Objective To know the lavatory improvement in the rural areas in Shandong Province in 2005 and to present the data for the decision of the lavatory improvement in countryside in the future. Methods In 2005, 164 villages in 45 counties were chosen and questionaire was used to conduct the investigation. Results 15 338 different type lavatories were constructed, of which the indoor toilets occupied 71.70%, the outdoor toilets occupied 28.30%. About 11.19 million yuan RMB was spent on the program, the average cost of each lavatory was 729.60 yuan RMB. Conclusion The program of lavatory improvement in the rural areas has been finished in Shandong Province in 2005, the data are satisfactory.

Objective To understand whether Imarcaptoacetate dioctyltin(IMA) is a environmental endocrine disruptor or not. Methods The new born Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups including positive control group, negative control group and four experimental groups. The rats in the experimental groups were given IMA at different concentrations (0.100 0, 0.010 0, 0.001 0, 0.000 1 ?g/10 g) 1/1 000 000 by hypodermic injection, the rats in the negative control group were treated with corn oil and those in the positive control group were treated with dibutyltin dilaurate(DBTD) at concentration of 0.001 ?g/10 g bw. The rats were injected one time each day for five consecutive days. After one and half months, the levels of T, LH and FSH in the blood, the weight of the testicles, ovaries and the sexual organ exponent were determined. The pathological examination on some samples was conducted. Results In both of female and male, the levels of T in IMA treated rats were significantly increased and showed an doge-effect relationship (P0.05). The exponents of the testicles were different among groups (P

Objective To understand the situation of rebuilding sanitary latrine in the rural areas in Qingdao and to evaluate the effect of sanitary latrine improvement, explore the new measure of sanitary latrine improvement in the rural areas. Methods In 2005, the typical method of investigation was used to choose 365 farmers from 8 rebuilding sanitary latrine villages among three counties in Qingdao, and to conduct on-site survey and health questionnaires on the construction of household latrines and excreta treatment, sanitation and related knowledge. Hygienic evaluation was made in accordance with hygienic standard for rural household latrine. Results 100% of the houses had the household latrines, 80.0% were the sanitary latrines, dejecta treatment rate was 78.36%. Conclusion All evaluation indexes reach the high level, the effect of household latrine improvement in the investigated rural areas is satisfactory.

Objective To investigate the possibility of the domestic reticulated vitreous carbon as a kind of scaffold material for bone tissue engineering,the biocompatibility of domestic reticulated vitreous carbon was first successfully tested with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro and for bone tissue repair in vivo.Methods From June,2013 to August,2014,the morphology and proliferation of BMSCs co-cultured with scaffold material in vitro was measured.Differences of measurement were compared with single factor analysis of variance to detect the cytotoxicity of reticulated vitreous carbon.In vivo reticulated vitreous carbon were implanted into the bone defect site and the groin.After 12 weeks,the biocompatibility of reticulated vitreous carbon was observed.Results MTT results showed that after 7d co-culture,the survival and proliferation of BMSCs had not been significantly inhibited (P ＞ 0.05).Inverted fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope found that newly developed three-dimensional domestic reticulated vitreous carbon could promote adhesion,aggregation and proliferation of BMSCs in vitro.Studies in vivo demonstrate that implanted reticulated vitreous carbon with a high porosity and host bone may produce a stable connection and integration.Conclusion Non-cytotoxic domestic reticulated vitreous carbon can promote the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and has good bone induction properties in vivo.

Objective To explore the value of pelvic CT angiography(CTA)digital three-dimensional reconstruction model(abbreviated as"three-dimensional model")in the diagnosis of female pelvic mass.Methods A total of 98 patients with pelvic mass who were hospitalized and operated in Xi'an People's Hos-pital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital)from January 2021 to April 2023 were selected.All patients underwent B-ultra-sound and CTA examination before operation,and the original data of CTA were collected.The digital three-dimensional model of pelvic mass was established by three-dimensional reconstruction software,and the source of pelvic mass was judged according to the blood supply of pelvic mass.Taking postoperative pathological di-agnosis as the gold standard,the coincidence rate between different preoperative diagnosis methods(B-ultra-sound,CTA examination and three-dimensional model)was compared.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to evaluate the efficacy of different preoperative diagnostic methods in judging the ovarian origin of pelvic tumors.Results A total of 130 pelvic masses were included in 98 patients,and the average maximum diameter of the mass was(71.61±3.03)mm,including 83 ovarian masses and 47 non-ovarian masses.Taking postoperative pathological diagnosis as the gold standard,the diagnostic coincidence rate of the preoperative three-dimensional model was 72.31％,which was higher than that of B-ultrasound(58.46％)and CTA(52.31％),and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,accuracy,Kappa value,and area under the ROC curve were 79.51％,91.49％,94.29％,71.67％,83.85％,0.67 and 0.855,respectively,when the three-dimensional model showed that the blood supply of the mass originated from ovarian artery or uterine artery-ovarian branch.Conclusion The three-dimensional model of pelvic CTA can directly display the blood supply source,characteristics of mass,and the relationship between mass and adjacent organs,which can guide the clinical treatment.It has certain clinical value to judge the ovarian origin of pelvic mass by using ovarian artery and uterine artery-ovarian branch.