Objective: To establish the wound healing activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of roots ofFicus racemosa (F. racemosa). Methods: Two models were performed to evaluate the wound healing activity i.e. incision and excision models. In incision model the parameter which was carried out was breaking strength of wounded skin. In excision model percentage wound contraction and period of epithelialization were established for both the extracts. Reference standard drug was povidone iodine ointment for comparison with other groups. Results: From the observation in both two models, aqueous extract of F. racemosa was found to have greater wound healing activity in terms of breaking strength in incision model and percentage wound contraction, period of epithelialization in excision model than that of other groups. Conclusions:In conclusion, our findings suggest that aqueous extract of F. racemosa possesses better wound healing ability than the ethanolic extract.

Purpose: To validate a locally fabricated phantom of Imatrixx-2D Array by comparing its results with ArcCheck phantom and comparing portal dosimetry measurements with the two phantom studies. Materials and Methods: Electronic Portal Imaging Devices and Epiqa software were used for portal dosimetry. An Imatrixx-2D array with a locally fabricated phantom and ArcCheck cylindrical phantom were used for phantom studies. Eclipse-TPS with RapidArc treatment planning and portal dose prediction software was used for planar dose calculations. Three verification plans were created for each of the 15 patient plans of various sites, making a total of 45 plans to be delivered on 3 QA systems as above. Fifteen plans each with 2 arcs were delivered on the EPIDs of the Linacs, on Imatrixx-2D array phantom and on ArcCheck cylindrical phantom respectively. The planar dose matrices were analysed using global Gamma Index criteria of 3mm DTA and 3% dose difference. Results: The maximum deviations of percentage in dose points, in which γ>1, are 1.94, 1.89 and 1.5 in Imatrixx phantom, ArcCheck phantom and Portal dosimetry, respectively. Similarly, the mean deviations and SD values are less in portal dosimetry than that of phantom studies. The smaller deviations in portal dosimetry are attributed to closely embedded chambers in the EPID compared to the distance between the detectors placed in the phantom measurements. Conclusion: After carrying out the comparison of results, the locally fabricated phantom has been validated and accepted for the dosimetric studies. The conclusion is that all the three dosimetric QA systems are suitable for the patient-specific QA of RapidArc treatments.

In an infant presenting with a mass in the abdomen and non-bilious vomiting, duplication cyst needs to be considered in the list of differential diagnoses. Gastric duplication cyst is an uncommon occurrence in children. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings and imaging features. Surgical excision is safe and offers a complete cure. The literature recommends excision even in asymptomatic cases due to isolated reports of malignancy arising in the duplication cyst in later life.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and compare its obstetric and perinatal outcomes with those of non-teenage pregnancy. Method: This retrospective hospital-based case-control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar Seremban. The study made use of the Malaysian National Obstetric Registry (NOR) records of teenage pregnant women aged 11–19 at Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar Seremban over a 12-month period between May 2015 and May 2016 (n=164). Socio-demographic profiles, obstetric outcomes, and perinatal outcomes were detailed for each pregnant woman. The results were compared to a control group of 169 pregnant women aged 20–30 who also delivered in hospital Tuanku Ja’afar Seremban during the same period. The aim of this study was to assess the obstetric outcomes of teenage pregnancy and to compare them with those of the control group. A chi-squared test was used to identify the statistical significance of the relationship between teenage pregnancy rates and obstetric outcomes. Results with p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 2.8%. The mean age of the teenage group was 17.9; that of the control group was 26.4. Teenage mothers had a significantly higher risk of anemia (p<0.05), episiotomy (p<0.001), preterm labor (p<0.001), and delivering low-birthweight babies (p<0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in mode of delivery, antenatal complications, birth outcomes, APGAR scores at 5th minute, or neonatal complications. Conclusion: The prevalence of teenage pregnancy in this study is relatively low but is associated with an increased risk of some perinatal complications. The primary care physician’s role is pivotal in educating adolescents on sexual health, providing continual care in hospitals, and empowering teenagers in their reproductive health decisions.

Biological Evolution ; Chitin ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Fungi ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phylogeny

Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors contributing to psychological morbidity among doctors in Sana’a city, Yemen. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 442 Yemeni doctors. The (GHQ12) was used as a measure of psychological morbidity. Sources of job stress were determined using a 37-item scale questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of psychological morbidity was 68.1 %. Gender, age range of 30 – 39 years old, chewing Khat, type of residence and income were significantly associated with psychological morbidity (p<0.05). Five stressors out of 37 were significantly associated with psychological morbidity. On multivariate analysis, the significant predictors of psychological morbidity were being 30 – 39 years old, patients not trusting doctors, not chewing Khat, uncertainty and insecurity. Conclusion: The prevalence of psychological morbidity in Yemeni doctors was higher than those reported internationally and it was associated with many important job stressors.

Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccination for protection against tuberculosis has been in use for long. Although the vaccine is safe, its administration can result in complications such as BCG adenitis. We report here a series of children with BCG adenitis with a view to recognise and manage this condition. It is hoped that this case series would encourage the increased identification of this condition.

Delonix elata L. is a Ceasalpinaceae species and is traditionally used in India for treatment of skin diseases, liver diseases and rheumatic problems. However, systematic evaluation of its wound healing activity is lacking. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to assess the wound healing activity of D. elata stem bark extract (DSE) and its isolated constituent quercetin-3-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-6) glucopyranoside (QRPG) in rats. The formulations effects on wound healing were assessed by the wound contraction rate, epithelialization period, tensile strength, content of the hydroxyproline, hexosamine and uronic acid in granulation tissue, histopathological studies and Col 1α(I) expression level in wound tissue by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) study. The topical application of DSE ointment caused faster epithelialization, significant wound contraction (100%), and better tensile strength (710.5 ± 10.5 g/cm2), while QRPG showed wound epithelialization with 98.2%contraction, better than that of the control group (78.18%). The biochemical analysis of granulation tissue revealed that DSE and QRPG significantly increased hydroxyproline, hexosamine and uronic acid content. A significant increase in the expression of Col 1α(I) was observed in the wound tissue of DSE and QRPG treated rats. DSE and QRPG were shown to enhance wound healing by increasing collagen synthesis through up-regulation of Col 1α(I), thus validating ethnomedicinal uses.

Additional heads of the biceps brachii muscle of arm have the clinical importance, because they mislead the surgeon in arm surgical procedures. Existence of such variation is one of the reasons for neurovascular compression in the arm region. The present study was conducted to find out the incidence of third head of biceps brachii among 80 samples in South Indian population. The third head of biceps brachii was found in right side in one case which was 13.7 cm in length and arising from antero medial wall of lower part of shaft of humerus. Incidence of the study is 1.25% in South Indians. Occurrence of supernumerary third head of biceps is rare in Indian population.

The authors violated the publication ethics by their dual submission and publication. The editorial board of the epiH decided to retract this paper from our journal.
Brucellosis* ; Ethics ; Nepal* ; Publications