Objective To study the clinical characteristics,pathogens,drug sensitivity and prevention measures in malignant hematological disease combined with septicemia.Methods The clinical data of 95 malignant hematological disease combined with septicemia patients from January 2009 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results One hundred and ten episodes of septicemia occurred in all the 95 patients,among which acute leukemia patients accounted for 69.1％ (76/110),patients with neutrophil counts ＜0.5 × 109/L accounted for 82.7％ (91/110),and patients with agranulocytosis time ＞7 days accounted for 66.4％(73/110).Major pathogenic bacteria was gram negative bacteria,including Escherichia coli 30.9％(34/110),Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.5％,16/110),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.7％,14/110).Carbapenems and amikacin was the most sensitive in susceptibility testing.Ninety-eight episodes of septicemia cured or improved,and 12 patients died,with a mortality of 12.6％ (12/95).Fifteen patients had septic shock,of whom 7 patients were dead.Conclusions Septicemia is very serious for malignant hematological patients,which may lead to rapidly progress,high incidence to septic shock and high mortality.Early prevention and treatment is important for patients,and strong anti-infection and supportive treatment is needed.