1.Relationship between Drinking Water Fluoride Level and Dental Caries among Ulaanbaatar districts
Oyunkhishig Kh ; Khulan U ; Erdenechimeg N ; Bayarchimeg B ; Soyolmaa M ; Urjinlham J
Innovation 2016;2(1):32-34
The present study was conducted to assess relationship between drinking water fluoride levels and dental caries among 12 years old school children of 2 districts of Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia.
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 533 school children aged 12 years, selected from 6 schools of 2 districts of Ulaanbaatar city. 533 children were divided into 2 groups according to the fluoride concentration of the waters. The all children were examined oral examination, dental caries was assessed by the DMF-T index.
The result of the present study revealed that the caries prevalence in the study population was about 68,9%, and mean DMF-T was 3.05. Water fluoride concentration was highest in Khan-Uul district with 0.622ppm.
There was highest prevalence of caries in children who consume water from filtration system in both districts.
2. Relationship between Drinking Water Fluoride Level and Dental Caries among Ulaanbaatar districts
Oyunkhishig KH ; Khulan U ; Erdenechimeg N ; Bayarchimeg B ; Soyolmaa M ; Urjinlham J
Innovation 2016;2(1):32-34
The present study was conducted to assess relationship between drinking water fluoride levels and dental caries among 12 years old school children of 2 districts of Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia.A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 533 school children aged 12 years, selected from 6 schools of 2 districts of Ulaanbaatar city. 533 children were divided into 2 groups according to the fluoride concentration of the waters. The all children were examined oral examination, dental caries was assessed by the DMF-T index.The result of the present study revealed that the caries prevalence in the study population was about 68,9%, and mean DMF-T was 3.05. Water fluoride concentration was highest in Khan-Uul district with 0.622ppm.There was highest prevalence of caries in children who consume water from filtration system in both districts.
3.A new diagnostic biomarker in early detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Batchimeg B ; Baljinnyam T ; Khulan U ; Khaliun M ; Bilguun E ; Munkhtsetseg B ; Terguunbileg B ; Chinzorig M ; Gan-Erdene B ; Bilegtsaikhan Ts ; Erkhembulgan P ; Batbold B ; Munkhbat B ; Munkhtuvshin N ; Munkhbayar S
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2021;197(3):10-16
Background and Aims:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer related death
in Mongolia. Early diagnosis is the very important management to increase successful treatment
and survival rate. Glypican-3 (GPC3) protein is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
tissue and in serum of HCC patients. Recent studies have been conducted and suggested as a
diagnostic biomarker for detecting HCC in the early stage. Therefore, we investigated the diagnostic
value of the serum GPC3 level and compared it to the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level as a diagnostic
biomarker of HCC.
Methods:
We enrolled a total of 90 participants and divided into 3 groups with HCC (30), with liver
cirrhosis (LC/30) and healthy (30) as the control group (30). GPC3 and AFP serum (sGPC-3, sAFP)
levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The
diagnostic accuracy was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and
estimated sensitivity and specificity of each biomarker.
Results:
sGPC3 was significantly elevated in the HCC group as compared to liver cirrhosis and
healthy subjects (658±138.2 pg/ml, 378±25.5 pg/ml, 356.3±29 pg/ml) respectively. sGPC-3 sensitivity
was 96.6% and specificity was 100%. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for GPC3 was 0.999
(0.996- 1.0).
In comparison, the mean of AFP was significantly higher in HCC (16.9±11.7 ng/ml) than in LC (6.7±7.6
ng/ml) and in healthy subject (3.3±2.1 ng/ml) and AFP sensitivity was 43,3 %, specificity was 95 %
with an AUC of 0.808 (0.696- 0.921).
The combination of GPC-3 with AFP achieved the highest sensitivity (97.1%) and specificity (97%).
Conclusion
Serum GPC3 has a higher sensitivity than AFP for the early diagnosis of HCC.
Combination of two markers showed greatest diagnostic accuracy.
4.The effects of Particulate matter (PМ2.5) pollutants on cancer cells in in vitro model
Baljinnyam T ; Bilguun E ; Batchimeg B ; Zolzaya D ; Lkhaasuren N ; Oyungerel G ; Munkhtsetseg B ; Khaliun M ; Khulan U ; Batkhishig M ; Uranbileg U ; Sonomdagva Ch ; Bilegtsaikhan Ts ; Munkhbayar S ; Munkhtuvshin N ; Erkhembulgan P
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2021;197(3):17-25
Introduction:
Air pollution has become one of the major problems in socio-economic and health
issues in Mongolia. Among the various hazards of particulate matter (PM) pollutants, microorganisms
in PM2.5 and PM10 are thought to be responsible for various allergies and for the spread of respiratory
diseases. Recent studies have shown that PM2.5 particles can cause chronic heart failure, heart
arrhythmias, and strokes, as well as lung damage, cirrhosis, inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular
disease, and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, some studies have concluded that PM2.5 particles
in the environment are a risk factor for gastrointestinal, liver, colon, and lung cancer as well as it
affects the growth and metastasis of various cancer cells caused by other factors. In our country, the
health effects of air pollution and the relationship between the pathogenesis of cancer research are
scarce. Therefore, the study of the effects of PM2.5 particles on cancer cell proliferation, migration
(metastasis) can provide a significant role for cancer treatment, diagnosis, and prevention.
Purpose:
Determining the effects of PM2.5 particles on cancer cell proliferation, migration (metastasis)
in in-vitro
Material and Methods:
A human liver cancer cell line (HepG2), human gastric cancer cell line (AGS)
were obtained from the central scientific research laboratory in the Institute of medical sciences.
HepG2, AGS cells were seeded at a concentration of 1*105 cells/mL in a culture flask and cultured
in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% antibiotic mix (penicillin, streptomycin) in a
humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 °C. The cytotoxic effect of PM 2.5 in AGS, HepG2 cells were
evaluated by MTT, CCK8 assays. AGS, HepG2 cells were incubated in 96 well plates for 24h then
treated with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg ) of Bayankhoshuu, Buhiin urguu,
and Zaisan samples for 24h, respectively.
Results:
Concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 μg/ml of samples collected from the Bukhiin urguu and
Zaisan in March increased HepG2 cell growth, while doses of 25, 50 μg/ml of samples collected from
Bayankhoshuu in March and December increased HepG2 cell growth. Therefore, concentrations of
25 and 50 μg/ml of samples collected from Bayankhoshuu in March increased AGS cell growth, while concentrations of 25, 100 and μg/ml of samples collected in December increased AGS cell growth.
However, no cytotoxic effect was observed in the sample collected from Zaisan in March, whereas
the PM2.5 sample enhanced AGS cell growth in dose dependent manner in December.(p <0.05)
Conclusion
High levels of heavy metals were detected in samples collected in December from
Bayankhoshuu, Bukhiin urguu and Zaisan of Ulaanbaatar. Concentration of 25 μg/ml of samples
collected from the Bukhiin urguu and Zaisan in March increased HepG2 cell growth. Concentrations
of 25 μg/ml of PM2.5 collected from three regions around Ulaanbaatar increased HepG2 and AGS
cell migration.
5.Role of negative regulators on the TLR7 ligand/IFN-γ signaling in the endothelial cells
Baasansuren E ; Javkhlan B ; Baljinnyam T ; Khulan U ; Batkhishig M ; Enkhsaikhan L ; Ulziisaikhan J ; Khongorzul B ; Baigalmaa B ; Galindev B ; Tsevelmaa N ; Sodnomtsogt L ; Nyambayar D ; Munkhtuvshin N ; Munkhbat B ; Bilegtsaikhan Ts
Health Laboratory 2018;8(1):14-18
Introduction:
Toll like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that key role in the innate immune system. The SOCS1 and SHP2 proteins are negative-feed loop inhibitors of signaling of JAK/STAT and TLRs pathways.
Purpose:
To determine negative regulator protein activation which is activated through TLR7 ligand/IFN-γ signal transduction in endothelial cells.
Methods:
We used mouse aortic linear endothelial cell (END-D); protein expressio was detected by western blotting
Results:
We analyzed a time dependent stimulation effects of negative regulator proteins stimulated by TLR7 ligand/IFN-γ in endothelial cell cultures. Imiquimod of 10 μg/ml treatment of 1 hr was followed by 100 ng/ml IFN-γ stimulation for 1-8hr to analysis of negative regulator SOCS1 and SHP2 protein expression.
In untreated cells, there was low activations of negative regulator SOCS1 and SHP2 proteins. IFN-γ stimulation alone had increased SOCS1 and SHP2 protein expressions, also imiquimod treatment highly elevated SOCS1 and SHP2 expressions. However imiquimod and IFN-γ doubled treatment have decreased activation of negative regulator SOCS1 and SHP2 proteins. These findings suggest SOCS1 and SHP2 proteins are inhibitors in the TLR7 ligand/IFN-γ signaling.
Conclusion
Negative regulators, SOCS1 and SHP2 strongly suppressed activations of TLR7 ligand/IFN-γ signaling
6.Study on influence of the CpG DNA on activation of IFN-γ signaling transduction regulatory proteins
Baljinnyam T ; Khulan U ; Erkhembayar Sh ; Baasansuren E ; Javkhlan B ; Batkhishig M ; Enkhsaikhan L ; Ulziisaikhan J ; Baigalmaa B ; Galindev B ; Tsevelmaa N ; Khongorzul B ; Sodnomtsogt L ; Munkhbat B ; Munkhtuvshin N ; Bilegtsaikhan Ts
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2018;186(4):10-13
Introduction:
When human body encounters external pathogens primary/innate immunity cells are activated by
recognizing them and secondary/adaptive immunity is activated consecutively. In our previous study,
we revealed that there is a synergistic action between TLR9 and IFN-γ signaling in the endothelial cells.
Purpose:
To determine the role of negative and positive regulator proteins on the IFN-γ/TLR9 signaling pathway.
Methods:
In this study, murine endothelial cell (END-D) culture was used. END-D cells pre-treated with TLR9
ligand CpG DNA and then stimulated with IFN-γ. The negative (SHP-2, SOCS1, PIAS1) and positive
(p38) regulator protein expression was detected by Western blotting.
Results and Conclusion
Treatment by TLR9 ligand CpG DNA and IFN-γ increased positive regulator p38 phosphorylation in 0.5
hour. CpG DNA inhibited IFN-γ negative regulator PIAS1 protein expression in 6 hour and SOCS1 and
SHP-2 expression could not affect in 4 hour.
7.Involvement of Vitamin D in Immune system
Baljinnyam T ; Batchimeg B ; Zolzaya D ; Ganchimeg D ; Lkhaasuren N ; Oyungerel G ; Munkhtsetseg B ; Khaliun M ; Khulan U ; Bilguun E ; Batkhishig M ; Tulgaa L ; Bilegtsaikhan Ts ; Munkhbayar S ; Munkhtuvshin N ; Munkhbat B
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2020;192(2):51-59
Research of function of vitamin D on immune system has been studying since the study revealed
that vitamin D receptor is expressed on the surface of the immune cells. 1,2-dihydroxyvitamin
D3 [1,25(OH)2D], physiologically active form, can be generated through hydroxylation of
25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D], inactive form of vitamin D, in a liver, connecting with specific VDR
make biological action. Vitamin D make different biological actions depends on connecting with
different immunological cells. Some studies indicated that Vitamin D plays pivotal role in antibacterial
innate immune responses through regulating reaction of the main cells as macrophages and dendritic
cells. Moreover, calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, is connected with VDRE, modulates the innate
immune response through directly inducing expression of catelicithin and β-defensin as antimicrobial
peptides, reducing secretion of IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a, RANKL, COX-2 as proinflammatory cytokines and
increasing production of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Vitamin D plays in proliferation and
differentiation of T and B cells and regulates the activities of over 500 genes. Vitamin D differently
impacts on per se stages of T cells’ proliferation. Vitamin D indirectly mitigates the differentiation from
immature B cells to plasma B cells while it directly impacts on regulation of overloaded production of
antibodies in plasma B cells. In conclusion, vitamin D modulates the innate- and adaptive immune
response through regulation on activation of APCells, proliferation and differentiation of immune cells,
secretion of some antibacterial peptides.