No abstract available.
Fractures, Malunited* ; Radius*

The slipped capital femoral epiphysis is the condition in which the femoral head slips downward and backward on the femoral neck at the epiphyseal plate. The underlying cause of this disease is unknown. In general, it is believed that endocrine factors may play a part as shown in experimental work. But few endocrine abnormalities have been proved. It is rare in Korea and eight cases have been reported and only one case was associated with diabetes insipidus in hypogonadal Turner mosaicism. Authors report a case of mild, acute on chronic slipped capital femoral epiphysis in a 19 year old male with hypogonadism and diabetes insipidus. It was treated by internal fixation with three Steinmann pins and the result was good.
Diabetes Insipidus ; Femur Neck ; Growth Plate ; Head ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Korea ; Male ; Mosaicism ; Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses

BACKGROUNDS: Various methods have been devised for choosing the correct internal diameter (ID) of endotracheal tubes and the proper lengths for oral endotracheal tubes at different ages in children. This study was performed to evaluate the appropriate sizes of uncuffed endotracheal tubes and distance from upper incisor to carina in Korean children under 8 years old. METHODS: Five hundred thirty five children under 8 years in ASA class 1 and 2 were evaluated for the study by age groups: 0~3 months, 4~11 months and every each year until 8 years. Appropriate sizes were to permit a gas leak at 15~25 cmH2O with positive pressure ventilation. Distances from incisor to carina were at the point which bilateral lung sounds were noticed during slow extubation from endobroncheal intubation. RESULTS: Appropriate tube sizes were 3.0 mm to 3.5 mm for infants under 3 months, 3.5 mm to 4.0 mm for 4 to 11 months and ""4.15+0.28xage (yr) (mm)"" (R2=0.77, p<0.05) for children between 1 and 8 years old. Distances from upper incisor to carina were 12.0 cm for infants under 3 months, 13.7 cm for 4 to 11 months and ""14.5+0.6xage (yr) (cm)"" (R2=0.62, p<0.05) for children between 1 and 8 years old. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the endotracheal tube ID for the Korean children are a little greater than those of previous reports in foreign countries and airway lengths for the Korean children are similar to those of foreigners.
Child* ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Humans ; Incisor* ; Infant ; Intubation ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Respiratory Sounds

PURPOSE: Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is a reliable marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma. But few studies have measured endogenous nitric oxide exhaled from the respiratory system of newborns. The aim of this study was to measure the eNO of healthy newborns and attempted to provide reference ranges for healthy newborn infants. METHODS: The newborns included in this study were born from May through July, 2005 in Kyung Hee medical center. eNO was measured in healthy 41 newborns with online tidal breathing method using a chemiluminescence analyzer (CLD 88 sp, Eco Medics, Duernten, Switzerland). We divided the newborns into two groups, according to gestational age, sex and type of delivery. The comparisons between two groups were performed and a correation between eNO and birth weight was analyzed. RESULTS: The range for eNO in healthy newborns was 2.0-20.5 ppb. The mean value was 10.0 ppb and the upper limit (mean+2SD) of normal was 19.8 ppb. There was no significant difference in eNO concentration with regard to gestational age or gender. eNO measurements were not correlated with delivery type or birth weight. CONCLUSION: eNO measurement is safe, non-invasive method in newborns. The reference value of eNO in newborn was achieved and there was no evidence of eNO related to gestation age, gender, delivery type and birth weight. Although eNO analysis is currently a research tool in newborn infants, it can provide new values on the airway.
Asthma ; Birth Weight ; Eosinophils ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Inflammation ; Luminescence ; Nitric Oxide* ; Pregnancy ; Reference Values ; Respiration ; Respiratory System

The changes of cerebral blood flow velocity, pulsatility index and resistance index were studied during Enflurane-N2O-O2 anesthesia according to the change of end tidal carbon dioxide tension in 14 gynecologic surgical patients. From the both middle cerebral artery, mean blood flow velocity, resistance index and pulsatility index were checked with transcranial doppler before anesthesia with room air respiration and during anesthesia with controlled ventilation. The anesthesia was controlled with 2.0+/-0.5% Enflurane and 3 liter/min. of nitrous oxide and 2 liter/min. of oxygen. The end tidal CO2 tension was controlled by change of respiratory rate and tidal volume from 30 mmHg to 40 mmHg during anesthesia. Mean blood flow velocity, resistance index, and pulsatility index of middle cerebral artery were compared between unanesthetized room air respirated patient and anesthetized patient. The result were as follows : 1. There were no differences of systolic, diastolic, mean blood flow velocity, resistance index and pulsatility index between right and left middle cerebral artery. 2. The mean blood flow velocity was significantly increased but the pulsatility index and resistance index was decreased during anesthesia compare to preanesthetic values. This may be due to the effect of anesthetics. 3. During steady state of anesthesia the mean blood flow velacity was increased and the pulsatility index and resistance index was decreased according to the change of ETCO2 With this result we can say the effect of carbon dioxide tension to the cerebral blood flow velocity was maintained during Enflurane-N2O-O2 anesthesia, but the flow was also affected by the anesthetics itself.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics ; Blood Flow Velocity* ; Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Enflurane ; Humans ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Respiration ; Respiratory Rate ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation

Localized nodular myositis is an uncommon benign inflammatory myopathy of unkonwn cause affecting skeletal muscle and, presenting as a localized painful swelling within the soft tissue of an extremity. Histological examination reveals lymphocytic infiltration, scattered muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration, and interstitial fibrosis. MRI finding is an enhancement with increased signal intensity around the lesion. We report two cases of localized nodular myositis presenting as pseudothrobothrombophlebitis. We believe this is the first case report of localized nodular myositis in Korea.
Extremities ; Fibrosis ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Myositis* ; Necrosis ; Regeneration

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mitral annulus velocity measured by doppler tissue imaging (DTI) has been used as a method of evaluation of the left ventricular diastolic function. This study was aimed to evaluate the left ventricular diastolic function using the mitral annulus velocity measured by DTI in the patients with hypertension. METHODS AND SUBJECTS: One hundered twenty nine patients with blood pressure above 140/90mmHg and age sex matched 123 normotensive subjects were studied. For measuring the mitral annulus velocities by DTI, we used the 2.5 MHz probe (Sequoia, Accuson) in apical four chamber view with the sample volume at the septal portion of the mitral annulus. RESULTS: Mitral annular velocities were easily obtained from all subjects. In the hypertension group, mitral annulus E'velocity was significantly lower than normotensive controls (5.4 1.3 cm/sec vs 6.5 1.8 cm/sec, p<0.001) and mitral annulus A' velocity was significantly higher than normotensive controls (8.6 1.4 cm/sec vs 7.9 1.1 cm/sec, p<0.001). In comparison with patients with normal LVML(IV mass index in hypertension group and subjects with normal LVMI in normotensive controls, mitral annulus E'velocity was reduced in patients with normal LVMI in hypertension group compared with subjects with normal LVMI in normotensive controls (5.6 1.4 cm/sec vs 6.7 1.8 cm/sec, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Mitral annulus velocity measured by DTI could be used as one of the parameters in evaluating the early changes of left ventricular diastolic function in the patient with hypertension.
Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Hypertension*

Breast cancer is a major public health problem. 1 woman in 8 will have breast cancer develop during her lifetime in America. As in the United States, long-term increases in the incidence of breast cancer are being observed worldwide. The high incidence of breast cancer in the female population is provide the rationale for screening. The principal purpose of screening for breast cancer is to reduce mortality from the disease through early diagnosis and treatment. It is demonstrate that mortality from breast cancer can be reduced as much as 30% in a screened population. Thus the authors tried screening for breast cancer by mammography with education in breast self examination and classified mammographic parenchymal pattern of the breast in the National Medical Center. The results obtained were summarized briefly as follows:1) Between 1995-5 and 1995-7, 329 women over aged 35 in National Medical Center were invited for screening by mammography with education in breast self examination and mammographic parenchymal pattern of the breast. 2) 294(89.3 percentage) women in 329 were attended for screening and mammographic parenchymal pattern of the breast. 3) A group of 16 women(4.9 percentage) was called for further assessment. 4) 5 women(1.7 percentage) had suspicious lesions and proceeded to surgical biopsy; 4 lesions proved fibrocystic disease and 1 lesion proved fat necrosis and dystrophic calcification. 5) The mammographic parenchymal pattern of the breast showed the number of women according to classification: 20%, 23%, 50%, 7% for N1, P1, P2, DY type, respectively. 6) The malignant lesion was not detect. The results are not statistically significant. But periodic mammography screening of asymptomatic women shows that a satisfactory cancer detection can be achievable. Follow-up of women over aged 35 in the National Medical Center is continuing.
Americas ; Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast Self-Examination ; Breast* ; Classification ; Early Diagnosis ; Education ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mammography ; Mass Screening* ; Mortality ; Public Health ; United States

PURPOSE: Effective chest compressions may improve the return of spontaneous circulation and positive neurologic outcomes in cardiac arrest victims. Out of concern for rescuer fatigue, guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) recommend that the individual applying chest compressions should be switched every 2 minutes, but there is little evidence to support this recommendation. In this study, we investigated whether or not changing the individual who is applying chest compressions every 2 minutes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is appropriate or not. METHODS: We recruited health personnel working at one university hospital on a volunteer basis. On a randomly assigned day, we compared the effectiveness of the use of multiple rescuers following the 2 minute guideline, versus single rescuer (rescuer-limited) in performance of CPR. The resulting data was collected by use of CPR recording technology, and chest compression quality variables including compression rate, compression depth, proportion of adequate compression depth, and proportion of incomplete recoil were recorded. RESULTS: There were statistically significant improvements in the rescuer-limited trial outcome including average compression depth (p=0.013), proportion of adequate compression depth (p=0.027), and difference in reported fatigue (0.007). CONCLUSION: In this study, we found that a rescuer-limited method is more effective than the multiple rescuer method in terms of subjective fatigue and chest compression quality metrics.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Fatigue ; Health Personnel ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Thorax

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue which has been lost due to destructive periodontal disease, and numerous kinds of materials and techniques have been developed to achieve this goal. Bone grafts include autografts, allografts, xenografts and synthetic grafts. Among the synthetic grafts, bioactive glass has been used in dentistry for more than ten years and Fetner reported improved new bone formation and more amount of new attachment after grafting PerioGlas , a kind of bioactive glass, in 2-wall defects of monkeys in 1994. It is well known that 1-wall defects have less osteogenic potential and more epithelial migration, so we need to study the effect of bioactive glass in 1-wall defects in dogs. The present study evaluates the effect of bioactive glass on the epithelial migration, alveolar bone regeneration, cementum formation and gingival connective tissue attachment in intrabony defects of dogs. Four millimeter deep and four millimeter wide 1-wall defects were surgically created in the mesial aspects of premolars. The test group received bioactive glass with a flap procedure and the control underwent flap procedure only. Histologic analysis after 8 weeks of healing revealed the following results: 1. The height of gingival margin was 1.30+/-0.73mm above CEJ in the control and 1.40+/-0.78mm in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 2. The length of epithelial growth(the distance from CEJ to the apical end of JE) was 1.74+/-0.47mm in the control and 1.12+/-0.36mm in the test group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.01) 3. The length of new cementum was 2.06+/-0.73mm in the control and 2.62+/-0.37mm in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 4. The length of new bone was 1.83+/-0.74mm in the control and 2.39+/-0.59mm in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. These results suggest that the use of bioactive glass in 1-wall intrabony defects has significant effect on the prevention of junctional epithelium migration, but doesn't have any significant effect on new bone and new cementum formation.
Allografts ; Animals ; Autografts ; Bicuspid ; Bone Regeneration ; Connective Tissue ; Dental Cementum ; Dentistry ; Dogs* ; Epithelial Attachment ; Glass* ; Haplorhini ; Heterografts ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Diseases ; Regeneration ; Tooth Cervix ; Transplants