Objectives To explore the pathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of medulloblastoma (MB) in children. Methods Pathological characteristics, treatment outcomes and other clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in 60 children with MB. Results The MB in all 60 children were high-grade tumor. The pathological type was mainly classic (45 cases, 75.00%) and other subtypes were seen in 15 cases (25.00%). Forty-eight (80.00%) children had total resection by micro-surgery, 9 children (15.00%) subtotal resection, and 3 children (5.00%) partial resection. Twenty-seven children were treated by radiotherapy after surgery, 6 children were treated by chemotherapy after surgery, and 5 children were treated with radiotherapy combined chemotherapy after surgery. Thirty-eight cases were followed up. The 2-year survival and disease-free survival rates were 63.16%and 55.26%. The 5-year survival and disease-free survival rates were 26.32%and 18.42%. The children with des-moplastic/nodular type survived significantly longer than the children with large cell anaplastic. The children with total resection survived significantly longer than the children with partial resection. The children with radiotherapy or chemotherapy survived significantly longer than the children without chemotherapy (P<0.05). Conclusions MB in most of children is high-grade tu-mors and the prognosis is poor. The pathological type is related with prognosis. Microsurgical total resection is the first choice of treatment. Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy can increase the survival rate.

Purpose To investigate the expression of c-myc and MDM2 protein in multiple myeloma (MM) and their correlation with clinical stage.Methods Immunohistochemical SP three-step method was used to detect the expression of MDM2 and c-myc protein in 60 cases of MM with different clinical stages and 10 cases of nontumorous bone marrow tissue.Results The positive rate of c-myc protein in MM and nontumorous bone marrow tissue were 71.7％ and 10.0％;the positive rate of MDM2 protein in two tissues were 80.0％ and 20.0％,respectively.The expression difference of two proteins between MM and nontumorous bone marrow tissue was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of c-myc and MDM2 protein was positively correlated with MM clinical ISS stage (P ＜ 0.05),but irrelevant with the age and gender.The expression of c-myc and MDM2 protein in MM was positively correlated (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The c-myc and MDM2 protein have a highly expression in MM,and it may be relative to the occurrence of MM and clinical stage.In the MM,c-myc and MDM2 protein may have synergetic functions and promote the development of tumor.

Objective To evaluate the effects of pelvic autonomic nerve preservation (PANP) during the radical resection of rectal carcinoma on the sexual and urinary function of male patients.Methods The sexual and urinary dysfunction rates from 45 male patients who undergone PANP and 45 control patients who did not undergo PANP during radical resection of rectal carcinoma were analyzed.Results In the PANP group,the incidences of erectile dysfunction,ejaculatory dysfunction and urinary dysfunction were 26.67％,24.44％ and 28.89％,respectively.But in control group,the above three rates were 57.78％,60.00％ and 62.22％ in order.The rates of these three dysfunctions significantly were different between the two groups ( x2 =8.92,11.66,10.08,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion PANP during radical resection of rectal carcinoma could reduce the post-operative sexual dysfunction and urinary dysfunction.

Objective To explore the influence on the expression of elF4E and heparanase by antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ASODN) transfection in human bladder carcinoma BIU-87 cells.Methods After transfecting the 2.5,5.O,7.5 μg/ml eIF4E ASODN into BIU-87 cells,at 24 h,48 h and 72 h,a cell control group (no transfection),a blank control group (empty liposomes) and a non-sense control group (transfected with non-sense ASODN) were established.The expression of eIF4E,HPA and mRNA were detected by in situ hybridration.The expression of eIF4 and HPA protein were detected by immunocytochemistry.SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis.Results The expression quantity of eIF4E protein and mRNA were lower in the experimental groups ( protein:2.5 μg/ml ASODN treated 24 h,48 h,72 h were:3.55 ±0.52,3.52 ±0.51,3.22.±0.44 respectively; 5.0 μg/ml group:3.43 ±0.47,3.41 ± 0.46,3.19 ± 0.41 respectively ; 7.5 μg/ml group:2.36 ± 039,2.33 ± 0.37,2.05 ± 0.30 respectively.mRNA:2.5 μg/ml treated 24 h,48 h,72 h were:3.19 ±0.41,3.13 ±0.39,2.90 ±0.38 respectively ; 5.0 μg/ml group:3.07 ± 0.39,2.94 ± 038,2.27 ± 0.37 respectively ; 7.5 μg/ml group:2.22 ± 037,2.06 ± 0.30,1.95 ± 0.29 respectively.All data were less than those in the control groups (P ＜0.05).The expression quantity of HPA protein and mRNA were lower in experimental groups (protein:2.5 μg/ml ASODN treated 24 h,48 h,72 h were:4.44 ±0.55,4.40 ±0.54,3.99 ±0.52 respectively; 5.0 μg/ml group:4.41 ±0.55,4.21 ±0.53,3.77 ±0.50 respectively; 7.5 μg/ml group:4.02 ±0.52,3.98 ±0.52,2.32 ±0.37 respectively.mRNA:2.5 μg/ml treated 24 h,48 h,72 h were:4.12 ±0.51,3.75 ± 0.50,3.63 ± 0.45 respectively ; 5.0 μg/ml group:4.00 ± 0.51,3.71 ± 0.50,3.54 ± 0.44respectively ; 7.5 μg/ml group:3.87 ± 0.52,3.61 ± 0.49,2.08 ± 0.30 respectively).All data were less than in control groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).There was a positive correlation on expression of HPA protein and eIF4E protein by inhibitory effect of eIF-4E ASODN (protein r=9.23,mRNA r=9.59,P ＜0.01).Conclusion eIF-4E ASODN might be used to inhibit the expression of eIF-4E gene and HPA gene in bladder cancer BIU-87 cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of Smo siRNA on the aggressive capability of human esophageal carcinoma EC9706 cells.Methods EC9706 cells were transfected by Smo siRNA.The expressions of Smo and Glil protein in experimental and control groups were detected with immunocytochemistry.The expressions of Smo and Gli1 mRNA in experimental and control groups were detected with in situ hybridization.The change of aggressive capability in all groups was detected by Boyden chamber in vitro.Results Compared with control group,there was a significant decrease in the protein and mRNA levels of Smo and Gli1 in every specific siRNA transfection group with three different concentration (P ＜ 0.05).The aggressive capability of EC9706 cells was significantly weakened after the transfection (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Smo siRNA can inhibit the expressions of Smo and Gli1 genes in EC9706 cells,and can also weaken the aggressive capability of EC9706 cells.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between spiral CT ( SCT ) features and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 , nm23 in esophageal carcinoma.Methods Spiral CT scans were preformed in 44 patients with esophageal carcinoma before operation, and the results were compared with that of operation and pathology. Immunohistochemical streptavidin peroxidase conjugate method was used to analyze the expression of Cox-2 and nm23 in esophageal carcinoma. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 12.0 software. Results (1) The accuracy of spiral CT scan in judging adjacent- infiltration and lymph node metastasis in 44 patients was 88.6%(39 of 44) and 90.9% (40 of 44) respectively,there was significant coincidence with operation and pathology(P

The expressions of survivin and bcl-2 protiens were examined in 8 specimens from normal pituitary tissues and 38 pituitary adenomas by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the expression of survivin was strongly associated with bcl-2 expression and abnormal expression of survivin resulted in inhibition of cell apoptosis, which might play a role in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas.

Objective To study the effect of NEDD9 silence by using siNEDD9-2 on the apoptosis,proliferation and migration or invasion of gastric cancer cell lines BGC823.Methods Three pairs of NEDD9 siRNA primer were designed and synthesized,and then transfected into BGC823 cells respectively,it was found that siNEDD9-2 was the most powerful siRNA interference.The effect of siNEDD9-2 on BGC823 cell's proliferation,apoptosis,migration and invasion was observed.Results The relative quantity expression of mRNA and protein of BGC823 cells transfected with siNEDD9-2 significantly decreased and IR increased in both time and concentration dependent manner compared with control groups.Cell apoptosis and apoptosis index significantly increased compared with control groups.Cell migration and invasion assay showed that siNEDD9-2 inhibits BGC823 cells migration and invasion in vitro.Conclusions NEDD9 siRNA down-regulates expression of NEDD9,induces apoptosis,suppresses proliferation,migration or invasion of BGC823 cells.

Objective To detect the expression of tumor‐associated macrophages(TAM) in esophageal squamous cell carci‐noma ,and to study the clinical pathological characteristics of T AM in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma .Methods Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who accepted operation were chosen as study subjects ,and tissue samples of esophagus were collected ,including 90 squamous cell carcinoma tissues ,20 paracancerous atypical hyperplasia and 20 normal mucosa tissues , and the expression of CD206 ,MCP‐1 were detected by immunohistochemisty .Results The positive expression of CD206 was sig‐nificantly increased in tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P<0 .01) ,and it was positively correlated with clinical stage , invasion depth and lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P<0 .05) .The expression of MCP‐1 was signifi‐cantly increased in esophageal squamous carcinoma tissues (P<0 .05) ,and its positive expression was closely correlated with depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P< 0 .05) .There was a positive relation between ATM infiltration quantity and the expression of MCP‐1(r=0 .617 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion The positive expression of TAM was up‐regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues ,and its number was positively correlated with clinical stage ,invasion depth and lymph node metastasis .

Objective To observe the effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor-Fc fusion protein (rhTNFR-Fc, etanercept) on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in bleomycin induced interstitial lung disease of rats. Methods Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups (control group, model group and rhTNFR-Fc treatment group, 15 rats in each), on the 7th, 14th and 28th days, five rats of each group were killed. The lungs were incised to make pathological sections which were stained with HE and Masson, and the expression of TGF-β1 was detected by immunohistochemical technique. Results There was no collagen deposition, alveolitis and fibrosis changes in the control group. The alveolitis and fibrosis of the treatment group was less severe than that in the model group (P<0.01). The expression of TGF-β1 in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). In the 7th and 14th days, the expression of TGF-β1 in the treatment group was signific-antly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). Although that in the 28th day was a slightly higher but no statistical significance (P>0.05) could be detected. In the treatment group, the expression of TGF-β1 was lower in the 7th day (P>0.05) and was significantly lower in the 14th and 28th days than that in the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor-Fc fusion protein can alleviate the severity of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis induced by Bleomycin-A5 in rats, which may be due to the inhibition of TGF-β1 overexpression.