Objective: To investigate the change and effect of sIL-2R and TNF-α in the immunopathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis(EAE). Methods: The EAE model was induced in guinea pigs. And the EAE animals were killed on the 8th, 15th and 22nd day after the MBP+CFA challenge. ConA-treated guinea pig spleen cells were cultured and supernatants were collected. The level of sIL-2R in supernatant was detected by ELISA, and the level of TNF-α in EAE was examined by biologic assay. Results: The EAE animals showed higher levels of sIL-2R and TNF-α than those of the normal control group. Conclusion: sIL-2R and TNF-α play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of EAE. This experiment offered thoretical evidence for further study of multiple sclerosis(MS) on pathogenesis and gave the clues for clinical use of immunospecific agents on MS.

Objective To investigate the expression of Interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma.Methods Forty cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma ( PCNSL) , 11 cases of secondary central nervous system lymphomas( SCNS) , 20 cases of brain metastase, 20 cases of central nervous system infection and 16 cases of other nervous system disease( ONSD) were collected during the period from July 2013 to December 2015 in Fudan University Hua Shan Hospital North.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.The overall level of each group was compared using Kruskal-Wallis test.Two independent samples were compared by U Mann-Whitney test.The diagnostic value of IL-6 and IL-10 levels for PCNSL was evaluated by ROC curve.Results In PCNSL group, BM group, SCNSL group, CNSI group and ONSD group, the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were not statistically significant ( H values were 4.165 and 5.368, respectively, P>0.05).IL-6 levels in CSF were significantly higher in CNSI[623.73 (1018.77-184.37) pg/ml] than those in other groups ( ZPCNSL =51.36, ZSCNSL =28.18, ZBM =51.50, ZCNSI =85.45, ZONSD =42.16, P<0.05 ) .The levels of IL-10 in CSF were significantly higher in CNSI and PCNSL than those in other groups ( ZPCNSL =74.50, ZSCNSL =34.68, ZBM =35.35, ZCNSI =72.95, ZONSD =15.66, P<0.05).The levels of IL-10 in CSF in PCNSL group[64.88(20.03-206.14)pg/ml]was significantly higher than in SCNSL group[6.28(2.78-18.87)pg/ml, Z=-3.753,P<0.05], BM group[7.30(3.72 -14.49) pg/ml, Z=-5.034,P<0.05] and ONSD group [3.14(2.931-4.20)pg/ml, Z=-5.786,P<0.05].The area under the ROC curve of IL-6 and IL-10 levels in CSF was 0.461 and 0.806 respectively for the diagnosis of PCNSL.When IL-10 was 19.62 pg/ml, the sensitivity was 77.5% ( 31/40 ) and the specificity was 70.1% ( 47/67 ) .The area under the ROC curve of CSF IL-6 and IL-10 levels was 0.861 and 0.718 respectively for the diagnosis of CNSI.When IL-6 was 155.12 pg/ml, the sensitivity was 80.0% (16/20) and the specificity was 90.8% (79/87).When IL-10 was 26.76 pg/ml, the sensitivity was 80.0% ( 16/20 ) and the specificity was 66.7% ( 58/87 ) . Conclusion The expression levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in CSF can be used as an indicator for the differential diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Objectives To observe influences of two functionally important polymorphisms (5'-UTR and 3 -UTR) in thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and their combinative effects with drinking on the susceptibility of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods A case-control study was designed, which included 140 CRC patients and 343 control subjects. Risk of CRC was estimated by unconditional Logistic model. Results The genotype distributions of the polymorphisms did not show significant differences between the cases and the controls. However, in those with -6 bp/-6 bp genotypes, the 2R carriers had a decreased risk (OR = 0. 60, 95%CI, 0. 23-1. 52) , but in +6 bp carriers, the 2R carriers had an elevated risk (OR=1. 87, 95%CI, 0. 94-3. 72). The likelihood test revealed the interaction existed between these two polymorphisms (P for interaction = 0. 05). Moreover, the combinative effect between the 3 -UTR polymorphism and alcohol drinking showed a significant association with the susceptibility of CRC (P for interaction =0. 01). In non-drinkers, the-6 bp allele carriers had a significant decreased risk (OR = 0. 57, 95%CI, 0. 32-0. 99) , but in ever and current drinkers, the +6 bp allele (6-bp insertion) carriers had an elevated risk (OR=1. 88, 95%CI, 0. 80-4. 41) , in which OR values ascended with the prolongation of drink-time. Conclusions The polymorphisms of thymidylate synthase at 5'-UTR and 3'-UTR may not be regarded as independent predictive factors for the susceptibility of CRC. However, interactions exist in these two polymorphisms and between the 3'-UTR polymorphism and drinking. Further studies with larger sample size and in different ethnic groups are needed.

Objective To explore the application effects of segmental design principles in the small incision approach rigid internal fixation for the treatment of maxillofacial fractures.Methods With a retrospective study,from September 2012 to April 2016,172 patients with maxillofacial fractures were selected as the research object in our hospital.All the patients were divided into the observation group of 100 patients and control group of patients according to the different treatment methods.Two groups were treated with mall incision approach rigid internal fixation.The observation group were given the preoperative design based on the segmental design principles.The other operation process were similar with the control group.Results All patients were completed the operation,the fracture were healed by Ⅰ stage.The postoperative 3months of total effective rates of the observation group and the control group were 98.0％ and 83.3％.The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The postoperative 3months of infection,nerve injury,salivary fistula,screw loosening and complication rate in the observation group was 3.0％,so that was 20.8％ in the control group,the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The postoperative 3months of occlusal relationship and normal rates of the observation group were 99.0％ and 98.0％,respectively.The control group was 93.1％and 90.3％,respectively.There were between the two groups statistically significance difference(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The segmental design principles in the small incision approach rigid internal fixation for the treatment of maxillofacial fractures can improve the therapeutic effect,reduce the incidence of postoperative complications,improve the occlusal relationship with normal mouth opening rate.It is an ideal method for the treatment of maxillofacial fracture.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common underlying disease that hazard to human health.It is closely associated with stroke,hypertension,coronary artery disease,and diabetes.AS on the premise of vascular intimnal injury,excessive smooth muscle cell proliferation,inflammatory cell infiltration,oxidative stress,apoptosis and other mschanisms participate together.In eucaryotic organisms,most proteins are degraded by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS).An increasing number of evidence indicates that UPS is associated with the occurrenee and development of AS and complications.This article reviews the relationship between.UPS and AS,as well as the effect of ubiquitin-proteasome inhibitor on AS.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of low-dose ketamine for prevention of shivering during cesarean section under subarachnoid space and epidural anesthesia.Methods Ninety pregnant women who scheduled cesarean delivery under subarachnoid space and epidural anesthesia were randomized divided into three groups:control group (30 patients) low-dose ketamine group (30 patients) and high-dose ketamine group (30 patients).0.9％ sodium chloride,0.25 mg/kg(3 ml),and 0.50 mg/kg (3 ml) ketamine were given in three groups before operation.The incidence of shivering and adverse effect were recorded respectively before anesthesia,after anesthesia 15 min and 30 min and after operation 1 h.Results The level of mean arterial pressure (MAP) in control group after anesthesia 15 main and 30 min and after operation 1 h[(62 ± 10),(58 ± 8),(61 ± 11) mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa)] were significantly lower than those in high-dose ketamine group [(78 ± 12),(82 ± 8),(76 ± 11)mm Hg] and low-dose ketamine group [(72 ± 10),(76 ± 6),(80 ± 7) mm Hg],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).There was no shivering need treat in low-dose ketamine group and high-dose ketamine group.The rate of hallucinations and nystagmus in low-dose ketamine group [0,6.7％ (2/30)] was significantly lower than that in high-dose ketamine group [20.0％ (6/30),50.0％ (15/30)],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The pretreatment with low-dose ketamine on shivering during cesarean section under subarachnoid space and epidural anesthesia has better preventive effectiveness,0.25 mg/kg of ketamine is more effective than 0.50mg/kg.

Objective To investigate the effect of imbedding chemotherapy of sustained release of 5-fluorouracil on the healing of colonic stoma in dog. Methods Twenty-eight adult hybrid dogs were randomly divided into chemotherapy group (n=22) and control group (n=6). The canine sigmoid colon were firstly detached and then anastomosed via median abdominal incision, 200 mg sustained release of 5-fluorouracil was imbedded in the mesentery 1.0-1.5 cm away from colonic stoma in chemotherapy group, whereas the control substance was injected into the dogs in control group. Tissue samples were collected from mesentery and stomas on 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after operation, respectively, in order to observe the healing of stoma. The drug concentrations in the stoma and in the tissues that were 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 cm away from the imbedding point were also measured by high performance liquid chromatography method at different phases. Results The tissues from colonic stoma only showed inflammatory reaction at early stage, with no necrosis and cellular degeneration. It was observed that the stoma healed basically on the tenth day after operation. The drug concentrations in the tissues gradually decreased at the range of 0-15 cm over time, but all of which were higher than the anti-tumor effective concentration (0.10 ?g/g). Conclusion The imbedding chemotherapy of sustained release of 5-fluorouracil in mesentery has little effect on the healing of stoma, and it could remain an effective anti-tumor concentration in a period of time.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of transcatheter atrial septal defect(ASD) closure with deficient rim.Methods:From January 2017 to November 2019, patients at the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Chengdu Women′s and Children′s Central Hospital were diagnosed as the secondary ASD and divided into 2 groups based on whether it has deficient rim[the deficient rim group (experimental group) and non deficient rims group (control group)]. The complications should be followed for 1-2 years.Results:A total of 66 patients, including 17 males (25.8%) and 49 females (74.2%), had the median age of 4 years and 2 months (2 years and 1 month-16 years), and the median body mass was 15.0 kg, ranging from 9.0 kg to 60.0 kg, with 23 cases (34.8%) in the experimental group and 43 cases (65.1%) in the control group.There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, body weight, size of ASD, fluoroscopic dose, electrocardiogram, and pulmonary artery pressure between the two groups (all P>0.05). The immediate success rate was 95.4%(63/66 cases). There were no statistically significant differences between the surgical success rate [91.3%(21/23 cases) vs.97.6%(42/43 cases)] and the incidence of residual shunt [30.4%(7/23 cases) vs.16.2%(7/43 cases)](all P>0.05). And there were no statistically significant differences of the incidence of residual shunt between groups at each follow-up point ( P>0.05). No arrhythmia occurred in the experimental group during follow-up, and 1 case of atrioventricular block in the control group persisted until the time of publication.A total of 4 cases of frequent atrial premature beats or non-paroxysmal atrial tachycardia returned to normal at the follow-up node 6 months after intervention. Conclusions:Under the selection of appropriate cases and skilled catheter technology, the transcatheter treatment of ASD in children with deficient rims is feasible.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) -related molecules in human malignant melanoma A375 cells.Methods:Cultured A375 cells were divided into 4 groups: control-1 and -2 groups treated with Dulbecco′s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) for 24 and 48 hours respectively, and ATRA-1 and ATRA-2 groups treated with DMEM containing 10 μmol/L ATRA for 24 and 48 hours respectively. After the treatment, real-time quantitative PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression of EMT-related genes E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and β-catenin in the above 4 groups, Western blot analysis to determine the relative expression of the above proteins, and direct immunofluorescence study to assess the fluorescence intensity of E-cadherin and vimentin in the ATRA-1, ATRA-2 and control-1 groups. Statistical analysis was carried out by using two-way analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference- t test. Results:Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the E-cadherin mRNA expression was significantly higher in the ATRA-1 group than in the control -1 group ( F = 13.148, P < 0.05) , and higher in the ATRA-2 group than in the control-2 group ( F = 31.529, P < 0.05) ; the mRNA expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and β-catenin was significantly lower in the ATRA-1 group than in the control-1 group ( P < 0.05) , and lower in the ATRA-2 group than in the control-2 group ( P < 0.05) ; the ATRA-2 group showed significantly increased mRNA expression of E-cadherin ( F = 13.148, P < 0.05) , but significantly decreased mRNA expression of the other 3 proteins compared with the ATRA-1 group (all P < 0.05) ; there was no significant difference in the mRNA expression of the above molecules between the control-1 and -2 groups (all P > 0.05) . Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression of E-cadherin significantly increased, but the protein expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and β-catenin significantly decreased in the ATRA-1 and ATRA-2 groups compared with the control-1 group (all P < 0.05) ; compared with the ATRA-1 group, the ATRA-2 group showed significantly increased protein expression of E-cadherin ( P < 0.05) , but significantly decreased protein expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and β-catenin (all P < 0.05) . Direct immunofluorescence study showed that the fluorescence intensity of E-cadherin was significantly higher in the ATRA-1 group and ATRA-2 group (6.23 ± 0.08, 10.37 ± 0.13, respectively) than in the control-1 group (2.37 ± 0.14, both P < 0.05) , while the fluorescence intensity of vimentin was significantly lower in the ATRA-1 group and ATRA-2 group (15.17 ± 0.18, 10.29 ± 0.03, respectively) than in the control-1 group (50.16 ± 0.26, both P < 0.05) , and the cells in the ATRA-1 group and ATRA-2 group transformed from spindle- to cobble-stone-like in shape. Conclusion:ATRA can up-regulate the expression of E-cadherin, down-regulate the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and β-catenin in A375 cells, and may inhibit the EMT of A375 cells.

Objective To compare the contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) manifestations of pNENs with the pathological changes and to explore the clinical value of CEUS in diagnosis of pNENs. Methods The CEUS of sixteen pathologically diagnosed pNENsfrom April,2012 to February,2014 were retrospectively observed.The CEUS of thirty pathologically diagnosed pancreatic carcinomas during the same period were taken as the control group.The enhancement extent and enhancement patterns of CEUS in pancreatic tumors were analyzed. The specimens of pNENs were stained with HE and CD34 immunochemistry.The grading of interstitial content and Ki-67 index were obtained on HE-stained slices and microvascular density(MVD) were obtained on CD34 immunochemistry stained slices.Spearman rank test analysis was employed to analyze the correlation.Results Among the 16 cases of pNENs,12 cases (75.0%) demonstrated hyper-or iso-enhancement,which included 6 cases (37.5%) showing homogeneous enhancement and 6 cases (37.5%) showing inhomogeneousen hancement,and the other 4 cases demonstrated hypo-enhancement. Among 30 cases of pancreatic carcinomas,25 cases (83.3%) demonstrated hypo-enhancement and 5 cases (16.7%) hyper- or iso-enhancement,and 21 cases (70.0%) demonstrated homogenous enhancement,and 9 cases(30.0%)inhomogeneous enhancement.Taking hyper-or iso-enhancement on CEUS as the diagnostic criteria,its diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and accuracy were 75.0%,83.3%,70.6%,86.2%,80.4%respectively.Negative and positive correlation of the enhancement extent of pNENs with the interstitial content(r =-0.880,P < 0.001) and MVD (r =0.658,P =0.003) were observed,respectively.Six tumors with inhomogeneous enhancement contained cystic degradation or necrosis under microscope. Conclusions CEUS is an effective and non-invasive diagnostic approach for pNENs and can reflect the pathological changes.Hyper-or iso-enhancement of CEUS is typical appearance of pNENs.