Objective: To establish the wound healing activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of roots ofFicus racemosa (F. racemosa). Methods: Two models were performed to evaluate the wound healing activity i.e. incision and excision models. In incision model the parameter which was carried out was breaking strength of wounded skin. In excision model percentage wound contraction and period of epithelialization were established for both the extracts. Reference standard drug was povidone iodine ointment for comparison with other groups. Results: From the observation in both two models, aqueous extract of F. racemosa was found to have greater wound healing activity in terms of breaking strength in incision model and percentage wound contraction, period of epithelialization in excision model than that of other groups. Conclusions:In conclusion, our findings suggest that aqueous extract of F. racemosa possesses better wound healing ability than the ethanolic extract.

In an infant presenting with a mass in the abdomen and non-bilious vomiting, duplication cyst needs to be considered in the list of differential diagnoses. Gastric duplication cyst is an uncommon occurrence in children. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings and imaging features. Surgical excision is safe and offers a complete cure. The literature recommends excision even in asymptomatic cases due to isolated reports of malignancy arising in the duplication cyst in later life.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and compare its obstetric and perinatal outcomes with those of non-teenage pregnancy. Method: This retrospective hospital-based case-control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar Seremban. The study made use of the Malaysian National Obstetric Registry (NOR) records of teenage pregnant women aged 11–19 at Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar Seremban over a 12-month period between May 2015 and May 2016 (n=164). Socio-demographic profiles, obstetric outcomes, and perinatal outcomes were detailed for each pregnant woman. The results were compared to a control group of 169 pregnant women aged 20–30 who also delivered in hospital Tuanku Ja’afar Seremban during the same period. The aim of this study was to assess the obstetric outcomes of teenage pregnancy and to compare them with those of the control group. A chi-squared test was used to identify the statistical significance of the relationship between teenage pregnancy rates and obstetric outcomes. Results with p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 2.8%. The mean age of the teenage group was 17.9; that of the control group was 26.4. Teenage mothers had a significantly higher risk of anemia (p<0.05), episiotomy (p<0.001), preterm labor (p<0.001), and delivering low-birthweight babies (p<0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in mode of delivery, antenatal complications, birth outcomes, APGAR scores at 5th minute, or neonatal complications. Conclusion: The prevalence of teenage pregnancy in this study is relatively low but is associated with an increased risk of some perinatal complications. The primary care physician’s role is pivotal in educating adolescents on sexual health, providing continual care in hospitals, and empowering teenagers in their reproductive health decisions.

Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccination for protection against tuberculosis has been in use for long. Although the vaccine is safe, its administration can result in complications such as BCG adenitis. We report here a series of children with BCG adenitis with a view to recognise and manage this condition. It is hoped that this case series would encourage the increased identification of this condition.

Radiofrequency ablation is one of the more established forms of local treatment in patients with unresectable tumours, including colorectal hepatic metastases. Complications associated with this method of intervention include thermal and mechanical injuries, including vascular insults resulting in haemorrhage or pseudoaneurysm formation. This is the first case demonstrating the detection of post-ablation acute pseudoaneurysm formation identified on the table using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and the subsequent successful management.

Worldwide breast cancer remains as the most common malignancy in women and the numbers who form a subgroup with dense breast parenchyma are substantial. In addition to mammography, the adjuncts used for further evaluation of dense breasts have been anatomically based modalities such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. The practice of functionally based imaging of breasts is relatively new but has undergone rapid progress over the past few years with promising results. The value of positron emission mammography is demonstrated in patients with dense breasts and mammographically occult disease.
Breast Neoplasms ; Mammography

Fenofibrate is mainly used to reduce cholesterol level in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. Thermal transition study with the help of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows that the aforesaid active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is a good glass former. Based on our DSC study, the molecular dynamics of this API has been carried out by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) covering wide temperature and frequency ranges. Dielectric measurements of amorphous fenofibrate were per-formed after its vitrification by fast cooling from a few degrees above the melting point (Tm ? 354.11 K) to deep glassy state. The sample does not show any crystallization tendency during cooling and reaches the glassy state. The temperature dependence of the structural relaxation has been fitted by single Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman (VFT) equation. From VFT fit, glass transition temperature (Tg) was estimated as 250.56 K and fragility (m) was determined as 94.02. This drug is classified as a fragile glass former. Deviations of experimental data from Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) fits on high-frequency flank of α-peak indicate the presence of an excess wing in fenofibrate. Based on Ngai's coupling model, we identified the excess wing as true Johari–Goldstein (JG) process. Below the glass transition temperature one can clearly see a secondary relaxation (γ) with an activation energy of 32.67 kJ/mol.

Perforation of the esophagus is an uncommon problem with significant morbidity and mortality. In children undergoing endoscopy, the risk of perforation is higher when interventional endoscopy is performed. The clinical features depend upon the site of esophageal perforation. Opinions vary regarding the optimal treatment protocol, and the role of conservative management in this context is not well established. Esophageal perforation that occurs as a consequence of endoscopy in children requires careful evaluation and management, as outlined in this article.
Child* ; Clinical Protocols ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal Perforation* ; Esophagoscopy ; Esophagus ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Mortality

Pheochromocytomas are rare tumours originating from the chromaffin tissue. The clinical manifestations are variable and are not specific; as a result, pheochromocytomas often imitate other diseases. The diagnosis is usually established by biochemical studies, i.e., the measurement of catecholamines or their metabolites in urine or plasma, followed by radiographic and scintigraphic studies for localisation. Surgical removal of the tumour is the preferred treatment. We report a 30-year-old woman presenting with an adrenal incidentaloma that was 7.6 × 5.3 × 4.8 cm in size on an abdominal computed tomography scan. Investigations for adrenal hormones, including a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, plasma aldosterone level, 24-hour urinary metanephrine and vanillylmandelic acid levels, and plasma metanephrine level were all within the normal ranges. During the surgical resection, the patient had a hypertensive spell. Surgery was postponed, and the blood pressure was adequately controlled with α blockers, followed by β blockers. After 2 weeks, the surgery was followed by a pathological biopsy that confirmed the pheochromocytoma diagnosis.

Isolated coronal fracture of medial femoral condyle with intact lateral femoral condyle is extremely rare. A high index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis especially in cases of undisplaced fractures. Here we report a case of medial Hoffa fracture in a post-polio limb presenting as chronic pain. Management of such fractures in limbs affected by late sequelae of poliomyelitis is particularly problematic in view of osteoporosis and osseous hypoplasia. The fracture was approached through medial parapatellar arthrotomy and fixation was done with cannulated cancellous screws in anteroposterior direction. Union was achieved at 16 weeks.
Adult ; Chronic Pain ; diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Poliomyelitis ; complications