0.01 or 0.05).The number of cells positive for CD3 and CD45RO increased significantly with age (r=0.557,0.555,respectively,both P<0.01) in the sun-exposed skin but not in sun-unexposed skin,and the number of CD68-positive cells was uncorrelated with age in either sunexposed or -unexposed skin.Conclusion T lymphocytes and macrophages may play a role in the process of photoaging.

AIM: To investigate the protective effects and the mechanisms of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1 ) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced lung injury after lung transplantation in rats. METHODS: 36 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 12 in each) : sham operation group ( control group) , lung transplantation (LT)group and PGE1 treatment group. PGE1 was administered to the rats through intra-venous way from 10 min before the operation to the end of the reperfusion. The wet/dry ratio of lung, lung permeability index and neutro-phil percentage were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALE). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malond-ialdehyde (MDA) of lung tissue were measured by color-imetry. Serum level of tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF?)was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The wet/dry ratio of lung, lungpermeability index and neutrophils percentage in BALF and MDA content of lung tissue in LT group were higher than those in control group( P

Objective To study the effects of different stimulators on the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs),and to evaluate the effects of the culture supernatant of activated PBMCs,named conditioned media (CM),on the proliferation of and production of MMPs by cultured human fibroblasts.Methods PBMCs were isolated from the venous blood samples of healthy volunteers and divided into three groups to be stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA group),the combination of antibodies against CD3 and CD28 (double-antibody group),or the RPMI 1640 medium containing 10％ fetal calf serum (control group).After 72-hour stimulation,CM was collected from all the three groups,diluted to several different degrees.Cultured human fibroblasts were classified into several groups to be treated with different dilutions of CM from the three groups for 48 or 24 hours,with the fibroblasts untreated with CM serving as the control group.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate cellular proliferative activity,semi-quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to detect the expressions of MMP-1,MMP-3 and MMP-9 mRNAs in cells,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the levels of interleukin (IL)-6,MMP-1,MMP-3 and MMP-9 proteins in the culture supernatant of cells.Statistical analysis was carried out mainly by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA),Tukey HSD test,and GamesHowell test.Results Compared with the control group,the PHA group showed increased cellular proliferative activity,IL-6 and MMP-3 protein levels in the culture supernatant of activated PBMCs (all P ＜ 0.05).Significant differences were observed among the PHA group,double-antibody group and control group in the relative mRNA expression level (expressed as the ratio of target mRNA to β-actin mRNA) of MMP-1 in activated PBMCs (0.083 ± 0.016 vs.0.188 ± 0.030 vs.0.714 ± 0.104,F =85.905,P ＜ 0.05),but neither MMP-3 nor MMP-9 mRNA was expressed by activated PBMCs.MMP-3 protein was detectable in the culture supernatant of fibroblasts after the treatment with CM,and the level of MMP-3 protein was highest in that of fibroblasts treated with undiluted CM,and lowest with 1/10 diluted CM;at the same dilutions,the level of MMP-3 protein was highest in the culture supernatant of fibroblasts treated with CM from the PHA group,but lowest with that from the control group.Neither MMP-1 nor MMP-9 protein was detected in the culture supernatant of activated PBMCs or treated fibroblasts.There were no significant differences in cellular proliferative activity of and mRNA expressions of MMP-1 or MMP-3 in fibroblasts among these groups (all P ＞ 0.05),and MMP-9 mRNA expression was undetected in the treated fibroblasts.Conclusions PBMCs can be induced to express MMP-1 mRNA and secret MMP-3 protein after activation.However,the culture supernatant of activated PBMCs has no capacity to stimulate the expressions of MMP-1,MMP-3 and MMP-9 mRNAs or proteins by fibroblasts,suggesting that inflammatory cells may function through self-production of MMPs.

Objective To observe the changes in proliferative activity of and autophagosome formation in human HaCaT keratinocytes and primary keratinocytes after different doses of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation,and to assess the potential relationship between proliferation impairment and autophagosome formation.Methods Both cultured HaCaT cells and primary keratinocytes from human foreskin were irradiated with different doses (5,10,20and 40 mJ/cm2) of UVB.Those receiving no irradiation served as the control.After additional 12-hour culture,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative activity of cells,monodansylcadaverin (MDC) staining to detect autophagosomes in cells.The number of autophagosome-positive or negative cells was counted using inverted fluorescence microscopy.Results UVB radiation induced a significant decrease in the proliferation of keratinocytes,especially in that of HaCaT cells.The proliferative activity expressed as the absorbance value at 490 nm was significantly lower in HaCaT cells (1.367 ± 0.035,1.173 ± 0.034 and 0.873 ±0.025 vs.1.519 ± 0.022,all P＜ 0.01) and primary keratinocytes (0.782 ± 0.012,0.773 ± 0.021 and 0.725 ± 0.031 vs.0.887 ± 0.035,all P ＜ 0.05) irradiated with UVB of 10,20 and 40 mJ/cm2 than in the unirradiated control cells.Significant differences were also observed in the proliferative activity among HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB of 10,20 and 40 mJ/cm2.The proportion of autophagosome-positive cells was increased after irradiation with UVB of 5,10 and 20 mJ/cm2,but decreased after irradiation with UVB of 40 mJ/cm2 in keratinocytes,especially in the primary keratinocytes.In detail,the proportion of autophagosome-positive cells was 22.69％ ± 2.15％,28.10％ ± 2.92％ and 22.92％ ± 2.61％ in HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB of 10,20 and 40 mJ/cm2 respectively,significantly higher than that in the unirradiated cells (10.18％ ± 1.50％,chi-square test for trends:x2 =27.48,P ＜ 0.01).No significant changes were observed in the proportion of autophagosome-positive cells in primary keratinocytes after irradiation with UVB of 5,10 and 20 mJ/cm2,but a marked decrease was found after irradiation with UVB of 40 mJ/cm2 compared with unirradiated keratinocytes (chi-square test for trends:x2 =6.86,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions UVB radiation (10-40 mJ/cm2) decelerates the proliferation of HaCaT cells and primary keratinocytes in a dosedependent manner,and primary keratinocytes seem to be more resistant to UVB damage than HaCaT cells.Low to moderate doses (5-20 mJ/cm2) of UVB promote autophagosome formation in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner,and exert no significant influence on that in primary keratinocytes; however,UVB of 40 mJ/cm2 suppresses autophagosome formation in keratinocytes,especially in primary keratinocytes.