Objective To probe into the kinetics of gallstone formation.Methods Fifty seven rabbits were divided into five groups: (1) normal control with standard fodder, (2)1 2% cholesterol was added into the fodder,(3)1 2% cholesterol plus indomethacin in the fodder,(4)1 2% cholesterol plus erythromycin,(5) 1 2% cholesterol plus Dong Li San, a Chinese herb compound. All animals were feed four weeks before measurement.Results Gallstone developed in 0 out of 13 in group 1, in 12 out of 14 rabbits in group 2, in 4 out of 10 rabbits in group 3, in 0 out of 10 in group 4, and in 2 out of 10 in group 5. Compared with that in group 1 rabbits in group 2 had higher level of cholesterol and mucin in bile,much higher common bile duct pressure and cystic duct resistance,much lower gallbladder emptying rate ( P

Bile collected from 28 cases with various hepatic or biliary diseases during operation was assayed for the ?-glucuronidase level. In Group I consisting of 14 patients with primary intrahepatic stone, the ?-glucuronidase level averaged 2250.67 u/dl, while in Group II consisting of 14 patieats with other hepatic diseases, it averaged only 463.99 u/dl(P = 0.01).The patients of both groups showed a declination of the enzyme level gostoperatively, but in Group I, the enzyme level raised with other hepatic diseases, he T-tube. The AMPS and MP contents of the bile .remarkable inhibitory effect on two substances exert their function in positive remarkable inhibitory effect on at pH4,6. It is believed that. ?-glucuronidase, Group 11 consisting the results of thisles in the reformation of biliary stones reformation biliaryWhen ?-glucuronidase level is lower than 200u/dl.Chinese traditional prescriptions with glycynrhizae liquid extract shows a remarkable inhibitory effect on this enzyme. In Chinese traditonal prescriptions, the drugs which can promote circulation and clear deposit are usually added. According to the results of this study, the authors suggest that the therapeutic effect of glycyrrhizae be emphasized.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between chronic pain and painprone meutal disorders and investigate the effect of psychological intervention and medication.DATA SOURCES: Related literatures about the relationship between chronic pain and pain-prone mental disorders were searched on computer in Medline and Embase from January 1989 to May 2004 with the retrieval word of "Chronic pain, emotional disorder, treatment", the language was limited to English. The subjects were patients who suffered from chronic pain for above 6 months.STUDY SELECTION: Related literatures about the relationship between chronic pain and pain-prone mental disorders and its therapeutic interventions were carried on primary trial to delete those obsolete and repetitive literatures, and the others were used to search in the full text. The quality was appraised mainly on the basis of the data authenticity, preciseness of the designation, strictness of the implementation and reasonability of the statistical analysis.DATA EXTRACTION: Altogether 20 literatures were obtained and 11literatures were proved accordant with the inclusion standard. 9 literatures were excluded because 7 were repetitive experiments and two were Meta analyses.DATA SYNTHESIS: 11 literatures include experimental group and control group, patients in the experimental group were treated with analgetic combined with psychological intervention and antidepressant while those in the control group were only given analgetic; the outcomes of the two groups were compared.CONCLUSION: Chronic pain may co-exist with emotional disorders. It can be remarkably alleviated by the administration of analgetic combined with psychological intervention and antidepressant, which proves better than single analgetic medication.

Objective To investigate the effects of postoperative semi-reclining position in early stage on the comfort degree of patients with endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia. Methods Totally 106 cases of patients with endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia were selected from the ENT&HN Surgery Department of Beijing Tongren Hospital during September 2014 to May 2015. The patients were randomly divided into the control group (n=54) and the experimental group (n=52). Patients in the control group adopted traditional clinostatism after surgery,while patients in the experimental group adopted early semi-reclining position after surgery. Four hours after surgery,patients' comfort degree with discomfort visual analogue score (VAS) were evaluated,and the incidence of neck-shoulder soreness and waist soreness of patients was compared between two groups. Results In the experimental group,the total discomfort VAS score of patients was 3.00 (2.00~5.00),which was lower than VAS score 4.00 (3.00~6.00) in the control group (Z=-2.270,P<0.05). In the experimental group,the incidence of shoulder-soreness was 0,and the incidence of waist soreness was 3.85%,and they were all lower than those in the control group (16.67%,11.11%) (χ2= 9.471,5.666;P<0.05). Conclusions Early semi-reclining position can effectively reduce the postoperative headache,ear fullness and general discomfort of patients with endoscopic sinus surgery,reduce the occurrence of shoulder-neck soreness and waist soreness of patients,and improve patients' comfort.

Objective To investigate the degree of pain, pain control and influencing factors of patients with silicone drainage tube after endoscopic sinus surgery, so as to provide the basis for the management of pain and comfort nursing. Methods From March to August in 2016, 102 patients undergone endoscopic sinus surgery were selected as the research objects. They were treated with silicone drainage tube within 48 h after operation. The patient's pain status and its influencing factors were assessed by the Brief Pain Scale (BPI) at 24 h and 48 h after operation. Results In 24-48 h after surgery, the most degree of pain, the lightest degree of pain, the average degree of pain, the exist degree and the overall degree of pain were significantly reduced than those in 24 h after surgery,and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.446, 4.790, 5.413, 4.758, 5.374;P<0.05); In 24-48 h after the surgery, the pain impact on daily life, mood, work, sleep and overall effects were significantly reduced than those in 24 h after the surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.729, 2.912, 3.260, 2.080, 2.702; P <0.05); 24-48 h after operation, the overall pain state of patients with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) (2.15±1.69) was significantly lower than that patients who did not receive the PCA (3.26±1.94), and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.871, P=0.005). Conclusions The pain nursing of the patients with silicone tube should not be neglected, especially in 24 h after surgery nurses should strengthen the assessment and management of pain, and pay attention to the impact of pain; For pain control, we should not use single control mode, but should focus on exploring various ways to control pain.

Objective:To explore the effects of continuous nursing on quality of life (QOL) in postoperative laryngeal cancer patients.Methods:The randomized controlled trial (RCT) on effects of continuous nursing on QOL in postoperative laryngeal cancer patients were retrieved in the Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Library, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Sinomed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , WanFang data, VIP and ProQuest by computer from building database to October 2019. Two systematic review researchers independent evaluated the literature quality based on the "Australia JBI Critical Appraisal Tool (2016) ". RevMan 5.3 was used to data analysis.Results:A total of 8 RCTs were included. Meta-analysis showed that compared with routine nursing, continuous nursing improved the general health status of QOL among postoperative laryngeal cancer patients with a statistical difference in the merge effect [ SMD=2.59, 95% CI (1.70, 3.48) , Z=5.68, P<0.000 01]. Besides, continuous nursing also improved aspects of QOL, such as physical function, role function, emotional function and social function. Conclusions:The continuous nursing can improve the QOL of postoperative laryngeal cancer patients which is worthy of clinical application.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the development and progression in various cancers.Dysfunctional miR-9 expression remains ambiguous,and no consensus on the metastatic progression of ovarian cancer has been reached.In this study,results from the bioinformatics analysis show that the 3'-UTR of the E-cadherin mRNA was directly regulated by miR-9.Luciferase reporter assay results confirmed that miR-9 could directly target this 3'-UTR.miR-9 and E-cadherin expression in ovarian cancer tissue was quantified by qRTPCR.Migration and invasion were detected by wound healing and Transwell system assay in SKOV3 and A2780.qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated mRNA and proteins.Immunofluorescence technique was used to analyze the expression and subcellular localization of Ecadherin,N-cadherin,and vimentin.The results showed that miR-9 was frequently upregulated in metastatic serous ovarian cancer tissue compared with paired primary ones.Upregulation of miR-9 could downregulate the expression of E-cadherin but upregulate the expression of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and vimentin).Overexpression of miR-9 could promote the cell migration and invasion in ovarian cancer,and these processes could be effectively inhibited via miR-9 inhibitor.Thus,our study demonstrates that miR-9 may promote ovarian cancer metastasis via targeting E-cadherin and a novel potential therapeutic approach to control metastasis of ovarian cancer.

Tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures(TLSs)are ectopic lymphoid formations within tumor tissue,with mainly B and T cell populations forming the organic aggregates.The presence of TLSs in tumors has been strongly associated with patient responsiveness to immunotherapy regimens and improving tumor prognosis.Researchers have been motivated to actively explore TLSs due to their bright clinical application prospects.Various studies have attempted to decipher TLSs regarding their formation mechanism,structural composition,induction generation,predictive markers,and clinical utilization.Meanwhile,the scientific approaches to qualitative and quantitative descriptions are crucial for TLS studies.In terms of detection,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E),multiplex immunohistochemistry(mIHC),multiplex immunofluorescence(mIF),and 12-chemokine gene signature have been the top approved methods.However,no standard methods exist for the quantitative analysis of TLSs,such as absolute TLS count,analysis of TLS constituent cells,structural features,TLS spatial location,density,and maturity.This study reviews the latest research progress on TLS detection and quantification,proposes new directions for TLS assessment,and addresses issues for the quantitative application of TLSs in the clinic.

Heracleum candicans is extensively utilized for its abundant medicinal components,which are applied in various treatments,including insecticides,hemostatic agents,dispersing wind,relieving cough,and alleviating rheumatic pain.This paper reviewed the various chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Heracleum candicans.It aims to provide new insights for its promotion and application,as well as to provide a basis for establishing quality standards for Heracleum candicans.

Malignancies are diseases resulting from an imbalance of cell growth and proliferation， endangering human health and life. Currently， there is no clinically effective treatment for tumors. Tumor cells may alter cell adhesion and tumor cell migration and movement by degrading the extracellular matrix， generating vascular factors， affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transformation， or altering the tumor microenvironment. The mechanisms which lead to multidrug resistance （MDR） are the regulation of membrane proteins， apoptosis-regulated gene expression， enzyme-mediated multidrug resistance， DNA damage repair， and epithelial-stromal transformation， resulting in ineffective treatment of tumors. Therefore， the search for natural， safe， and effective chemosensitizers has become a critical part in tumor research. Due to the increasing use of Chinese medicine in cancer treatment， researchers have conducted more extensive studies on its monomers and compounds. In addition， the mechanisms of Chinese medicine in inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis and reversing drug resistance are gradually unraveled. The monomers and compounds of Chinese medicine may inhibit tumor invasion， metastasis， and drug resistance by enhancing the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs and adjuvant properties. Furthermore， they can also improve the tolerance of patients to chemotherapy drugs， relieve side effects of chemotherapy， reduce the chance of recurrence， and prolong the life of patients. The development of traditional Chinese medicine plays an important role in reducing tumor recurrence and metastasis， reversing drug resistance， prolonging the prognosis of cancer patients， improving their quality of life， and prolonging their survival time. Currently， various types of Chinese medicines have been proven to be capable of reducing tumor invasion and metastasis， and reversing drug resistance. The present article reviewed development and findings of Chinese medicine as an anti-tumor invasion， anti-metastasis， and anti-tumor resistance therapy in recent years， in order to provide ideas for future research on anti-tumor effect of active components in Chinese medicine.