Objective To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of different assays for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis . Methods Chlamydia trachomatis was determined in samples of cervical secretions from 213 patients with nongonococcal urethritis or genitourinary tract infection by direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA ) ,gold-immunochromatographic assay (ICA ) and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) .Results Comparing the positive rates of Chlamydia trachoma-tis detected by adopting the DAF ,FQ-PCR and the ICA methods showed the statistical difference (P<0 .05) .The sensitivity and specificity of Chlamydia trachomatis detected by DFA ,ICA and FQ-PCR were 95 .1% ,60 .2% ,97 .3% and 93 .2% ,99 .2% , 99 .3% ,respectively .The sensitivity of the DFA and FQ-PCR methods was higher than that of the ICA method ,difference was sta-tistically significant(P<0 .05) ,The specificity of the ICA and FQ-PCR methods was higher than that of the DFA method ,differ-ence was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The FQ-PCR method has higher sensitivity and higher specificity for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and can provide the reliable basis for clinically diagnosing the infection of Chlamydia trachom-atis .The primary medical units is suitable to adopt the ICA method for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis .

Objective To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of different methods for the detection of mycoplasma pneu‐moniae .Methods The serum and throat swab specimens were collected from 199 pneumonia patients .ELISA and real‐time fluores‐cence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ‐PCR) assays were used to detect the serum mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibod‐y and DNA .Results Among 199 pneumonia patients ,61 cases were diagnosed as mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia according to the diagnosis standard .The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA and FQ‐PCR for detecting mycoplasma pneumoniae were 86 .9%and 96 .7% ,and 78 .3% and 97 .1% ,respectively .Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of FQ‐PCR for detecting mycoplasma pneumoniae are higher than those of ELISA .

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus(VRE) infections and their effective isolation measures.METHODS The data of 21 cases of VRE nosocomial infections were analyzed from Jul 2003 to Dec 2005 in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital;28 cases of antibiotic-sensitive Enterococcus infection were randomized as control.T test,chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used for statistics.Strict measures were taken to all of the VRE infected patients.RESULTS According to univariate analysis,the factors associated with the development of VRE nosocomial infection were age,in ICU,accepted invasive operation,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ),live in hospital more than 30 days,co-infection with other pathogens,and fluoroquinolone and vancomycin/norvancomycin use 15 days before isolation of VRE.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified two independent factors: accepted invasive operation and previous vancomycin/norvancomycin use.Spreading of VRE had not occurred.CONCLUSIONS Accepted invasive operation and previous vancomycin/norvancomycin use are independent risk factors for VRE infection.Effective measures can prevent the spread of VRE.

Objective:To estimate the precision and accuracy performance of blood gas analyzer(MB-3100) for three measuring indicators: pH, pCO2 and pO2.Methods: The evaluation of precision was achieved by testing quality controls of BIO-RAD, and the mean, SD and CV of the results were calculated according to protocol EP5 of Clinical and LaboratoryStandards Institute(CLSI). The evaluation of accuracy was achieved by comparing MB-3100 and Rapidlab 1265 according to the EP9-A2 of CLSI, and the consistency check of the two detection systems were analyzed by using paired t- test and equation of linear regression. All of these results were analyzed by using SPSS19.0.Results: The results of the research showed that the precision performances of analyzer MB-3100 in various detection level were acceptable. And there was no statistically significant difference for the accuracy performances between the two systems on pH, pCO2 and pO2, respectively (t=0.042,t=1.489,t=-1.6,P>0.05). Moreover, both of the system errors of the two systems at different medical decision level were less than the corresponding total error allowances (TEa), respectively.Conclusion: Both of the precision and accuracy performances of MB-3100 blood gas analyzer are acceptable, and it can provide reliable reports for clinical practice.

Objective: To analyze the application value of radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging in the localization and diagnosis for stable angina pectoris in clinical practice. Methods: A total of 70 patients who had been diagnosed with stable angina pectoris (SAP) were enrolled, and all patients underwent ATP-loaded ATP-99Tcm-MIBI (99Tcm-MIBI) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and coronary angiography (CAG) were used to compare the accuracy of MPI imaging in localization and diagnosis for SAP. Results:In the 70 cases of patients with two methods of examination: ①In MPI diagnosis, positive patients were 50 cases, and the positive predictive value of SAP, sensitivity, negative predictive value and specificity were, respectively, 92.0%, 90.2%, 75.0% and 78.9%. There were 45 patients were consistently diagnosed as SAP by the two methods and the total compliance rate was 90.0%. ②in 70 patients, 51 cases were diagnosed as SAP by CAG examination, the positive rate was 72.9%; ③in 50 MPI positive patients, 46 patients were consistent with the results of CAG diagnosis, and the positive rate was 92.0%. The difference between the two methods was statistically significant (x2= 5.72, P<0.05). Conclusion: 99Tcm-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging can be used as a gatekeeper in patients with stable angina pectoris, and has high application value in the location and diagnosis for stable angina pectoris. The diagnosis and treatment links of stable angina pectoris can save costs and provide a reliable evidencet for clinical practice.

Objective Carboxypeptidase E ( CPE) is one of the most important carboxypeptidases in-volved in the biosynthesis of numerous peptide hormones and neurotransmitters and plays an important role in en -docrine regulation .A splice variant of CPE ( CPE-ΔN) has been detected and the mechanism of CPE -ΔN action in tumorigenesis has been studied in many different cancers .The aim of this study is to examine CPE -ΔN ex-pression in human colorectal cancer ( CRC) and to evaluate its possible application as a potential prognostic mark-er.Methods In the present study ,we have analyzed isoform expression of CPE -ΔN by qRT-PCR and West-ern blot in 219 CRC patients .Results Our results showed that CPE -ΔN was overexpressed in colorectal tumor tissue and that high CPE -ΔN mRNA expression was closely correlated with tumor differentiation ,pT classifica-tion,pN classification,tumor recurrence and lymph node metastasis .High CPE-ΔN expression was also identi-fied as an independent prognostic factor using a multivariate analysis (P=0.011).Conclusion Based on these results,we can conclude that CPE -ΔN expression might be a potential prognostic marker for CRC patients .

Objective To detect the TNFSF13 expression and to evaluate its possible use as a potential prognostic marker in breast cancer .Methods We analyzed TNFSF13 expression by Western blot and qRT -PCR in 93 breast cancer patients .Results Our results showed that TNFSF 13 was overexpressed in breast cancer tis-sue.High TNFSF13 mRNA expression was closely correlated with tumor differentiation , pN classification ( P=0.003,0.022).In addition,patients with high TNFSF13 expression had a significantly shorter survival analyzed by Kaplan-Meier(P=0.04,log-rank test).Cox proportional hazards regression multivariable analysis revealed that high expression of TNFSF13 was identified as an independent prognostic factor (P=0.03).Conclusion TNFSF13 expression might be a novel target for prognosis and intensive therapy in breast cancer patients .

OBJECTIVETo modify biomacromolecules, such as chitosan and collagen, to synthesize a mineralized template that will induce self-growing remineralization of tooth enamel.

METHODSNatural polycation polysaccharide chitosan was modified through phosphorylation to synthesize the polyanion derivative ofphosphorylated chitosan. Parent hydrogels com- bined with chitosan and collagen I were built through peptide binding reaction using genipin as a crosslinker. The gels self- assembled on the tooth's inert surface, which was stimulated by ultraviolet radiation. The bionic saliva provided mineralized ion, and then the hydroxyapatite assembled and grew in situ on the tooth.

RESULTSThe functional group P04(3-) (3,446 cm(-1)) was grafted on chitosan as confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The porous polyelectrolyte complex hydrogel formed by the interaction between the polycation chitosan and the polyanion phosphorylated chitosan could induce hydroxyapatite crystal nucleation and growth on the hydrogel fiber surfaces. The neonatal crystal was hydroxyapatite as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and was tightly connected to the tooth. A continuous structure of column crystals with sizes ranging from 30 nm to 60 nm was observed. The structure was in parallel direction similar to the direction of the enamel rod, and its hardness was close to dentin.

CONCLUSIONThe parent hydrogels that were easily obtained and controlled could mimic the template of the enamel mineralization and induce a self-growing hydroxyapatite, which is an important step in the structural bionics of enamel.

Biocompatible Materials ; Chitosan ; Collagen ; Dental Enamel ; Durapatite ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Polymers ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Tooth ; Tooth Remineralization ; Ultraviolet Rays ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective To evaluate the biochemical function of rat nature three-dimensional acellular pancreatic bioscaffold (3D-APB) in promoting cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro.Methods The fresh pancreas from 10 rats were perfused to prepare 3D-APB.The biocompatibility of 3D-APB was eva luated.The experiment was divided into 4 groups based on 4 kinds of three-dimensional media for AR42J culture,including blank control group,ECM group,PLGA group and 3D-APB group.We compared the proliferation and differentiation of AR42J pancreatic acinar cell at 3 days,5 days,7 days and 10 days after seeding among 4 groups.Results The 3D-APB could represent a biocompatible scaffold capable of integrating within host tissue.The proliferation rate of AR42J cells by MTT in 3D-APB was higher,while the apoptosis rate by flow cytometry was lower than those in other 3 media,which were all significantly different (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.The protein expression of PDX-1 and PTF-1 by western blot in 3D-APB group was greatly higher than those in other 3 groups (both P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression of PDX-1 and PTF-1 through qRT-PCR was significantly higher than those in other 3 groups (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with the commonly used chemical and natural scaffold at present,3D-APB could promote cell proliferation and differentiation,which was more appropriate for regenerative medicine.

Objective To explore the effect of applying problem-based learning(PBL)in clin-ical anesthesiology demonstration for clinical undergraduates. Methods Eighty-nine 2009 clinical undergraduates were divided into two groups:experimental group and control group. Students in ex-perimental group received PBL while those in control group received traditional teaching. The effect was evaluated according to the results of case examination and investigation table. The results were analyzed by X2 test. Results Most students (42/45) answered questions correctly in experimental group while only 30 of 44 students(30/44)did in control group(P<0.05). Concerning the results of investigation,PBL had more advantages than traditional teaching method in the following 5 aspects:self-studying ability(86.7%,39/45),clinical thinking ability(73.3%,33/45),information seeking ability (75.6%,34/45),expressing ability (82.2%,37/45),communicating between students (75.6%, 34/45)(P<0.05). Conclusions PBL has evident advantages in anesthesiology clinical demonstration. It can inspire students,cultivate abilities,enhance critical thinking and finally improve teaching effect.