Objective To study the effect of epidermal growth factor(EGF) on the morphology and absorption of small bowel graft. Method Total small bowel transplantion was performed between inbred Wistar(RT1 k) rats. Total parenteral nutrition(TPN group,n=10) and EGF supplemented TPN(EGF group,n=10) was used from POD2 to POD10. ResultsMucosal villous height,crypt depth, mucosal thickness and villous surface area were found significantly larger in EGF group than in TPN group.Normal ultrastructure of the graft was maintained in EGF group, Atrophied microvilli and broken mitochondrial crista were observed in TPN group. Plasma 15N-Glycine level was higher in EGF group than in TPN group. Conclusion EGF improves mucosal morphology,preserves enterocyte ultrastructure, enhances amino acid absorption.

Objective To study the protective effect of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) on grafted mucous membrane of transplanted small bowel.Methods Total small bowel transplantation was made in inbred Wistar (RT1 k) rats heterotopically,either total parenteral nutrition (control group, n =10) or hepatocyte growth factor supplemented TPN (HGF group, n =10) was given to the recipients from the 2nd day to the 10th day postoperatively. Morphological parameters of the transplanted intestinal mucosa, such as mucosal villous height, villous width, crypt depth, mucosal thickness and villous surface area were observed. Variation of ultrastructure of transplanted epithelial cells was observed. Composition of mucosal protein and DNA content were tested. Results Comparison between HGF group and the control group were as follows. Mucosal villous height (298.79?22.31) ?m vs (176.45? 14.62) ?m, P =0.001, villous width (107.46? 12.34) ?m vs (74.20?16.85) ?m, P =0.004, crypt depth (104.56?11.17) ?m vs (74.45?8.34) ?m, P =0.000 5, mucosal thickness (409.53?35.83) ?m vs (259.38?24.65) ?m, P =0.003, and villous surface area (0.101? 0.011) mm 2 vs (0.041?0.005) mm 2, P =0.001 were found significantly increased in HGF group compared with control group, there were no obvious difference decrease as compared to pretransplant parameters.Mucosal protein composition was higher in HGF group than that in control group (89.65? 9.28) mg/g wet wt vs (53.73? 11.45) mg/g wet wt, P =0.012, baseline (92.64?10.52) mg/g wet wt, nearly equal to baseline; DNA composition was also high in HGF group (0.89?0.09) mg/g wet wt vs (0.51?0.06) mg/g wet wt, P =0.008, baseline (0.91? 0.09) mg/g wet wt. Nearly normal ultrastructure of the graft was maintained in HGF group, atrophied microvilli and broken mitochondrial crista were observed in control group.Conclusion Hepatocyte growth factor can improve mucosal structure, preserve enterocyte ultrastructure of isograft after small bowel transplantation in rat.

Objective This article aims to study the impact of cyclopamine,a Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor,on the proliferation and apoptosis of QBC939 cholangiocarcinoma cells.Methods The proliferation of QBC939 cells was detected with the MTT assay,and the apoptotic rate was analyzed with the flow cytometry assay.RT-PCR and Western blow were used to detect the expressions of tumor-related genes and proteins in QBC939 cells before and after cyclopamine treatment.Results Our results show that cyclopamine inhibited the growth of QBC939 cells in time and dose dependent manners.After a 5,10,or 20 μmol/L cyclopamine treatment for 48 hours,QBC939 cells showed increased apoptotic rates significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.01).Furthermore,cyclopamine down regulated the mRNA and protein levels of PTCH1,GLI1,and EGFR in QBC939 cells.Conclusion Therefore,blockage of the Hedgehog signaling pathway with cyclopamine could suppress the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of QBC939 cholangiocarcinoma cells.

Objective To study the microinvasive treatment of post-gastrectomy acute cholecystisis. Methods Teweenty-eight cases of post-gastrectomy acute cholecystitis were treated by routine non-operative method first, if cases with no apparent relief after 24h of treatment were further treated with percutanous transhepatic gallbladder puncture and drainage(PTGD) guided by ultrasonography. Results Five cases were treated by non-operative method with complete relief within 24 hours. PTGD was done successfully in all the other 23 cases.In cases with ideal bile drainage at the time of intubation, the patients had immediate marked relief of their symptoms and signs, and they fully recovered within 3~7 days.Conclusions Ultrasound guided PTGD is an effective treatment for post-gastrectomy acute cholecystitis with the advantages of microinvasion and quick patient recovery.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of balloon dilatation in the treatment of traumatic biliary stricture(TBS).Methods Eighty-one patients with TBS who had been admitted into General Hospital of Chengdu Command from February 1997 to February 2007 were divided into 2 groups.In the control group,40 patients underwent choledoco-jeiunostomy with T tube stenting in the anastomotic stoma for 6 months.In the balloon dilatation group,41 patients received implantation of the balloon catheters along with the two arms of the T tube in the anastomotic stoma.The efficacy of different surgical procedures were analyzed by chi-square test.Results Seven patients in the control group were failed with a failure rate of 18%.Of the 7 palients,6 were transferred to receive balloon dilatation and 5 were cured.In the balloon dilatation group,only 1 patient was failed and the failure rate was 2%.The diameter of the anastomotic stoma ilq the balloon dilatation group was dilated gradually to 12 mm in 3 months.The difference upon the success rate of the operation between the 2 groups had statistical significance (x2=5.10,P＜0.05).Conclusions Balloon dilatation is effective in the treatment of TBS.

Objective To investigate the relationship between portal vein pressure and liver regeneration after 90% portal branch ligation in rats.Methods Forty-five male SD rats underwent 90% portal branch ligation (including 5 rats underwent sham operation),and then the changes of portal vein pressure and weight of unligated hepatic lobes were detected.The morphological changes of hepatocytes of the unligated hepatic lobes were observed under a light microscope.Proliferative cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)index was detected by immunohistochemistry,and hepatocyte apoptosis of the unligated hepatic lobes by TUNEL method.All data were analyzed by Pearson rank correlation analysis and t test.Results Thirty-eight out of 40 rats survived(95%).The ligated hepatic lobes diminished progressively,whereas the unligated hepatic lobes regenerated.Preoperative portal vein pressure was(9.1±1.8)cm H_2O(1 cm H_2O=0.098 kPa),and it was increased significantly shortly after the ligation and reached (15.8±2.7)cm H_2O 12 hours later(t=6.847,P＜0.05).The portal vein pressure decreased from(13.6±2.3)cm H_2O at day 1 to(9.3±2.0)cm H_2O at day 28.Preoperative positive PCNA index was 7%±3%,which was significantly lower than 14%±5%at postoperative 12 hours,21%±6%at day 3 and 26%±7%at day 5(t=9.129,P＜0.05),and it began to return to normal at day 5.Few apoptotic hepatoeytes were observed in preoperative liver tissue and unligated hepatic lobes.The expression of PCNA in unligated hepatic lobes and portal vein pressure had apositive correlation at postoperative day 1,3,5(r=0.913,0.896,0.908,P<0.05)and a negative correlation at postoperative day 14(r=-0.926,P<0.05).Conclusions The regeneration of hepatocytes in unligated hepatic lobes is activated after 90% portal branch ligation,and the regenerated liver compensates the weight loss of the ligated hepatic lobes.Liver is regenerated mainly by speeding hepatocyte proliferation rather than reducing hepatocyte apoptosis.Changes of portal vein pressure may play an important role in liver regeneration.

Objective To study the postoperative nutritional effects of early orogastric feeding compared with nasoenteric tube enteral nutrition within postoperative 24-48 h in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) patients.Methods The clinical data of 87 PD patients from June 2013 to January 2015 in Huaxi Hospital was analyzed retrospectively.Patients were divided into orogastric enteral nutrition group and nasoenteric tube enteral nutrition group.Patients' tolerance,hospital stay,mortality,and major complications associated with PD were compared.Results The average time of bowel function recovery (P ＜0.001) and average hospital stay (P=0.017) in the nasoenteric tube enteral nutrition group were significantly shorter than those in the orogastric enteral nutrition group.The differences of patients' tolerance were not statistically different (P =0.089).The differences of major complications and mortality were not statistically different (P =0.745,P =1.00).Conclusions Nasoenteric tube enteral nutrition in after PD patients improves nitrogen balance,promotes bowel function recovery and makes hospital stay shorter.

To investigate the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) into chon-drocytes by miRNA-206 and its mechanism in osteoarthritis(OA). Methods From January, 2017 to July, 2018, rat BMSCs were isolated, and their CD90 and CD45 were detected by flow cytometry. Transfection of miRNA-206 or miRNA-206 inhibitors into BMSCs using lentiviral vectors, dexamethasone induction for 14 d, then use alician blue staining and type II collagen immunostaining to detect chondrogenic differentiation. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. Western blot analysis was used to detect the Aggrecan, Col II, Sox9 and Runx2 markers in chondroblast cells. The expression level of the marker gene of Sox9 mRNA in chondroblasts were detected by RT-PCR.OA rat models were treated with lentiviral vectors transfected with miRNA-206 or miRNA-206 inhibitors, and Aggrecan, Col II, Sox9, Runx2 which were the markers of chondrogenesis were detected by Western blot. Results The purity of isolated BMSCs was (80.7±3.9)%. BMSCs transfected with miRNA-206 could promote cell proliferation and increase chondrogenic differentiation. Western blot results showed that the expression of Aggre-can, Col II and Sox9 was increased in the miRNA-206 transfection group, and the expression of Runx2 was down-regulate. Meanwhile, RT-PCR results showed that miRNA-206 can up-regulate the expression of the chondroblast marker gene Sox9 mRNA in BMSCs.Compared with the OA group, miRNA-206 could increase the expression of Aggre-can, Col II and Sox9 signaling proteins in cartilage tissue (P＜0.05), and down-regulate the expression level of Runx2 (P＜0.05). Conclusion The miRNA-206 can positively regulate the differentiation of BMSCs into chondrocytes, increase the ability of cell proliferation, up-regulate the expression of Aggrecan, Col II and Sox9, and down-regulate Runx2.The miRNA-206 increase chondrogenic capacity in rat models of osteoarthritis.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of radical resection with individualized surgical approach for borderline resectable pancreatic head carcinoma.Methods The retrospective descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 54 patients with borderline resectable pancreatic head carcinoma who underwent radical resection with individualized surgical approach in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2015 to January 2018 were collected.There were 37 males and 17 females,aged from 37 to 73 years,with a median age of 59 years.For venous type borderline resectable pancreatic head carcinoma,surgery for pancreatic head carcinoma and (or) pancreatic head and neck carcinoma was performed via inferior mesenteric vein,and surgery for pancreatic uncinate process carcinoma was performed via inferior colon artery.For arterial type borderline resectable pancreatic head carcinoma,surgery for pancreatic head carcinoma and (or) pancreatic head and neck carcinoma was performed via medial uncinate artery,and surgery for pancreatic uncinate process carcinoma was performed via left posterior artery.Observation indicators:(1) surgical situations;(2) postoperative complications;(3) postoperative pathological examination;(4) follow-up.Patients were followed up by outpatient examination or telephone interview once every 3 months to detect survival up to March 2019.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented by Mean ± SD.Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented by M (range),and count data were represented by absolute numbers or percentage.Kaplan-meier method was used to draw the survival curve and calculate the survival rate.Results (1) Surgical situations:all the 54 patients underwent expanded pancreatoduodenectomy combined with superior mesenteric vein/portal vein (SMV/PV) resection,including 15 via inferior mesenteric vein,20 via inferior colon artery,12 via medial uncinate artery,and 7 via left posterior artery.The operation time was (320± 83)minutes,and the volume of intraoperative blood loss was (865±512) mL.(2) Postoperative complications:of 54 cases,28 had postoperative complications,including 13 with grade 1 Clavien-Dindo complications,12 with grade 2 ClavienDindo complications,3 with grade 3 or above Clavien-Dindo complications.One of the 28 patients with postoperative complications died and 27 were improved after symptomatic and supportive treatment.(3) Postoperative pathological examination:of 54 patients,31 had R0 resection and 23 had R1 resection.In the 23 patients with R1 resection,5 underwent surgery via the inferior mesenteric vein (4 with involvement of pancreatic anterior surface,1 with involvement of both pancreatic anterior and posterior surface),9 underwent surgery via the inferior colon artery (2 with involvement of both pancreatic anterior and posterior surface,2 with involvement of superior mesenteric artery margin,2 with involvement of pancreatic posterior surface,2 with involvement of pancreatic anterior surface,1 with involvement of superior mesenteric artery margin and pancreatic posterior surface),5 underwent surgery via the medial uncinate process artery (2 with involvement of superior mesenteric artery margin,2 with involvement of both pancreatic anterior and posterior surface,1 with involvement of pancreatic neck transected margin),and 4 underwent surgery via the left posterior artery (3 with involvement of superior mesenteric artery margin,1 with involvement of both pancreatic anterior and posterior surface).Of 54 patients,16 had no positive lymph nodes,26 had 1-3 positive lymph nodes,and 12 had 4 or more positive lymph nodes.The tumor diameter was (3.20±0.14)cm.There were 48 of 54 patients with nerve infiltration,41 with superior mesenteric vein and/or portal vein infiltration,and 11 with vascular thrombus.There were 17 of 54 patients with high differentiation and medium differentiation,and 37 with low differentiation and undifferentiation.(4) Follow-up:54 patients were followed up for 1-42 months,with a median time of 19 months.The 1-,3-year overall survival rate was 78.0％,11.4％.Condusion As for the borderline resectable pancreatic head cancer,individualized and customized surgical approach according to the location of tumor and the relationship with blood vessels is helpful to standardize the radical resection and avoid R2 resection.

Objective:To investigate the expression of IL-2/IL-15 receptor β subunit (IL-2/IL-15Rβ) on memory CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving antiviral treatment and its significance. Methods:Sixty-eight patients with chronic active hepatitis B (CAHB) and 47 asymptomatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers attending in the Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College from March 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled in the study; and 30 health subjects were also enrolled as healthy control group. Among 60 CAHB patients there were 30 cases with positive HBeAg and 30 cases with negative HBeAg. All CAHB patients received nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy, the HBV-related markers, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the expression of IL-2/IL-15Rβ on CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + T cells were determined and compared between HBeAg-positive and negative patients, before and after treatment. Normal distribution measurement data among 3 groups were compared with One-way ANOVA; normal distribution measurement data between 2 groups were compared with paired samples t test; non-normal distribution measurement data between the two groups were compared with Mann-Whitney U test; Pearson’s correlation coefficient was performed for correlation analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The proportion of CD8 + CD45RO + T cells on PBMC CD3 + T cells in CAHB group [(8.6±3.7)%] was higher than that of asymptomatic HBV carriers group [(5.7±2.5)%] and healthy control group [(5.5±1.5)%] (all P<0.05). The expression percentage of IL-2/IL-15Rβ on PBMC CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + T cells in CAHB group [(6.8±4.7)%] was higher than that of asymptomatic HBV carriers group [(4.7±2.8)%] and healthy control group [(4.3±2.2)%] (all P<0.05). The MFI of IL-2/IL-15Rβ on PBMC CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + T cells in CAHB group (243±168) was higher than those of asymptomatic HBV carriers group (160±91) and healthy control group [160±63] (all P<0.05). The expression percentage and MFI of IL-2/IL-15Rβ on PBMC CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + T cells were positively correlated with the percentage of CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + T cells in CAHB patients ( r=0.33 and 0.28, all P<0.05). The proliferation percentage of PBMC CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + T cells in CAHB group[ (43.7±16.0)%] was higher than that of asymptomatic HBV carriers group [(29.1±9.4)%] and healthy control group [(26.8±9.6)%] after stimulation with Anti-CD3+ super-2 (all P<0.05). After the expression of IL-2/IL-15Rβ was blocked, the proliferation percentage of CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + T cells was decreased [(11.2±6.3)%] compared with the untreated CAHB group ( P<0.05). The percentages of PBMC CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + T cells secreting IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α in CAHB group were (13.8±5.4)%, (14.0±4.3)% and (12.3±4.6)% respectively, which were higher than those of asymptomatic HBV carriers [(8.4±2.6)%, (9.4±3.2)% and (6.8±3.3)%] and healthy control group [(6.9±2.7)%, (9.9±3.0)% and (7.7±3.8)%] after stimulation with Anti-CD3+ super-2 (all P<0.05). After the expression of IL-2/IL-15Rβ was blocked, the percentages of PBMC CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + T cells secreting IFN-γ [(2.4±1.6)%], IL-2 [(4.1±1.9)%] and TNF-α [(4.1±1.8)%] were decreased compared with the untreated CAHB group (all P<0.05). HBeAg, ALT, the expression percentage and MFI of IL-2/IL-15Rβ on CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + T cells were 521.4 (68.9, 1 339.0) COI, 292 (160, 528) U/L, (6.4±3.2)% and (239±136) in 30 HBeAg-positive CAHB patients before treatment, which were higher than those after treatment [3.5(1.5, 17.5)COI、20(14, 31) U/L, (4.1±2.4)% and (134±58)] ( Z=5.337 and 6.403, t=3.229 and 3.892, all P<0.05). HBsAg, ALT, the expression percentage and MFI of IL-2/IL-15Rβ on CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + T cells were (5 310±2 851) COI, (328±207) U/L, (7.1±5.8)% and (252±110) in 30 HBeAg-negative CAHB patients before treatment, which were higher than those after 48 weeks of treatment [(3 811±2 495) COI, (33±14) U/L, (4.6±2.9)% and (154±73)] ( t=2.167, 5.595, 2.116 and 2.383, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The study suggests that up-regulated expression of IL-2/IL-15Rβ is associated with elevated frequency, proliferation and secretion function of memory CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + T cells in CAHB patients.