Introduction: Perennial plant 15-60 cm high with slim creeper strong roots1-4. Dianthus superbus usually grows in a larch and Siberian Pine forest, in its meadow, edge and glade, bank of the river and thick bushes forests covering Khuvsgul, Khentii, mountainous and fertile pastures, Mountain range, Khovd and Mongol Altaic Mountain range1,2,4. The study of biological activity and bioactive compounds of plants, used in Mongolian and Tibetan traditional medicine such as Dianthus superbus and further enrichment of Mongolia’s drug foundation by natural drugs which have low toxic and toxicity effects, are one of the important goals of scientist. Upper part of the land is used for liver blood fever, blood pneumonia, menopause, kidney diseases, cystitis, nephritis and edema Mongolian traditional medical treatment and uterus muscle tightening action3,4.Goal: The aim is to study the phytochemical properties of Dianthus superbus upper part of the land.Materials and Methods: We performed the research taking material assistance of pharmacognozy laboratories in Monos university from 2012-2013. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of plant bioactive compounds were evaluated by Russian XI Pharmacopeia and the method according to Mongolian National Standard5. Result of the study was developed by SPSS 16 and End notе programme.Result: The quantitative and qualitative analyses of plant bioactive compounds of Dianthus superbus upper part of the land were evaluated by Russian XI Pharmacopeia and the method according to Mongolian National Standard and tannin, coumarin, flavonoid and naturally active substances were found.Conclution: It was carried out phytochemical investigation of the Dianthus superbus using spectrophotometer as a result we determined that if contains 10.5 % of sum flavonoid, 7.45 % coumarin. Amount of biological active compound-tannins was4.24 %.

Background Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels that causes complications in the eyes, kidneys, heart, vessels and nerves. Currently diabetic nephropathy is the most significant long-term complications in terms of morbidity and mortality for individual patients with diabetes. Honey bee venom can be considered as a natural remedy for diabetes due to its blood glucose levels lowering and lipid-regulating effect on diabetic rabbits. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Mongolian honey bee venom (Apis mellifera) on renal dysfunction in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. Material and Method Twenty two Chinchilla rabbits were divided into three groups: control (n=6), diabetic (n=8), and bee venom treated (n=8). The diabetic group was injected with 5% solution of Alloxan monohydrate 100 mg/kg intravenously behind the ear for 2 minutes to induce diabetes. The bee venom treated group received a bee sting (a sting contains 0.2-0.5 ml of bee venom) on their hind paw every day after their diagnosis of diabetes. Result Bee venom treatment (BVT) led to the following changes: compared to the diabetic group, the bee venom treated group’s blood glucose levels lowered between 14.9% and 26.5%; the plasma creatinine and urea levels were decreased respectively by 19,8% and 14.8%. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were reduced by 14.8%. Conclusion: Treatment with Mongolian bee venom lowered the blood glucose levels and prevents the renal dysfunction in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits

Introduction In 19th century, researchers proved at biochemical level the healing properties of bee products such as bee venom, honey, royal jelly, pollen, propolis and wax. The object of our research is the Apis cerena’s venom properties1-2. Asiatic honey bee or Apis cerana is small honey are small honey bees of southern and southeastern Asia, such as China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Bangladesh and Papua New Guinea3. This species is also known as the Himalayan hive honeybee. This species is the sister species of Apis koschevnikovi, and both are in the same sub¬genus as the Western (European) honey bee, Apis mellifera4. Goal The purpose of our research is to study property and potential of bee venom and its effect on immune system. Heal¬ing property of Apis cerana was high. This study proves that bee venom therapy stimulates immunity. Materialis and Methods The research was conducted at the Scientific Research Center of “Monos” Institute of Traditional Medicine and in biochemical Laboratory of “Khuljborjigon” Clinic. For the experiment, we used 23 perfectly healthy mice of same sex and size which meets standards of laboratory testing. We put a bee sting to 0.5 ml of 10% red blood cell (RBC) solution and measured time of heamolysis to de¬fine bee venom potential/capability by Shkenderov S., Ivanov Ts., (1985) method. Following Erne (1963), Kovalev I.E.,(1976), Petrov’s (1980) methodology of studying effects on immune system, we have stung bee venom to 23 mice on the acupuncture point of hind paw every other day in total 3 times. On third day of the experiment, we in¬jected into vein 2ml of 10 % sheep’s RBC to stimulate the immunity. On the fifth day, we defined weight of pancreas, number of pancreatic cells, pancreatic index, and haemagglutination titre. Results Potential of bee venom is determined by speed of heamolysis when bee sting is placed in the 0.5 ml of 10% RBC solution. If we place one bee sting into 1ml of RBC solution then the speed of heamolysis is 46 seconds, when two stings are place speed is 38 seconds and when 3 stings placed then time is 30. Compare to usual speed of heamolysis which is 60 seconds, change in time depending on the number of bee stings proves the effectiveness of bee venom (Table 1). In figure 3, the number of spleen cells of control group’s was 142.71±55.51*106/ml. this is 1.2 times lower compare to normal group which is 172.67±135.5*106/ml. BVT group’s number of spleen cells was 329.78±187.78*106/ml and 1.61 times bigger than in control group. In comparison to control group, haemagglutina¬tion titre of BVT group was 1.13 times higher (BVT group 54.86±19.95%; control group 50±8.83%, p<0.05) and this indicates that BV has immunity stimulating effect. Conclusions From our experiment we can conclude the following 1. Apis mellifera’s bee venom has high treating effect. 2. Bee venom therapy has immunity stimulating activity.

To study the correlation within psychological and social suffering in palliative care cancer patientsWe provide study within 100 palliative care patients with cancer stage 3-4. Depression was evaluated by San Diego hospice screening method with 3 questions. Anxiety was assessed by Spielberg -Hanin anxiety scale. Spiritual pain was assessed by San Diego hospice questionnaire, which includes main 4 factors of spiritual suffering, like cooperation, meaning of life, hope, forgiveness. Results of study was statistically evaluated by SPSS20 program.19% of patients had depression, 40% had anxiety, 46% patients had insomnia. 18% of patients with depression had spiritual suffering. 33% of patients with anxiety had spiritual pain. 31% of patients with insomnia had spiritual pain. Depression and spiritual suffering had mild correlation (R-0.318), anxiety and spiritual suffering had mild correlation (R-0.330), insomnia and spiritual suffering had very strong correlation (R-0.84). Psychological suffering of palliative care cancer patients increased with spiritual suffering and correlated with spiritual suffering. Especially insomnia had very strong correlation with spiritual suffering (R-0.84).

BACKGROUND:Nano is a key technology to bring accelerated development in science, economy and business in 21stcentury. Besides lots of advantages contained in nanoproducts, cytotoxic effects on human and environmentmay occur due to their extreme small size and large surface area and it promotes chemical reaction andactivates reactive oxygen species in the cell. In the last few decades, human and environment exposureof nanomaterials have been increasing, but research papers related to nanomaterial toxicity have beenpoor.GOAL: Determination of nanomaterial toxicity in medical applicationMATERIALS AND METHODS:Totally 21 nanomaterials collected in this study including imported nano-medicines, disinfectantspray, cleaning solution and experimental nanomaterial produced in Mongolia. The particle sizesof nanomaterialswere determined by Cross correlation analysis and X-Ray diffraction analysis, andmutagenicity was determined by Ames test.RESULTS:The particle sizes of nanomaterials in 5 of 21 were measured at the range of 1 – 100nm and 5 of 21nanomaterials were determined as mutagenic by Ames test.CONCLUSION:Ingredients and production methods can be one of causes of nanomaterial toxicity. Therefore, morespecific methods are needed to reveal cytotoxicity of nanomaterials in the future.

World population relatively common viral diseasespread among the population are one of the mosttroubling health problems. Viral diseases includingherpes virus infections, herpes infections occurin many forms, including clinical herpes simplexinfections in the world are one of the common diseasesspread. HSV-1 and HSV-2 are transmitted by contactwith an infected area of the skin during reactivationsof the virus. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 isperiodically shed in the human genital tract, most oftenasymptomatically, and most sexual transmissionsoccur during asymptomatic shedding. There have been many diagnostic techniques for HSV infections, including new viral detection methods and serological tests. We detection of herpes simlex virus by ELISA. Of 341 patient involved 43% (148) male, 57% (193) female. For all served patient 65.6% (224) were dominated by 20-40 years old. There were symptoms are herpes simplex virus infection in 23.4% (80) was 40% (32) male and 60% (48)female.

Background: In the 21st century, as a health problem of increased nonspecific low back pain, it is becoming one of the risk factors for leaving the occupation. 90-95%of the total waist back pain is the nonspecific back pain. Overloading of the spine because nurses are in a compressed position to work with the patient is a high risk for back pain. This study aim of our study was relationship between nonspecific low back pain and workplace among nurses in tertiary care first, second and third hospitals in Mongolia. Methods: This study used a descriptive correlational design to relationship between nonspecific low back pain and physical activity among nurses. We collected data from 133 registered nurses, randomly selected and working in three general public tertiary care hospitals in the capital city of Ulaanbaatar of Mongolia. An instrument used were the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (SNMQ). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient test. Results: Sixty two percent (82) were perceived a low back pain. The ratio of nurses with non-specific low back pain is 82 / 51=0.62 (odds). In other hand, one in two nurses were perceived non-specific low back pain, which is high prevalence. The relationship between nurses’ low back pain and workplace, r=0.25 has a direct weak correlation and is not statistically significant (p=0.15). Conclusions The results suggest that effective preventive measures form nonspecific low back pain for nurses. In the future, it is important to protect the health of existing nurses and keep them in the workplace.

INTRODUCTION:In connection with request and financial assistance of Swiss Development Agency ‘’Mercury exposureand health impact assessment study among small scale miners in mercury free technology, wasconducted by researchers of Toxicology division of NCPH.GOAL:To determine mercury exposure level in biological samples of local small scale miners from mercury freetechnology introduced area. To reveal chronic mercury intoxicated patients,MATERIALS AND METHODS:Totally 147 artisanal miners from 33 cooperatives for small scale mining from Bayan-Îvoo soum ofBayankhongor, Bornuur sum of Tuv, Bayangol, Mandal and Tunkhel sum of Selenge province areparticipated in this study and the study was performed by cross sectional study methods during April toDecember, 2014.Over all 147 participants were in the first part of study, 60.5% out of 147 (89 participants) were in secondparts, and another 35.4% (52 people) were participated to the third parts of study. The participants wereundergone in to toxicological, dermatological and neurological examinations and the WHO guidance formercury exposure determination was followed in this study.RESULTS:On the results of all testing we revealed that there were 2 cases of chronic mercury intoxicated patientsfrom each Bayangol Bornuur soum, 2 from Mandal soum, and 3 from Bayanovoo soum.Overall 7 patientswere diagnosed as chronic mercury intoxicated and it comprised 4.7%of (n=147) all involved participants.We have observed that average height of total medical examination number was (2.9) in Bornuur soum.It indicated that there will have higher number of patients would exist in Bornuur soum than others.Ourstudy result has shown that neurological symptoms like tremor and imbalance were more diagnosedamong participants from Mandal and Bayngol soums. It implies that the health of the small scale minersfrom this soum more affected and needed to be investigating further.CONCLUSIONS:Mercury is still being used among artisanal gold miners even thoughit is still illegal. Further medicalevaluation and assistance needed to be taken for newly diagnosed 7 patients.

The present study was conducted to assess relationship between drinking water fluoride levels and dental caries among 12 years old school children of 2 districts of Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 533 school children aged 12 years, selected from 6 schools of 2 districts of Ulaanbaatar city. 533 children were divided into 2 groups according to the fluoride concentration of the waters. The all children were examined oral examination, dental caries was assessed by the DMF-T index. The result of the present study revealed that the caries prevalence in the study population was about 68,9%, and mean DMF-T was 3.05. Water fluoride concentration was highest in Khan-Uul district with 0.622ppm. There was highest prevalence of caries in children who consume water from filtration system in both districts.

The present study was conducted to assess relationship between drinking water fluoride levels and dental caries among 12 years old school children of 2 districts of Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia.A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 533 school children aged 12 years, selected from 6 schools of 2 districts of Ulaanbaatar city. 533 children were divided into 2 groups according to the fluoride concentration of the waters. The all children were examined oral examination, dental caries was assessed by the DMF-T index.The result of the present study revealed that the caries prevalence in the study population was about 68,9%, and mean DMF-T was 3.05. Water fluoride concentration was highest in Khan-Uul district with 0.622ppm.There was highest prevalence of caries in children who consume water from filtration system in both districts.