Urinalysis is the most convenient and important diagnostic tool for the kidney diseases. Abnormal urinary findings provide powerful information for the diagnosis of a kidney disease. There are several common urinary abnormalities without subjective symptoms : hematuria, proteinuria, and asymptomatic bacteriuria. There are many causes of hematuria : glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, vascular diseases, cystic kidney disease, renal calculi, coagulation disorders, urinary tract infection, trauma, and tumors. It is essential to clarify the origin of hematuria by the use of diagnostic flow sheets. Despite all the diagnostic approaches, however, unexplained hematuria is found in 10~15% of subjects with hematuria. Periodic follow-up is recommended per 3 to 6 months for at least three years for them. The proteinuria of the glomerular origin is important for the progression of the renal diseases. We have to differentiate the proteinuria according to its origin and underlying systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus and hypertension. We also recommend a kidney biopsy for nephrotic range proteinuria for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is define as a bacterial colony count above 105/ml in two consecutive urine cultures. Management is generally not recommended for the asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly patients but recommended in pregnant women and diabetes mellitus patients. From our point of view, subjects showing urinary abnormalities, such as hematuria, proteinuria, and bacteriuria, must be kept under close surveillance.
Aged ; Bacteriuria ; Biopsy ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerulonephritis ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Kidney Calculi ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; Nephritis, Interstitial ; Pregnant Women ; Prognosis ; Proteinuria ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vascular Diseases

Gradual distraction on living tissues creates stress that stimulates growth and regeneration. Timing and rate of distraction are one of the major factors affecting callus distraction. Slow rate of distraction often led to premature consolidation of the lengthening bone, while rapid rate of distraction often resulted in undesirable change within lengthening bone. Since Dr. McCarthy reported the successful lengthening of mandible in hemifacial microsomia, most of craniofacial bone lengthening has been done at a rate of 1.0 mm per day. The purpose of this study is to present my experience of rapid and multidirectional distraction of mandible in hemifacial microsomia. I have performed distraction osteogenesis of mandible in 33 patients of hemifacial microsomia with an age of 2-9 years from November, 1995 to October 1997. A complete osteotomy was made at the angle of mandible posterior border of the ramus proximal to the osteotomy and two threaded wires were inserted aling the lower border of the body distal to the osteotomy. Long PennigMinifixator(Orthofix, Bussolengo, Italy) maintained the mandible in fixation for 4 days. Following this period, the device was lingthened serially 1 mm every 12 hours by turning the nut. After the period of active lingthening was complicated, the mandible was maintained in external fixation until the radiological consolidation of the bone was confirmed. According to a study protocol, photographs, cephalograms(lateral and frontal), and panoramic view of mandible were obtained preoperatively, just before the active lengthening, at the time of removal of the device, and at 6 months intervals thereafter. The amount of vertical distraction along the posterior border of the ramus was from 19 to 32 mm and horizontal distraction along the lower border of the body was from 3 to 18 mm. The total amount of distraction was from 25 to 47 mm. The period of rapid distraction was from 13 to 27 days. Following the period of rapid distraction the mandible was maintained in external fixation for an average of 8.5 weeks(ranging from 7 to 11 weeks). There was no preoperative complications, and the length of clinical follow-up tangles from 3 to 26 months. Early reconstruction with minimal morbidity of rapid and multidirectional mandibular distraction in the hemidacial microsomia was successful without relapse. Orthodontic treatment can begin as soon as possible after gradual distraction in order to establish normal dental occlusion.
Bone Lengthening ; Bony Callus ; Dental Occlusion ; Follow-Up Studies ; Goldenhar Syndrome* ; Humans ; Mandible* ; Nuts ; Osteogenesis, Distraction* ; Osteotomy ; Recurrence ; Regeneration

In order to investigate a hemodynamic complication associated with the resection of a large arteriovenous malformation, we planed the following experiment. We divided the left common caroted artery and the internal jugular vein for microsurgical anastomsis between the rostral carotid and caudal jugular vessel ends : the 2 remaining wessel stumps were ligated. This created an arteriovenous shunt with afferent flow from the contralateral caroted and the basilar artery and retrograde down to the carotid-jugular anastomosis. And then, we occluded the shunt vessels at the each stage of the first and fourth week after anteriovenous shunt. Forty adult cats weighing from 2.2 to 2.4kg were used in this study The animals were devided into 4 groups : group 1(acute occlusion-1 week after shunt, n=10), group 2(staged occlusion-1 week after shunt, n=10), group 3(acute occlusion-4 week after shunt, n=10), group 4(staged occlusion-4 week after shunt, n=10) respectively. The regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), cardiopulmonary function were measured in each animal group and also observed the response of the cerebral blood flow on induced changes of the blood pressure and the arterial bicarbonate. The arteriovenous shunt patency was evaluated by serial angiography. The results were as follows ; 1) Considerable increases in the mean arterial blood pressure(mABP) as well as bradycardia were observed in acute occlusion groups(group 1, 3). After induced hyercarbia, the increments of mABP in acute occlusion groups were less than staged occlusion groups, considerbly. 2) Significant decreases in the mean pulse rate were observed in acute occlusion groups. the mean pulse rate were the highest decrease in group 3. 3) The values of rCBF of left frontal cortex in acute occlusion groups were more greater increase than those of staged occlusion groups considerably. 4) After induced hypercarbia, considerable increases of the rCBF were demonstrated in all groups and increases of the rCBF were lowest in group 3 compared with the other groups. After induced hypercarbia, considerable increases of the rCBF were demonstrated in all groups and reductions of the rCBF were lowest in group 3 compared with the other groups. 5) After induced hypercarbia, considerable increases of the rCBF were demonstrated in all groups. The rCBFs were the highest increase in group3 and lowest increase in group 2 compared with the other groups. After induced hypotension, considerable reductions of the rCBF were demonstrated in all groups. The rCBFs were the highest reduction in group 3 and lowest reduction in group 2 compared with the other groups. It might be infered from these results that patients with large arteriovenous malformations, particulary those with cerebral steal symptoms, are at risk to develp neurologic defictis related to perfusion breakthrough if their malformed vessels are abruptly removed, and staged or gradual occlusion of feeding arteries may prevent this potentially devastating complication.
Adult ; Angiography ; Animals ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Basilar Artery ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Cats ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Homeostasis* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Jugular Veins ; Perfusion

No abstract available.
Pain Clinics* ; Pain Management*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Endocrine Disruptors* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone*

We found an error in our published article: Contents of footnote to the authors declare that they have no conflict of interset will be deleted.

No abstract available.
Heart Arrest* ; Hypothermia* ; Pneumonia*

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans ; Nutritional Support* ; Postoperative Care* ; Stomach Neoplasms*