The serum concentration of curcumin is low. The poor bioavailability of curcumin is due to its rapid metabolism. The biotransformation of curcumin through reduction and glucuronidation in vivo was suggested. Further study to elucidate the absorption mechanism of curcumin and the relationship between metabolites and bioactivity are needed.

Object To study the organosulfur compounds of Allium sativum L. Methods Compounds were separated by silica gel column and TLC, HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Results One disulfied, 3-allyldisulfanyl-propenal (Ⅰ) and one dithiin, 3-vinyl-3, 4-dihydro- dithiin-1-oxide (Ⅱ) and one thiosulfinate, (E/Z) 1-propenyl allyl thiosulfinate (Ⅲ) were identified. Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ and Ⅱ are new.

Hallermann's Syndrome ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Husked and milled rice samples were prepared with laboratory rice mill from 23 representative varieties of paddy collected from the main rice production areas of China. All the samples were analyzed for the contents of protein, fat, crude fiber, ash, calcium, phosphorous, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin. The nutrient content of husked rice varies with variety and locality of growth. The range of protein content of the husked rice samples ranged from 6.7% to 9.6%.Rice samples had been analyzed at successive stages of milling for studying the effect on the nutrient content of milled rice. Results of this investigation showed that nutrient content declines progressively during the process of milling. While the protein content decreased insignificantly, the other nutrients, especially thiamine, ash, phosphorous, crude fiber and fat, were lost to a greater extent. In order to keep the thiamine content of polished rice not less than 0.15 mg %, the authors advocated that the overall weight removed during milling should not exceed 9-10% of the weight of husked rice.

Child, Preschool ; Coffin-Lowry Syndrome ; diagnosis ; psychology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male

Cerebral Palsy ; mortality ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Child ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate ; Time Factors ; Walking

A series of 17 human specimens including different ages of embryos,fetuses and adults were selected for the study of developmental changes ofthe digestive epithelium ranging from the esophagus to the large intestine.Each embryo was sectioned in series and stained with H.E.,while the partsof the digestive tract of the fetus and adult were obtained segmentally andstained with H.E.,I.H.,as well as Mallory's triple staining method.Com-plete sets of sheep and pig embryo were also utilized in comparison with theearly stage of human embryo.It was found that the development of the mucous folds,villi and glands,the morphological changes of the epithelium and the differentiation of thecytoarchitecture of the epithelial cells consecutively started from the fetalmonth.Consequently,the morphological constitution of the epithelial cells ofthe digestive tract of the adult was found to be specifically differentiatedfrom that of the embryonic condition.A great variation of the differentiation of the esophageal epithelium wasobserved during the fetal period.Patches of the different kinds of epithe-lium were intermingled in the same section of the prepared slides.The oc-curence of the various kinds of epithelium is considered as an instability ofthe life span,and the typical form of the stratified squamous epitheliumwould not make its appearance until the full-term stage.No complete occlusion was observed in the esophagus and small intestineduring the embryonic period as remarked by some authors.This may be as-cribed to the individual deviation of the specimens during embryonic develop-ment.A comparative study of the digestive tracts of animals of different feedinghabits,such as monkey,rabbit,bat,weasel and domestic cat,were also madein the course of the present study in order to elucidate their histologicaldifferences.Segments of different parts of the digestive tract obtained fromeach animal were fixed and sectioned by routine procedure.Sections of eachsegment of the specimens were specifically stained with H.E.,I.H.,Mallory'striple staining method,Masson's method for argentaftin cells,and phosphc-tungstic acid and hematoxylin method for Paneth's cells.In general the morphological constitutions of the epithelium of the di-gestive tract of the corresponding parts were found to be fundamentallysimilar in the following aspects:the presence of the stratified squamousepithelium of the esophagus,the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach and intestine,the villi of the intestine,the intestinal glands and the gobletcells of the small and large intestines,and the striated border of the smallintestine,etc.The following differences were noted among the specimens studied;theparietal cells were comparatively few in number in the fundus of the monkey'sstomach and the goblet cells were absent in the rabbit's large intestine.Paneth's cells were quite common in the fundus of the intestinal glandsof man,cat and bat;but they were not found in the monkey,rabbit andweasel.The argentaffin cells were often found in scattered manner in theepithelium of the intestinal gland of the small and large intestines in man,bat and weasel,and they were also found in the bottom of the gastric glandin the monkey,but were absent in the entire digestive tract of the rabbit.

Objective: To investigate the expression and distribution of NOS2 and NOS3 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),and to evaluate the relationship between their expression and tumor angiogenesis and lymph node metastasis. Methods: the expression of NOS2, NOS3 and IMVD in 95 patients with NSCLC were examined using immunohistochemical methods (S-P), and the relationship between them and many clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results: The positive expression of NOS3 was associated with histological subtype, IMVD and lymph node metastases of NSCLC(P

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypoglycemia ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Neuropeptides ; metabolism ; Orexins ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Aluminum Compounds ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Chlorides ; pharmacology ; Decalcification Technique ; methods ; Formates ; chemistry ; Humans