Background : With a suppport from Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) Japan, we studied the feasibility of conducting event monitoring in Japan similar to Prescription-Event Monitoring in England. The manuscript presented is a report to MHW in 1996.
Methods : Means available in Japan to identify drug, patient and doctor are examined. In addition, any modification needed to make on a questionnaire sent to doctors in PEM conducted in Japan is examined.
Results and Conclusion : Monthly claims called as “Rezept” issued by individual hospitals and clinics and sent to insurers and outpatient prescriptions issued by hospitals to be dispensed by the pharmacies outside the hospitals are considered to be two available means to identify drug, patient and doctor. To have a sample representative of all drug users, the use of “Rezept” is needed as only a fraction of outpatient prescriptions are dispensed by independent pharmacies. However, the use of prescriptions dispensed by the independent pharmacies together with the cooperation of individual pharmacies is capable of finding a contemporary control which is a group of patients who have recently started “old” drugs comparable to the new “test drug”. In Japan no doctor may have a complete list of the hospitals and clinics a patient has visited and it is mandatory to ask doctors the last date when the patient visited the doctor. To clarify what problems arise when a PEM-like study is introduced to Japan, a pilot study is going to be done during 1997 and the feasibility will be examined further based on the results.

In the studies of physical motion analysis the multiple photographic method with a stroboscope or the fast motion picture which has been used, are not sufficient to pursue a motion of some kinds of sports and of some hidden physical spot only from one direction and difficult to synchronize picture obtaind from three direction.
To make use of electrical engineering from the points of Physiology and Kinesiology, it is worthy of pursuing a physical motion on three dimensions, up & down, right & left and before & behind at once, and furthermore, physiological phenomena in electrocardiogram and electromyogram with connection to the above analyzer.
For that purpose a physical locomotion pursuit analyzer (SN-type, refered to PLPA later on) was devised.
The present devised analyzer is composed of a three dimensions-accelerometor in a gyroscope, a preamplifier, a integration amplifier and a pen-writing recorder.
As already known in the principle of physics, velocity can be obtained by single integration of acceleration rate and displacement by double integration of a acceleration rate.
In above the PLPA, therefore, acceleration rate, velocity and displacement, each of three dimensions can be determined. Capacity of the present analyzer was as follows; Frequency rate : 1.5-20.0 HZ (Static accelerated component under 1.5 HZ was cut by differentiation circuit of DC-cut), time constant of electrical integration circuit : about 0.2sec.
In the present report the outline of PLPA and some data of our experiments obtained by use of it were dealt.
The problems of the telemetering system of this analyzer and digital exhibition by connection to computer require further study.

Taking charge of in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in the laboratory per se amounts to a form of clinical support. To infertile patients, it would be of great benefit if laboratory technicians make direct contact with them and give a full account of the procedure.The apprehensions entertained by them regarding infertility treatment would be removed by hearing what they want to know.In hopes of dispelling the patients' fears and doubts, we have recently started to dialogue with the patients. The face-to-face interview has made us feel confident in what we are doing aside from the lab work and feel a sense of responsibility. Moreover, we have become aware of the need to further devote ourselves to reproductive medicine in order to improve the treatment outcome.One third of the questions frequently asked by patients concerns the quality of embryos and the risk of birth defects, which are issues that challenge us involved in reproductive medicine. To give answers to these and other questions most aptly, it is necessary to share all the up-to-date information, data and knowledge among members of the staff concerned.As the tasks to be grappled with fromnow on, there are problems with unsuccessful cases after repeated IVF trials and an increasing number of patients rangingin age from 45 to 49 years. Where the infertility treatment stops is yet to bedecided in the case of elder women.For providing information and psychological support sought by patients, we keenly felt that there is a necessity to establish a closer collaborative inter-departmental relationship.
Clinical ; Fertilization ; Laboratory culture ; Support ; therapeutic aspects

A study was made on and-ATLA antibody among general inhabitants, those with hematologic disease and those with hepatic disease in Nagano Prefecture.
Among 2, 299 inhabitants (990 males and 1, 309 females), anti-ATLA antibody was found to be positive in two males (0.1 %)
The number of patients with hematologic disease was 155. Of them, malignant lymphoma accounted for 50 (T: 24.3 %, B: 37.8 %), acute leukemia 32 and other hematologic malignancy 28. No ATL was found among them. It was revealed that 56 of them underwent transfusion ranging from 2 to 346 units of blood, averaging at 49.7 units. The number of person whose anti-ATLA antibody was positive was one only, who was diagnosed as AML and was transfused 170 units.
Of 42 patients with hepatic disease, HB virus-related liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma) accounted for 10, non-B group HBAg (-) for 18, alcoholic liver dysfunction 5 and other hepatic disorders 9. Three out of these 42 patients were found to be positive for anti-ATLA antibody, each three patients belonged to the “non-B” group (3/18, 16.6 %).
The total number of positivist was thus six. Of them, five had a history of transfusion, and all five positivists excluding the one with AML were suffering from hepatic disease with HBAg (-).
From the above, it was considered that in Nagano Prefecture, those whose anti-ATLA antibody was positive were conspicuously small in number, but main cause of the positivity was attributable to the transfusion. Most of the positivists were suffered from non-B hepatic disease with a history of transfusion, and the number of positivist was significantly greater even when compared with patients with hematologic disease with frequent transfusion. Accordingly, it is suggested that some of the hepatic diseases with HBAg (-) might be associated with HTLV.